词性转换规律.pptx

词性转换规律 临川二中 孙如峰 英语词性/形的重要性 英语是重形的分析语,英语的多变在 于其有严密的语法结构与多变的句型。句型 结构多变的原因之一,是词性/形多变。词性 变化导致句子结构变化。 新考高考模式下对词性的要求加大。 如语法填空，改错都涉及到词性转换。书面 表达同样要求准确表达。 基本单词词性的掌握有利于类推词性 扩大词汇量 很可怕吗？ 词性转换主要涉及n. v. adj. adv.转换及部 分pron. num. 的变形。 考察的是考纲基本词汇的变形。 应对策略： 基本词的派生要熟悉，多读。 了解词性派生的基本规律。 常见词性转换考法（语法填空和改错 ） 1. V. n. adj. V. 2.Adj. adv. n. Adj. v. opp.adj 常见词性转换规律 1. adjn. 的常见后缀 -ness Eg，happyhappiness kindness sickness sadness carefulness -(t)y 常加在t结尾的adj后。Eg， certainty royalty loyalty novelty safety difficulty modesty honesty ； delivery discovery recovery bravery -ity 加ity在r结尾的adj后。Eg，popularity ， similarity majority minority familiarity maturity sincerity necessity poorpoverty creativity curiosity diversity variety society adjn. 的常见后缀 ent/antence/ance. Eg, present-presence absence silence difference patience intelligence confidence diligence evident-evidence importance significance distance ent-ency efficiency fluency frequency currency emergency urgency accuracy -able-ability possibility responsibility adjn. 的常见后缀 -dom wisdom boredom freedom kingdom -th warmth truth depth width birth death growth length strength height weight complaint v.n.的常见后缀 -ment Eg，amazement amusement entertainment excitement astonishment arrangement judgement argument achievement development adjustment punishment publishment employment -(at)ion. prediction adoption adaptation education reflection attraction action rejection consideration combination exploration publication imitation implication simplification creation relaxation fixation occupation starvation observation motivation impression expression depression realization organization 特例 compare comparison obey-obligation satisfaction recognition application Laughter v.n.的常见后缀 -ance 加动词后appearance assistance resistance acceptance reliance ignorance preference reference occurrence consequence d(e)结尾的动词变为sion。decide -decision conclusion persuasion division inclusion expansion explosion d-se applause response ve/se结尾的动词变为val/sal。survival arrival approval proposal refusal disposal Belivebelief relieve-relief -age postage package carriage storageshortage 特例的少数情况 Angry anger hungry hunger Permission submission admission omission pleasepleasure failure pressure mixture scribe结尾的变为ption。 Description subscription absorption sume变sumption consumption assumption resumption 变adj -y cloudy sunny funny rainy snowy stormy muddy messy dirty dusty thirsty greedy -al seasonal cultural natural national original emotional mental professional occasional accidental -cal physical magical logical magical、 medical -cial racial facial beneficial financial artificial essential influencial social -ic basic scientific energetic economic historic electric scenic optimistic pessimistic 变adj -ful/less joyful cheerful wonderful successful thoughtful grateful painful useful harmful helpful colorful meaningful hopeful pitiful merciful careful homeless endless jobless 变adj -able 多加在动词后变能够. acceptable suitable reliable adjustable adaptable adoptable unbelievable unforgettable unacceptable unpredictable honorable renewable Considerable - ous dangerous curious cautious humorous glorious various -ive impressive decisive persuasive attractive creative protective supportive 变adj （动词后加ed或ing） -ing surprising exciting disappointing interesting amazing amusing inspiring moving inviting charming encouraging inspiring challenging understanding lacking outstanding Energy/time-saving/consuming peace-loving long- lasting easy-going good-looking -ed surprised excited disappointed interested amazed amused inspired moved unexpected admitted hurried undoubted unemployed appointed talented、gifted open-minded warm- hearted absent-minded open-ended man-made 变动词的后缀 en- un- -ize -(i)fy -en enrich enable enlarge ensure endanger encourage unload uncover unfold unpack uncage unlock realize, organize recognize apologize,modernize simplify beautify satisfy clarify classify identify purify deepen broaden widen shorten lengthen threaten 常见特定含义的前缀 Dis- disobey disappear dislike disagree disorder disadvantage Mis- mistake misuse mislead misread misunderstand Re- retell rewrite rebuild replace recycle reuse Pre- preview predict preread preschool unfold, unlock uncage 形容词变副词一般规律: 通常是加ly. 请记住以下口诀：一般直接 加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。 一般情况直接加“ly”, (含以e结尾的和l结尾的形 容词) quickly/recently/sadly;fortunately/widely/wis ely/immediately/safely/politely/sincerely/ bravely, carefully/faithfully/peacefully, really/totally/naturally/fianlly/ especially; hopefully与 hopelessly hurriedly, suddenly, 特 例true-truly Adj-adv 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如： simple-simply; possible-possibly; probable-probably; terrible- terribly; gentle-gently; comfortable -comfortably 以-ll结尾时，只须加 y full-fully, dull-dully; Adj-adv 以辅音加“y”结尾的，将