新福突破口TPO1-24听力原文文本全集.doc

新福突破口TPO（1-24）听力原文文本全集TPO 1 Conversation 15TPO 1 Lecture 1 Contemporary art6TPO 1 Lecture2 Geology7TPO 1 Conversation 28TPO 1 Lecture 3 Archeology9TPO 1 Lecture 4 Biology11TPO2 Conversation 112TPO2 Lecture 1 Philosophy13TPO2 Lecture 2 Psychology14TPO 2 Conversation 215TPO2 Lecture 3 Philosophy17TPO 2 Lecture 4 Astronomy18TPO 3 Conversation 119TPO 3 Lecture 1 Environmental science20TPO 3 Lecture 2 Film history21TPO 3 Conversation 223TPO 3 Lecture 3 Art History24TPO 3 Lecture 4 Astronomy25TPO 4 Conversation 126TPO 4 Lecture 1 Biology27TPO 4 Lecture 2 Literature29TPO 4 Conversation 230TPO 4 Lecture 3 Geology31TPO 4 Lecture 4 United States government32TPO-5 Conversation 134TPO 5 Lecture 1 Sociology35TPO 5 Lecture 2 Astronomy36TPO 5 Conversation 238TPO 5 Lecture 3 Chemistry39TPO 5 Lecture 4 Literature40TPO 6 Conversation42TPO 6 Lecture 1 Economics43TPO 6 Lecture 2 Biology44TPO 6 Conversation 245TPO 6 Lecture 3 Creative Writing47TPO 6 Lecture 4 Earth Science48TPO 7 Conversation 149TPO 7 Lecture 1 Theater History50TPO 7 Lecture 2 Biology52TPO 7 Conversation53TPO 7 Lecture 3 Anthropology53TPO 7 Lecture 4 Geology55TPO 8 Conversation 156TPO 8 Lecture 1 Animal Behavior56TPO 8 Lecture 2 Art History57TPO 8 Conversation 259TPO 8 Lecture 3 History60TPO8 Lecture 4 Chemistry61TPO 9 Conversation 162TPO 9 Lecture 1 Theater63TPO 9 Lecture 2 Environmental Science64TPO 9 Conversation 265TPO 9 Lecture 3 Geology66TPO 9 Lecture 4 Linguistic68TPO 10 Conversation 169TPO 10 Lecture 1 Marine Biology70TPO10 Lecture 2 European History71TPO1072TPO10 Lecture 3 Ecology74TPO10 Lecture 4 Psychology75TPO 11 Conversation 176TPO11 Lecture 1 Biology78TPO11 Lecture 2 Architecture79TPO 11 Conversation281TPO11 Lecture 3 Environmental science82TPO11 Lecture 4 Business84TPO 12 Conversation 185TPO12 Lecture 1 Biology86TPO12 Lecture 2 Business87TPO 12 Conversation 289TPO 12 Lecture 3 Music history90TPO12 Lecture 4 Environmental science92TPO 13 Conversation 193TPO 13 Lecture 1 City planning95TPO 13 Lecture 2 Ecology96TPO 13 Conversation 298TPO 13 Lecture 3 Poetry99TPO 13 Lecture 4 Astronomy101TPO 14 Conversation 1102TPO 14 Lecture 1 Psychology103TPO 14 Lecture 2 Biology104TPO 14 Conversation 2106TPO 14 Lecture 3 Astronomy107TPO 14 Lecture 4 Archeology108TPO 15 Conversation 1110TPO 15 Lecture 1 Psychology111TPO 15 Lecture 2 Geology113TPO 15 Conversation 2114TPO 15 Lecture 3 Art History115TPO 15 Lecture 4 Biology116TPO 16 Script Conversation1118TPO 16 Script Lecture 1119TPO 16 Script Lecture 2121TPO 16 Script Conversation 2122TPO 16 Script Lecture 3123TPO 16 Script Lecture 4125TPO 17 Conversation 1126TPO 17 Lecture 1 Art History(Prehistoric Art Dating)127TPO 17 Lecture 2 Environmental Science(Milankovitch Hypothesis)129TPO 17 Conversation 2130TPO 17 Lecture 3 History(Ancient Egyptian Calendar)131TPO 17 Lecture 4 Biology(Octopus)133TPO-18 Conversation 1134TPO 18 Lecture 1 Astronomy135TPO 18 Lecture 2 Art History136TPO 18 Conversation 2137TPO 18 Lecture 3 European History138TPO 18 Lecture 4 Biology139TPO 19 Conversation 1140TPO 19 Lecture 1 Linguistics(Proto-Indo-European)141TPO 19 Lecture 2 Astronomy(Radio Astronomy & Optical Astronomy)142TPO 19 Conversation 2144TPO 19 Lecture 3 Marine Biology(Plant Life in Salt Marshes)145TPO 19 Lecture 4 Art History(Cecilia Beaux)146TPO20 Section1 Conversation1-Student&Librarian147TPO20 Lecture1-Linguistics(Gricean Maxims)149TPO20 Lecture2-Environmental Science(Interglacial Periods)150TPO20 Section2 Conversation2-Student&Professor151TPO20 Lecture3-Literature(Folktales)153TPO20 Lecture4-Biology(Snowshoe Hare)154TPO-21 Conversation1155TPO 21 Lecture 1 Astronomy(Geocentric&Heliocentric theory)156TPO21 Lecture 2 Computer Science(Software Development)158TPO21 Conversation 2159TPO21 Lecture3 Biology(Snake Evolution)160TPO21 Lecture 4 Art History(Alice Neel)161TPO 22 Conversation 1 (Faculty Advisor)162TPO22 Lecture 1 (Anthropology)163TPO22 Lecture 2 (Astronomy)164TPO22 Conversation 2 (Professor)166TPO22 Lecture 3 (Zoology)167TPO22 Lecture 4 (Music History)168TPO 23 CONVERSATION 1169TPO23 Lecture l- Archaeology (Antikythera (Mechanism)170TPO23 Lecture2 - Environmental Science (Earth Budget)171TPO 23 Conversation 2172TPO23 Lecture3 Biology (Dolphins)173TPO23 Lecture4 Choreography (Screen Dance)174TPO 24 Conversation l Student & Clerk in the Bookstore176TPO 24 Lecture l-Biology (Crocodile Vocalization)177TPO 24 Lecture2-Art History (Modern Dance)178TPO 24 Conversation 2一Student & Geography Professor179TPO 24 Lecture3-Archaeology (Megafauna in North America)180TPO 24 Lecture4-Astronomy (Shield Volcanoes on Venus)181182 / 182TPO 1 Conversation 1NarratorListen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.StudentHi, um, I really hope you can help me.LibrarianThats why Im here. What can I do for you?StudentIm supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but um having a hard time finding articles. I dont even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so thats already a good start. Hmmm well, therere a few things oh wait have you checked to see if your professor put any material for you to look at on reserve?StudentAha, thats one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.LibrarianLets get you going on looking for those then. We have printed versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are the ones published within the last year. Then I think about it theres a journal named Sleep and Dream.StudentOh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so Ive got to look at other sources.LibrarianOk, actually, most of our materials are available electronically now. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the librarys computers, and if you want to search by title with the word dream for example, just type it in and all the articles with dream in the title will come up on the screen.StudentCool, thats great! Too bad I cannot do this from home.LibrarianBut you can. All of the librarys databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.StudentReally?! I cant believe I didnt know that. It still sounds like its going to take a while though, you know, going through all of that information, all of those sources.LibrarianMaybe, but you already narrow your search down to articles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldnt be too bad. And you probably notice that theres an abstract or summary at the top of the first page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen, skimming those to decide whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down some time.StudentRight, abstracts! Theyll definitely make the project more durable. I guess I should try out the electronic search while Im still here then, you know, just in case.LibrarianSure, er that computers free over there, and Ill be here till five this afternoon.StudentThanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.TPO 1 Lecture 1 Contemporary artListen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.ProfessorOk, Im going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. Its already started in fact, but itll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzens work may be unfamiliar to you since shes a relatively young artist. But shes got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists weve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzens style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So youve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?StudentWell, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Umthe basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didnt depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.ProfessorGood. What else? What were the subjects?StudentWell, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.ProfessorGood. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. Its a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzens style. Its an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. Its kind of bleak, which you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors arent quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well, in a natural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak, winter day on a farm. So thats the impressionist side of her work. Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work-that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too. So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzens work?StudentUm real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.ProfessorGood. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the womans face is so realistic looking that its almost like a photograph. The womans nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, its all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant colors. Theres lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out. I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But heres a little bit about Rose Frantzens life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course, its not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other peoples portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more series of art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But whats important is that you keep at it that you dont give up. Thats what is really important to remember. TPO 1 Lecture2 GeologyListen to part of a lecture in a geology class.ProfessorOk, lets get started. Great. Today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to determine how old a piece of land, or some other geologic feature is - dating techniques. Im going to talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is a key to good analysis. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation was formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. Its fundamental. Um Take the Grand Canyon for instance. Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago. Before it solidified, it was just regular sand. Essentially it was part of a vast desert. And until just recently, most of us thought the sand had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. Thats been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time. But now weve learned something different, and quite surprising, using a technique called Uranium-Lead Dating. I should say that Uranium-Lead Dating has been around for quite a while. But there have been some recent refinements. I will get into this in a minute. Anyway, Uranium-Lead Dating has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian Mountains. Thats really eye-opening news, since the Appalachian Mountain Range is, of course, thousands of kilometers to the east of the Grand Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course, the obvious question is how did that sand end up so far west? The theory is that huge rivers and wind carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was already there. Well, this was a pretty revolutionary finding. Um and it was basically because of Uranium-Lead Dating. Why? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type within sandstone, meaning the actual particles in the sandstone, to determine where it came from. You can do other things too, like look at the wind or water that brought the grains to their location and figure out which way it was flowing. But thats only useful up to a point, and thats not what these two geologists did. Uranium-Lead Dating allowed them to go about it in an entirely different way. What they did was: they looked at the grains of Zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains radioactive Uranium, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zircon starts off as molten magma, the hot larva from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Zircon crystallizes, the Uranium inside it begins to change into Lead. So if you measure the amount of Lead in the Zircon grain, you can figure out when the grain was formed. After that, you can determine the age of Zircon from different mountain ranges. Once you do that, you can compare the age of the Zircon in the sandstone in your sample to the age of the Zircon in the mountains. If the age of the Zircon matches the age of one of the mountain ranges, then it means the sandstone actually used to be part of that particular mountain range. Is everybody with me on that? Good. So, in this case, Uranium-Lead Dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountains was formed. So because of this, this new way of doing Uranium-Lead Dating, weve been able to determine that one of our major assumptions about the Grand Canyon was wrong. Like I said before, Uranium-Lead Dating has been with us for a while. But, um until recently, in order to do it, you really had to study many individual grains. And it took a long time before you got results. It just wasnt very efficient. And it wasnt very accurate. But technical advances have cut down on the number of grains you have to study, so you get your results faster. So Ill predict that Uranium-Lead Dating is going to become an increasingly popular dating method. There are a few pretty exciting possibilities for Uranium-Lead Dating. Here is one that comes to mind. You know the theory that earths continents were once joined together and only split apart relatively recently? Well, with Uranium-Lead Dating, we could prove that more conclusively. If they show evidence of once having been joined, that could really tell us a lot about the early history of the planets geology.TPO 1 Conversation 2NarratorListen to part of a conversation between a student and his professor.ProfessorHi Mathew, Im glad you can come in today. Youve been observing Mr. Grables third-grade class for your approaches to education paper, right?StudentHmmm, yes. I go over the Johnson Elementary School, you know, to watch Mr. Grable teach the children in class. Its been amazing, I mean, Im just learning so much from just watching him. Im so glad the classroom observations are a requirement for the education program. I mean its like the best thing ever to prepare you to be a good teacher.ProfessorWell, Im glad to see you feel that way, Mathew. You know, thats the goal