2019中央电大2019年大学语文形成性考核册作业1-2参考答案.doc

大学语文形成性考核册答案大学语文作业1一、名词解释1、司马迁：司马迁（公元前145或前135前87？），字子长，西汉夏阳（今陕西韩城县）人，是我国历史上著名的史学家和文学家。2、祭文：祭文是祭祀或祭奠时对死者(或神)的朗读的文章，祭文重在一个“情”字。3、莎士比亚：莎士比亚：（15641616）英国文艺复兴时期戏剧家，人文主义文学杰出代表，他有37部剧作流传下来，其中罗密欧与朱丽叶、威尼斯商人、亨利四世以及被誉为大悲剧的哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白最为著名，这些作品都以情节的丰富性、语言的生动性而“超越时代”，成为不可企及的戏剧典范。莎士比亚的创作标志着近代戏剧的成熟。4、诗经：诗经为我国第一部诗歌总集，共收录周初至春秋末叶大约五百年间的诗歌三百零五篇，分为风雅颂三大类。“风”是民歌，一百六十篇，因分采于十五个国家和地区，故称“十五国风”；“雅”为西周京畿乐歌，分为大雅与小雅，一百零五篇；“颂”为庙堂祭祀乐歌，四十篇。它从不同方面反映了社会生活与精神面貌，奠定了我国诗歌的现实注意传统。二、翻译晋灵公不行君道。增加赋税来往墙上涂饰彩绘。从高台上用弹弓射人，观看人们躲避弹弓并以次为乐。厨师炖熊掌因为不熟，被杀后，放于畚（植物枝条编成的筐篓器物）中，命人用车装着经过朝廷。赵盾，土季看到厨师的手，问明原因后担心灵公无道杀人的事。准备进忠言，土季说：“劝告而不接受柬言，就没有人继续向您进柬了。”我（土季）先去劝柬，如果不行，你再去。（土季）往前走一步，伏地行一次礼，这样走三次，来到檐下，灵公先是假装没看见，后来不得已才理睬他，说：“我已经知道错了，会改掉的。”土季恭敬的行礼后说：“谁不犯错误呢！知道错误而进行改正，善事里没有哪个能比这个更大了。诗中说没有哪个事没有开始，但很少有终。如果您象这样，能够弥补过错的人很少。你如果能够有始有终，则国家社稷进而稳固，岂仅仅是群臣有所依靠。又比如周宣王有了过错，只有仲山甫来弥补。如果您（天子）能够补救过失，您的君位就不会失去了。”晋灵公仍然不进行改正。宣子多次进柬。灵公讨厌赵盾，谴使刺客杀赵盾。早晨，寝室的门打开后，穿戴好朝服准备上朝，看时间还早，和衣闭目养神。刺客退出后，感叹说：“不能不恭敬啊，百姓的好官，杀一个好官，是不忠；不完成天子的命令，是不信。在这不忠不信中占有一样，不如死啊！”撞槐树自杀了。在九月的秋天，晋灵公赏赐赵盾喝酒，埋伏的兵丁准备将其击杀。赵盾的车右提弥明知道后，快步走上殿堂说：“做臣子的侍灵公饮酒已经超过三杯，再多将有失礼数了。”就扶者赵盾走下殿堂了。晋灵公呼唤猛犬咬赵盾。提弥明徒手同猛犬进行搏斗，打死了猛犬。赵盾说：“废弃忠良，用猛犬，恶犬虽然凶猛有什么呢。”一边打一边出去，提弥明为赵盾而死。年初，赵盾在首山打猎，住在翳桑。见到了饥饿的灵辄，问他得的是什么病，说：“我已经三天没有吃饭了。”吃完饭后，留下了一半。问他为什么，说：“给贵族做奴仆三年了，不知道母亲是否还在，现在离家近了，留下的一半给她吃。赵盾让他都吃了。并且该他预备了一篮饭和一些肉，放在口袋了给了他。不久做了晋灵公的甲士”把兵器倒过来挡住了灵公的卫兵们。使赵盾免于受害。问他是什么原因，说：“翳桑的那个饿人。”问他姓名住处，不肯把姓名住址告诉给赵盾，就走了，于是逃亡了，因为他是晋灵公的卫兵，不能再呆下去了。宣公二年九月二十六日，赵穿在桃院杀了灵公。赵盾出奔还没有走出晋国，听到灵公被杀就回来了。晋太史董狐说：“赵穿杀了君”。要宣示给别人看。宣子说：“不一定”。对话说：“你是正卿，逃亡不出国境，返回朝廷后不讨伐杀死国君的人，不是你杀的是谁杀的？”赵盾说“呜呼！我怀念祖国，反而给自己留下了后患。大概就是指我这样的人说的吧！”孔子说：“董狐，是一个好的良史，只述事实。赵盾，是好的正卿啊，只是要承担一定的责任啊！可惜，没有避免了弑君的名号啊！”大学语文作业2一、名词解释1、鲁迅：鲁迅（18811936），本名周樟寿，后改名为周树人，浙江绍兴人。伟大的文学家、思想家、革命家，中国现代文学的奠基人。2、史记：史记是我国第一部纪传体通史，它记述了上自传说中的五帝下至汉武帝时期大约三千年的历史，是研究我过古代社会的重要历史文献。3、冰心：冰心，原名谢婉莹，原籍福建长乐。现代散文家、小说家、诗人、儿童文学作家。冰心是我国新文学运动中涌现出的第一批现代作家，是其中最知名的女作家之一，为文学研究会的重要成员。现代文学史和当代文学史上最有影响的散文家之一。4、左传左传是我国古代一部编年体的历史著作。西汉初称左氏春秋。后又称春秋左氏传。左传是春秋左氏传的简称。二、默写徐志摩再别康桥再别康桥作者：徐志摩轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来；我轻轻的招手，作别西边的云彩。那河畔的金柳，是夕阳中的新娘；波光里的艳影，在我的心头荡漾。软泥上的青荇，油油的在水底招摇；在康河的柔波里，我甘心做一条水草。那榆荫下的一潭，不是清泉，是天上虹，揉碎在浮藻间，沉淀着彩虹似的梦。寻梦？撑一支长篙，向青草更青处漫溯，满载一船星辉，在星辉斑斓里放歌。但我不能放歌，悄悄是离别的笙箫；夏虫也为我沉默，沉默是今晚的康桥！悄悄的我走了，正如我悄悄的来；我挥一挥衣袖，不带走一片云彩。三、分析题：1.怎样理解下面汗姆雷特中的两段名言警句？（1）引文：人是一件多么了不起的杰作、多么高贵的理性、多么伟大的力量，多么优美的仪表，多么文雅的举动。在行动上，多么像一个天使，宇宙的精华，万物的灵长！可在我看来，不过是泥土捏成的生命，人类再也不能使我产生任何兴趣了！分析：精神危机使哈姆雷特对人类的看法由歌颂赞美一变而为厌恶、轻蔑。标志着他思想的巨大转变。（2）引文：我近来不知为了什么缘故，一点兴致都提不起来，什么游乐的事都懒得过问；在这样一种抑郁的心境之下，仿佛浮载万物的大地，这一座美好的框架，只是一个不毛的荒谷，这个覆盖众生的苍穹，这一顶壮丽的帷幕，这个点缀着金色火球的庄严地屋宇，只是一堆污浊瘴气的集合。世界，就是一座大监狱，而丹麦，又是其中最坏的一间。分析：精神危机，同样使汗姆雷特对世界也由歌颂赞美一变而为痛恨、诅咒。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Shanghais Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the citys history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghais other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the citys history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in peoples living conditions. Where the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissancestyle. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf where dinner and afternoonteaare available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees.Yuanmingyuan Road behind the complex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for commercialfashionphoto shoots. New Tianan Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place thats more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot ofmovies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because its the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. Its like a family tradition, says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle, says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories were set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but also pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. Suzhou Creek in my memory is dark and smelly. I used to go to the riverbank to watch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little girl. We didnt know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall, says Huang Qi, a 57-year-old Shanghai resident. So the residential houses along the creek were unpopular, and only migrants with low incomes would live in that area, she says. However, things have changed. The plants were closed and turned into riverside parks and the apartments in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous former Saint Johns University, Chinas first-ever modern institution of higher education established by missionaries from the United States in 1879. The buildings combine Chinese and Western elemen