考点14 倒装结构-2018年中考英语语法考点纵览.doc

中考英语语法考点纵览 14倒装结构一、倒装概述1、倒装的定义：由于句子结构的需要或为了表示强调，把全部谓语或者部分谓语置于主语前面的结构形式，称之为倒装句。2、倒装的分类：完全倒装：谓语动词完全移到主语之前。部分倒装：只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。二、倒装结构考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：倒装句的作用和意义考点1：适应一定语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。典型例句May I come in? 我可以进来吗？Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927? 中国人民解放军是1927年成立的吗？考点2：为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。典型例句Never have I been late for school this term. 这学期我从来没有迟到过。So early did he come to school that no other students came. 他来学校如此的早以至于还没有学生来。考点二：完全倒装结构（只用于一般现在时和一般过去时）考点1：here, there, out, in, up, down, off等表地点、方位的副词或介词词组位于句首时, 用完全倒装。典型例句Heres Tom. 汤姆在这里。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。There are some books on the table. 桌上有几本书.Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。注意：主语是代词时，不用倒装。Here you are. 给你。There she goes. 他去那里了。考点2：now, then等表示时间的副词放在句首时，用完全倒装结构。典型例句Now comes our turn. 现在轮到我们了。Then came the firemen. 后来消防员来了。考点3：分词放在句首时，用完全倒装结构。典型例句Gone are the days when the working people suffered from cold and hunger. 工人们挨冻挨饿的日子已经过去了。Attending the meeting are all the members of the committee. 所有的居委会成员都参加了会议。考点三：部分倒装结构考点1：部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。考点2：否定副词never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means等置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。典型例句Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。考点3：含有 no的副词短语如：in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time, under/in no circumstances, on no condition等置于句首时也要倒装。典型例句By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In (Under) no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他.In no time did he work out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。考点4：only 加状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装结构。典型例句Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。考点5：so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句。典型例句He can sing English songs, and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。You are young, and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music, and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。You arent young, and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it, and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。注意：“so+主语+谓语”结构表示同意。It was cold yesterday. So it was. “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”Father, you promised. Well, so I did. “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”注意：若别人说的既有肯定、又有否定或用了不止一种动词时，则用So it is with me.He was born in Beijing and lives in Shanghai. So it is with me. 他出生在北京，生活在上海。我也是。考点6：在“sothat”和“suchthat”引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用“sosuch + adj + 主语+谓语”的倒装形式。典型例句Such is life that everyone can understand this. 生活就是这样,每个人都明白这一点。 So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。考点7：当not onlybut also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式。典型例句Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。3、 巩固训练( ) 1. Look,_.A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coningC. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming( ) 2. Where is Kate? Look, _, she is at the school gate.A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is( ) 3. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. In the teacher came. B. In did come the teacher.C. In did the teacher come. D. In came the teacher.( ) 4. Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush( ) 5. So carelessly _that he almost killed himself.A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive( ) 6. Early in the day _the news that the enemy were gone.A. come B. came C. comes D. coming( ) 7. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_ them well.A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn( ) 8. Only after liberation _ to be treated as human beings.A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun( ) 9. Not only _ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.A. he was forcing B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced( ) 10. Never before _ seen such a stupid man.A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I( ) 11. Rarely _such a silly thing.A. have I heard of B. I have heard ofC. am I heard of D. had I heard of( ) 12. Little _ about his own health though he was very ill.A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares( ) 13. Only when _ in the afternoon_ able to leave.A. the match was over; they wereB. was the match over; were theyC. was the match over; they wereD. the match was over; were they( ) 14. Hardly _ down when he stepped in.A. had I sat B. did I sit C. have I sat D. I had sat( ) 15. She did not see Smith. _.A. Neither did I B. Nor didnt I C. Neither I did D. So didnt I答案解析1.选C。here comes the bus表示“公交车来了”，副词here提前，后面用完全倒装结构。2.选A。主语时代词she，所以不用倒装结构，用there she is的形式。3.选D