英语专业本科生论文指导.ppt

Instructions on Thesis Writing for Bachelor Degree 本科生论文写作规范 l1. 题目的命名 l2. 目录的格式 l3.摘要的格式 l4.正文的格式 l5.参考文献的格式 l6. 邮件联系导师的格式 l应根据自己的所学专业来确定 l避免选择过偏、过窄、过于生僻 l选题范围：英美文学评论、中西文学文化比较、 英语教学法、英语语言学及应用语言学、英语国 家文化、跨文化交际、翻译理论与实践 1. 题目的命名 l论文题目应具体、明确、突出论文重点，避免 大而空泛的题目，避免使用整句或者问句。 lTopic as thought provoking: your topic should make the audience think and should be what they can not readily answer. lTopic as interesting: you do not need to provide information that audience already knows. Think of a meaningful topic. Topic as focused l“ Love in Romeo and Juliet” broad; “ Juliets mature love versus Romeos Adolescent love” would be better. l“ Juliet as Character”too broad; “ Juliets change from Child to Young Woman” better. l“Male characters in Hemingways works” broad; “ male characters in Hemingways novels” better; “ male characters in Hemingways A Farewell to Arms” even better. l“ On Emily Dickinsons Poems”-broad; “on Emily Dickinsons Death Poems”better. 如何确定最终选题？ l1）选题应该有意义，有新意，观点正确、明 确； l2）选题应在个人能力可及范围之内； l3）确定选题之前，对该选题所涉及的资料有 充分的了解； l4）通过对该选题论证和分析，能得出较客观 公正的结论。 选题实例分析 l如果选题过于宽泛，很难写出有深度的论文，因此 需要将选题逐步缩小，然后确定出最终选题。 lGeneral: The Iceberg Theory of Hemingway lRestricted: The Iceberg Theory in Hemingways Short Stories lMore restricted: The Iceberg Theory in Hemingways The Old Man and The Sea 选题实例分析 l1: On Problems in Cross-culture Communication and Learning Strategies. l分析:该选题的可取之处在于：（1）切入点较 具体：跨文化交际过程中可能出现的各类问题 ；（2）属分析性文章，从而确定文章主体结 构：发现问题，讨论问题，提出可能的解决策 略方案。 l2. The Art of Contrast in Shellys Poem “Ode to the West Wind” l分析：该选题的可取之处在于：英文作品分析， 与英语语言专业联系紧密，能较好地展示作者的 英语水平；（2）从一个角度（art of contrast） 分析作品，避免面面俱到，这样可以作较深入的 探讨。 l3. The Nature of Humor Embodied in Sense and Sensibility l分析：该选题的可取之处在于：英文作品分析， 与英语语言专业联系紧密，能较好地展示作者的 英语水平；（2）从一个角度（the nature of humor）分析作品，避免面面俱到，这样可以作 较深入的分析探讨。 l4. Culture Comparison of Animal Words between Chinese Idioms and English Idioms l分析：该选题的可取之处在于：（1）语言文 化的比较研究，在写作的同时可以学习和总结 语言知识，充分体现论文写作是英语学习过程 中的一环的教学思想；（2）选题具体，成语 （习语）中动物词汇的文化内容；（3）比较 研究有较成熟的行文思路（或说研究方法）， 文章结构好把握。 l5. Language Must be Taught in Culture l分析：该选题存在的问题是： l（1）选题过于宽泛； l（2）可修改为The Importance of Culture Teaching to English Learners l6. Parallelism and Contrast of Shakespeares Dramatic Language l对本科生来说，过于大的题目无法把握，应该具 体到文本。 l如：Parallelism and Contrast of Shakespeares Dramatic Language In Romeo and Juliet 以往较好的论文题目范例 （文学方向） l“The Survival of the Fittest” embodied in The Call of the Wild l适者生存原则在野性的呼唤中的体现 lAnalysis On Herzogs Salvation from Modern Spiritual Crisis in Saul Bellows Herzog l分析赫索格如何走出现代人精神危机 lThe Employment of Images in The Open Boat l浅析海上扁舟意象的运用 lAnalysis of Hemingways Iceberg Theory in Hills Like White Elephants l从白象似的群山解读海明威的冰山理论 lMartin Eden: A Victim of the American Dream l马丁伊登：美国梦的牺牲者 注：英文中的作品名称用斜体，不能用书名号， 题目中的单词首字母大写 lOn the Way to Liberty：Analysis of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn l 在追求自由的道路上-读哈克贝利芬历险记有 感 lThe Feminist Reading of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne l解读纳撒尼尔霍桑作品红字的女权主义 lThe Realistic Features of Animal Farm l动物农场的现实主义特征 lAnti-Christianity Theme in Wallace Stevens Sunday Morning l解读华莱士史蒂文斯星期天的早晨的反基 督主题 好的论文的三个要素 lIt persuades an audience of the validity of its ideas. lIt uses evidence ( facts , reasoning and when necessary, testimony) to explain and support its ideas. lIt has a thesis , an overall claim supported by specific sub-claims. 文献资料 lPrimary sources: are the works of literatures themselves. If your essay is about Hamlet, then Hamlet is your primary source. If your are writing about all of Shakespeares sonnets, then all of his sonnets are your primary sources. Primary sources are crucial for essays about literature. Your most important facts, the ones that support your claims, will come from primary sources. Secondary sources lif you want to include facts from outside the work or commentary from people outside the work, you need to use secondary sources. Facts from second sources include such things as information about the authors life, the period in which the author lived, the authors philosophy, literary history, other authors, the original audience, the works influence and similarities to other works. lSecondary sources are valuable for what they teach us about the work. They give information that helps us form our own opinions. E.g. when we study Hawthorns fiction, our perception of his themes sharpens when we learn that he was ashamed of his Puritan ancestors. When we learn that Jane Austen used an actual calendar to plot the events of Pride and Prejudice, we appreciate the care with which she crafted her fiction. Reliable secondary sources laccurate histories, biographies, autobiographies, memoirs and interviews. When you include facts from secondary sources, cite them and indicate your sources for them. How to organize your essay lThe organization of any essay depends in part on the line of reasoning you develop, and this will vary from topic to topic. But the general structure of an argumentative essay is fairly standard and almost always contains the following units: The title lIt should tell enough the topic of the essay to capture the interest of readers and let them know the focus of the essay. It helps to include the authors name and the title of the work you are discussing. E.g. The Rain image in Hemingways A Farewell to Arms.” Introduction lIt should state the topic of the essay and should be interesting enough to make the reader want to keep on reading. The introduction should be relatively short in a thesis for bachelor degree. Body lit is the place where you develop your line of reasoning. It consists of a series of paragraphs that contain claims( usually one claim per paragraph) along with supporting evidence. Conclusion lit signals that the essay has come to an end. It should remind the reader of the problem posed at the beginning of the essay and briefly summarize the solutions. It should state or restate the thesis. The conclusion should be brief. Comparative study lOf two works by one writer lOf different styles of two writers lOf two characters in one novel lOf the ambiguity in the writers religious attitude in a certain novel?. The writing process lThe writing process consists of four main sets of activities: Inventing: it includes studying the subject. The subject of essays about literature is the work of literature; identifying your audience (its needs and interests); recognizing any limitations placed on your essay (length, time, and other specifics of an assignment); generating topics. Drafting lit includes determining a thesis and supporting claims; gathering facts from the work and if helpful, from secondary sources to support claims; creating a plan of organization for a first draft; writing the first draft. Revising it includes reading your draft critically. If possible, getting others to read and comment on it; rethinking the topic, plan of organization and line of reasoning; gathering more support for claims; writing further drafts. Editing lit includes producing a final draft in the format expected by your audience. Other details lTense: Describe fictional events, whether in drama, poetry, or novels, in the present tense. When you really want to emphasize an earlier action, use the past tense. lAuthors name: when you mention an author the first time, use the full name( Charles Dickens). For subsequent references, use the last name( Dickens). lSpacing: double space everything. lMargins: leave one-inch margins at the top, bottom and sides. This gives the page a “frame” and a place for corrections and comments. 较好的论文题目范例 （语言学方向） lFactors Affecting Rural Students English Listening Comprehension and Counter Measures l影响农村学生听力能力的因素以及对策 lThe Stylistic Language of Advertising Language l广告英语的文体风格 (应具体） lA Study of Coherence in Journalistic Discourse in English 新闻英语语篇的连贯 研究 lThe Effect of Word Recognition on Listening Comprehension l词汇认知对听力理解的影响(应具体） lOn the Features of Female Language in English and Chinese l论英汉语中的女性用语特点(应具体） lOn Language Transfer on Grammatical Level in SLA l论二语习得中语体层面的语言迁移 lAn Analysis of the Pragmatic Function of the English Progressive Aspect l英语动词进行体的语用分析 较好的论文题目范例 （翻译方向） lTranslation Practice under the Influence of Gender Difference l翻译实践中的性别差异 lThe naming Characteristics and Translating Strategies of Trademark 中外商标的命名特点及翻译策略 lBrief Studies on Translation of the Names of Places of Interests l浅析景点名的翻译 lThe Importance of Formal Equivalence in Translation of Ancient Chinese Poetry l中国古诗翻译中结构对等的重要性(应具体） lOn the Practical Techniques in English Idiom Translation l英语习语的翻译技巧(应具体） 较好的论文题目范例 （教学法方向） lOn the Main Factors affecting the English Listening l影响英语听力教学的主要因素（可改进） lThe Influence of Oral Anxiety in Foreign Language Learning on College Students Oral Capacity l外语学习中口语焦虑对学生口语能力的影响 lSimulative Factors about Junior Middle School Students Learning Motives l初中生学习动机的激励因素 lAnalysis of Communicative Tasks in Classroom l课题交际任务分析（可改进 ） 较好的论文题目范例 （社会文化方向） lConfucius Doctrine and Its Effect in Building Harmonious Society l儒家思想与和谐社会 （太大） lThe Study of Color Word Connotation in Both Chinese and English-with a Case of “Red“ l颜色词汇在英汉两种语言中的不同内涵：以红色为例 lThe Influence of Protestant on American in Spirit l新教对美国精神的影响（太大） 如何改进？ lCultural Differences from the Perception of Films l从电影角度看文化差异 lOn the Change of Chinese -American Womens Social Status l华裔美国妇女社会地位的变化 lthe Comparison of Differences between Chinese and American Culture in Business Etiquette l商务礼仪中的中美文化差异比较 字号要求 l为最大程度简化大家的排版难度，并与APA格式统一 ，论文全文所有的文字采用Times New Roman， 12pt （即小四）字号，所有中文采用同样字号，宋体 。包括论文封面的所有文字、所有标题。 l惟一的字号变化，是当使用大段引用时，应采用全段 左缩进二个单位（使用Word的缩进按钮），文字缩小 1.5pt，即用10.5（五号）。但对于篇幅在3000单词左 右的本科论文来说，成段引用基本上不可取，应尽量 避免。 论文封皮.doc l超级链接 目录格式.doc l建议列到二级标题 l去掉引言与结论，应至少包括三部分。即论文 至少要12345部分。 摘要、关键词格式.doc l摘要能够突出论文重点，避免出现主观表达， 如I think, in my opinion等，可以用This paper intends to , the conclusion is drawn that 等客观性句式。摘要是对整篇论文的提炼，要 简短而能概括全文。 l汉语的摘要与英文摘要对应。 l关键词在三到五个，能够串联论文的主要思路 。词与词之间用两个空格隔开，不要用标点符 号。 正文格式.doc l超级链接 参考文献（References）的格式 l网络资源： lLibrary of Congress. (1997). Library of Congress Pinyin Conversion Project ， Retrieved March，24， 2004, from /catdir/pinyin/announce.ht ml lSpratly Islands. (n.d.). Wikipedia Retrieved Nov. 23, 2006, from /topic/spratly-islands 英文作者： 按姓氏首字母顺序排列，姓在前，名在后。中间用逗号分 开， 名后面要有句点。 lNewark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translati