四六级精选阅读文章.doc

2013年四六级精选阅读文章2013年四六级阅读：研究显示快乐的人比一般人长寿35%本篇阅读材料“研究显示快乐的人比一般人长寿35%”选自今日美国(原文标题：Happy? You may live 35% longer, tracking study suggests 2011.10.31)。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步Be happy. Live longer.No, its not that simple, but new research says happy lives are longer by 35%.The study, published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that those who reported feeling happiest had a 35% reduced risk of dying compared with those who reported feeling least happy.Rather than rely on recollections about their feelings of happiness as in earlier studies, this British study of 3,853 participants ages 52-79 rated their feelings at different times on one particular day. Five years later, researchers recorded the number who died and controlled for a variety of factors, including age, gender, health, wealth, education and marital status.rely on 依靠;依赖This approach gets closer to measuring how people actually feel rather than relying on recollections or general questions about well-being, says epidemiologist Andrew Steptoe, a psychology professor at University College in London, who co-authored the study.epidemiologist n. 流行病学家How happy a person is at any point in time, he says, is a product of some background disposition; some people tend to be happier than others, but also what they are doing, who they are with, and other features of that point in time. Both are important.Its perfectly true that someones happiness over a single day will be affected by what happens to them over that period, Steptoe says. However, survey experts and psychologists have come to the view that in many ways, this is a better approach to understanding how people actually feel than asking them general questions about how happy they are. Responses to general questions are influenced strongly by personality, by what people think they ought to say and by recollections that might not be quite accurate, Steptoe says.Whats not clear, he says, is whether happy feelings are the key to longevity or if its something else that causes extended life. We cant draw the kind of final conclusion that the happiness is leading directly to better survival, he says.longevity n. 长寿;寿命draw a conclusion 下结论Others who have done research in this area but havent read the study say this link between a one-day measure and mortality is important.The fact that positive emotions in one day predicted survival is pretty amazing, says Sonja Lyubomirsky, a psychology professor at the University of California, Riverside.We do know that happiness is associated with an extended life span, she says. If we can get people to be happier, would that extend the lifespan? We dont know that yet. Future research can definitely try to show that.Arthur Stone, a professor of psychiatry and psychology at Stony Brook University in New York, who has used measurements over the course of a day in his research, says the fact that the researchers got a relationship with mortality means that the relationship must be fairly robust because they only had 3,800 people and they were only measuring the one day.psychiatry n. 精神病学robust adj. 强健的;健康的And what if some who were measured on that one day were just having a bad day?A bad day should weaken the relationship, Stone says. What its saying is there are enough people here that people having odd days didnt really matter very much. Some people had bad days and some had good days. If they had been able to measure several days with these techniques, one would guess that the relationship would be even stronger.Laura Kubzansky, an associate professor in the Department of Society, Human Development and Health, at Harvards School of Public Health in Boston, says theres a burgeoning body of work that suggests positive psychological functioning benefits health, and this study is significant because it adds to the arsenal.It could say to people, you should take your mood seriously, Kubzansky says. I think people sort of undervalue emotional life anyway. This highlights the idea that if you are going through a period where youre consistently distressed, its probably worth paying attention to how you feel it matters for both psychological and physical health.sort of 有点儿;稍稍highlight v. 突出;强调;使显著distressed adj. 痛苦的;忧虑的This study asked participants to rate how happy, excited and content they felt at four points during a single day 7 a.m., 7 p.m. and a half-hour after each. They used a rating scale from 1 (not at all) to 4 (extremely).Generally, they were less happy when they woke up and most happy at 7 p.m., Steptoe says.Question time:1. What matters to how happy a person is?2. When do people feel happiest during a single day?1. Some background disposition; some people tend to be happier than others, And what they are doing, who they are with, and other features of that point in time.2. 7 p.m.2013年四六级阅读：美国学校将网络安全与礼仪列入课程本篇阅读材料“美国学校将网络安全与礼仪列入课程”选自今日美国(原文标题：Schools add Internet etiquette, safety to coursework 2011.11.30)。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步As more students spend large chunks of study and leisure time online, schools across the USA are adding coursework focused on privacy, cyberbullying and electronic plagiarism.Many schools not only are incorporating Internet safety into lesson plans but also shifting their focus from the pervasive stranger danger message typically given to young computer users.The idea, says Principal Chris Lehmann of Philadelphias Science Leadership Academy, is teaching students to be better digital citizens. Freshmen at his public high school are required to take a course in how to watch their digital footprint in other words, to be careful what they say on the Internet.All of the drama, all of the growing up, all of the growing pains, all of the things we know happen in high school now also happen digitally, Lehmann says. Think of every mistake you made as a teenager. Now imagine making that mistake in a permanent public forum.Many schools around the country have adopted similar coursework. For instance, at Schwenksville Elementary School near Philadelphia, librarian Joan Curtis teaches fifth-graders how to recognize bogus websites using a fake but realistic Librarian of the Year site she created.At Gresham-Barlow Web Academy, a charter middle- and high school near Portland, Ore., all middle-schoolers are required to take an online safety course that covers topics including cyberbullying, plagiarism and online ethical behavior, Principal Michael Harris says.The digital training comes as research shows that Web usage is virtually ubiquitous among kids. Though most students say they generally access the Internet from home, 75% of teens say they go online at school, too.New findings show that even young children spend time online. A national survey released in October by the non-profit Common Sense Media found that 41% of children 8 and younger have access to a smartphone and 13% have spent time on social networking sites and virtual worlds.Schools teach students to be wary of whom they meet online. Harris says educators are concerned about older students as well as younger ones. Even though theyre 15, 16 years old theyre still pretty vulnerable, he says.be wary of 提防;担心be concerned about 担心;挂念vulnerable adj. 易受攻击的;易受伤害的Statistics show that online predation is rare a Harvard study sponsored by attorneys general in all 50 states found that being online increases the availability of harmful, problematic and illegal content but does not always increase minors exposure. It said kids most at risk are those who often engage in risky behaviors and have difficulties in other parts of their lives.spo