毕业论文-基于Android系统平台的搬家公司APP设计【终.docx

湖南警察学院毕业论文基于Android系统的搬家APP设计摘要2Abstract21.绪论31.1研究背景31.2研究的目的与意义42.基于Android系统的APP设计相关知识与技术52.1 Android 应用程序架构简介52.2 MyEclipse 环境介绍63.APP软件框架总体设计63.1 系统需求分析63.2 系统模块构成73.3 系统主要流程图83.4 Android 位置服务相关类库103.5 核心代码的详细设计113.5.1 登录模块代码实现113.5.2 与远程数据库交互代码实现114.结语12参考文献：13致 谢14基于Android系统的搬家APP设计摘要：随着网络规模和用户数量的迅速扩大，应用信息系统的不断丰富，移动互联网络环境已经出现翻天覆地的转变。21世纪以来随着中国经济的高速发展，城镇人口出现了爆炸式的增长，城市的发展面临着诸多问题，而人口的迁移是社会发展的一个主要内容，搬家行业的发展正是社会高速发展的一个主要特色。移动设备作为一种新的媒介，在人类生活中开始扮演着重要的角色。APP 作为移动设备功能的扩展，开始受到越来越多用户的关注，本文基于Android系统设计了一款搬家APP，按照软件需求，分析了搬家APP的需求。然后，给出了搬家APP的总体设计，包括系统平台选择、软件结构设计、系统功能模块划分和数据结构设计等。关键词：Android系统；搬家；APP；系统框架；移动终端Abstract:With the rapid expansion of network size and the number of users, the application of information system and constantly enrich the mobile Internet environment has been changed turn the world upside down. Since the beginning of the 21st century with the rapid development of Chinas economy, the urban population the explosive growth, the development of the city faced with many problems, and migration of the population is one of the main contents of social development, moving the industry development is an essential feature of the high speed development of the society. The mobile device as a new medium in human life play an important role. Extended APP as mobile devices, users began to receive more and more attention, this paper designs a Android system based on moving APP, according to the software demand level, analyzes the moving demand of APP. Then, given the overall design of moving APP, including the selection of the system platform, software system structure design, function modules and data structure design.Key words:Android System; house-moving; APP; system framework; mobile terminal1.绪论1.1研究背景1969年9月，美国国防部的Defense Advanced Program开创了当今互联网的雏形ARPANET（阿帕网），从此，人类社会发展史进入了一个全新的篇章，互联网这样一种新型产业在全球各个国家各个地区开始飞速发展。在经过半个世纪的摸索和发展创新，互联网改变世界的同时，也大大改变了人类传统的生活方式，社交网络、信息管理、电子商务、位置服务、云计算服务等互联网新兴产品开始被社会各界追捧。人类日常生活已经完全无法离开互联网，也正因为如此，21 世纪又叫做互联网时代。 在新世纪开始，互联网的发展并没有停止。移动电信技术的成熟，让中国的移动通信技术也得到了迅速发展，3G 技术(第三代移动通信技术)在中国已经普及，4G 技术(第四代移动通信技术)正在被大力推广，推动了中国移动互联网这个新兴产业的蓬勃发展。继计算机和互联网后，移动互联网成为 IT 行业发展的第三次浪潮向人类袭来。移动互联网产品的多样化、社交化、本地化、位置化、移动互联化以及用户体验化特性吸引了大量用户，用户开始去越来越多的使用和依赖各种移动互联网产品。随着移动互联网产业的发展，同时也促使很多互联网公司投入大量的资本去进行移动互联网产品（APP）的设计和开发。随着移动互联网产品（APP）的发展，在网上可以轻松下载大量的各种各样的应用软件，因此手机上网的用户体验和过去相比发生了变化，吸引了越来越多的人使用智能手机上网。中国互联网络信息中心于 2013 年7 月中旬发布的第 32 次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告表明，截止2013 年上半年，中国的网民数已经接近 6 亿，相比 2012 年底时，在半年内就提高了 2500 万人。互联网的发展迅速也是移动互联网的普及率在逐年递增。有报告指出，在新增加的网民中，绝大多数网民采用的是用智能手机进行上网，其比例高达七成，明显超过使用其他终端设备（比如电脑、平板笔记本等）进行上网的网民输了。在移动互联网发展的同时，中国的使用智能手机上网的网民数量已经超过4亿，而且还有很大的增长空间。新一代通信技术（移动4G）的推广和智能手机功能以及APP产品用户体验的不断改进，使得中国智能手机网民数量的迅速增加。用户对手机依赖的同时，也对移动终端APP提出了更多的要求，需要更多的APP软件来满足用户的生活。手机终端对互联网的资源访问是不受时间地点的限制的，传统的计算机应用也慢慢转变为手机终端设备的智能APP应用。手机智能化的的发展也使用户将原来在计算机终端上处理的工作转移到手机设备上来操作实现。同城货运这个行当也正在被移动互联网所改造。而传统的同城货运行业中，出现了很多问题：（1）信息化不完整。用户要找司机的时候一般有两种途径，一种是通过百度、赶集网等线上信息聚合平台；另一种则是直接在市场上寻找司机，从信息到交易转化率低。（2）价格和服务缺乏标准化。一个司机一个价、一个司机一个服务，想找到性价比高且服务好的司机不容易。（3）效率低。货运的返程空驶率高，不管在城际货运还是同城货运中都是一个棘手的问题。大部分司机都会把空驶费加到货运费用中，这使得用户要承担的货运成本大大增加。1.2研究的目的与意义 本文研究的目的是在掌握移动智能移动APP发展的最新动态的基础上，结合实际工作需要和社会发展的需求分析，以 Eclipse 和Android SDK等作为编程开发工具，综合设计了一款基于Android 系统平台的搬家公司平台，该系统全面考虑用户的需要，通过综合调度管理实时中的资源移动分享模块，从而实现货主和搬家公司通过 Android 手机终端进行空车发布、预约订车、汇报路况等主要功能，有效减少了客户和司机的交通成本，同时也为交通管理部门的监管和城市交通资源的合理分配提供帮助。首先，“搬家公司平台”APP可以提供搬家行业有关的最新资讯、动态信息，。此外，“搬家公司平台”APP还是一个移动的电商，供应与求购交易在线均可轻松实现。同时，“搬家公司平台”APP设置了会员登录、会员注册等诸多功能，所有使用者都可以免费注册为会员，享受便捷的搬家服务。在移动智能终端上提供一个信息服务平台，将同城直送的信息对接给司机和用户两端，整合社会上的车辆及司机资源来实现同城间的配送，旨在解决用户家具搬运，商家用户货物运载、交收派货时的用车需求。2.基于Android系统的APP设计相关知识与技术Android是Google公司于2007年11月宣布的基于Linux内核平台的开源移动操作系统的名称，该平台由操作系统、中间件、用户界面和应用软件组成。本文基于 Android 平台开发搬家APP。本章首先描述 Android 的特点和系统架构，然后简要介绍基于Android平台的集成开发环境。2.1 Android 应用程序架构简介Android 是Google公司推出的以Linux为基础建构的手机操作系统，深入研究其体系架构，可以发现其包含四个主要层次，如下表2.1所示。表 2.1 Android体系架构主要层次表层数名称构成主要功能第一层最底层的Linux内核采用的是Linux内核2.6版本包括硬件的驱动、网络、电源、以及系统安全和内存管理等第二层Library 函数库大多数开放源代码的函数库所组成，包括标准的 C 函数库Libc 、 OpenSSL 、SQLite、WebKit 函数库以及 OpenGL众多的函数库和 Android Runtime函数库的作用是提供 Android 特有的 Java 内核函数库以及常用图形函数库和操作系统开发使用的函数库第三层Application Framework（应用软件架构）重要的 Framework API开发者进行设计架构使用的 API，包括显示功能（按钮、内嵌式浏览器），消息提示功能（访问信息、分享信息），提示信息（显示警告信息），位置管理等都是常见的API第四层Java 应用程序Android 应用程序运行于 Android 系统之上的应用程序集合。典型应用例如 Google Maps，Email，浏览器等应用程序2.2 MyEclipse 环境介绍MyEclipse 是一个十分优秀的用于开发Java，J2EE的Eclipse插件集合，MyEclipse的功能非常强大，支持也十分广泛，尤其是对各种开源产品的支持十分不错。MyEclipse目前支持Java Servlet，AJAX，JSP，JSF，Struts，Spring，Hibernate，EJB3，JDBC数据库链接工具等多项功能。可以说MyEclipse几乎囊括了目前所有主流开源产品的专属eclipse开发工具。3.APP软件框架总体设计3.1 系统需求分析近年来，随着移动互联网技术的飞速发展，使得人们获取各种信息的工具和手段都发生了显著的变化，Android智能手机的迅速普及，使得“互联网+”的理念应用于很多的商业应用中。针对搬家APP，运用先进互联网、移动互联网以及物联网等技术，通过线上和线下的结合，搭建一个可以为有搬家需求的单位、家庭及个人在线上提供搬家信息、交流、预约和购买服务，线下享受专业化、标准化、人性化搬家服务的O2O综合服务平台。下面我们详细介绍本文设计的基于 Android 平台的搬家系统APP的功能需求并简单介绍下非功能需求。l 功能需求：1. 客户：一般为有搬家需求的单位、家庭以及个人。主要提供注册、登录系统，地图定位信息，提交订单，订单备注，查询信息，报表生成等服务。2. 管理者：一般指搬家公司管理人员，手机APP连接搬家公司后台服务器，实时的更新客户订单信息提供给公司管理人员。3. 系统模块：完成用户注册，登录信息检查，支持与远程数据库的连接，响应处理用户的请求。l 非功能需求：1. 系统最大支持并发操作数量1000人；2. 系统保证24小时提供服务；3. 系统处理信息界面响应时间不超过5秒。3.2 系统模块构成搬家APP系统模块主要体现在客户端，包括以下几个模块：1. 客户信息注册模块：新用户注册基本信息填写，包括用户名、密码、性别、电话号码、手机号码、所处位置。2. 客户登陆模块：用户输入用户名和密码。如果输入的用户名和密码有错误，系统将显示错误提示信息。3. 注册信息修改模块：客户对已经注册的基本信息进行修改，比如用户名和密码、性别、联系方式等。4. 订单服务模块：客户根据需要可以选择货运或者搬家方式，填写目的地，出发时间，订单备注等订单基本信息，提交订单到服务器。5. 地图查询模块：提供给客户用来进行位置定位查询等信息。搬家公司管理人员可以通过内部管理平台对客户发出的订单进行实时处理。图3.2是搬家APP的系统模块图。图3.1 搬家APP系统模块组成3.3 系统主要流程图图3.2 系统大致流程图系统的大致流程图如图3.3所示，用户登录APP后依据自己的需要进行不同的功能选择，最后提交订单服务。本系统的核心在于客户订单信息的填写，订单的备注，提交订单等。如图3.4所示。图3.3 用户界面操作流程图3.4 Android 位置服务相关类库Android 系统提供了支持位置服务的 API，本文开发过程中主要涉及到LocationManager 和 LocationProviders 对象。LocationManager 能够获取当前的位置，对用户所在位置进行定位服务。为了在程序中调用位置服务，首先需要获得LocationManager 对象。主要代码如下： String myserviceString=Context.LOCATION_SERVICE; myLocationManager=(LocationManager)getSystemService(myserviceString); 接下来，需要指定LocationManager 的定位方法，目前LocationManager 支持的定位方法有两种，即使用GPS定位和使用网络定位，主要代码如下所示： String myprovider=LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER; Locationmylocation=LocationManager.getLastKnowLocation(myprovider); 在Location对象中包含了确定位置的经度、纬度和精确度等重要信息。 LocationProviders 则是提供了定位功能相关的各种组件，组件以不同的技术方式提供设备的当前位置，区别在于定位的精度、速度和成本各有不同。3.5 核心代码的详细设计3.5.1 登录模块代码实现用户登录部分的程序流程图如图3.4所示。图3.4 用户登录部分的程序流程图3.5.2 与远程数据库交互代码实现本系统中，用户依据需要填写相应的订单，再将订单信息数据上传到搬家公司服务器，搬家公司管理人员通过后台管理软件对订单做出处理。使用HTTP服务与服务器进行数据交互，使用Java开源工具JDOM 对XML 的创建和解析，整个处理过程如图3.5所示。图 3.5 与远程数据库交互程序流程图4.结语当前，Android System已经成为市场占有率第一的移动终端操作系统。很多企业以及政府单位都基于Android系统的手机服务基础上，开发出很多Android平台应用来满足大众和宣传的需求。本文基于 Android系统平台，采用 Android SDK 和 JAVA Eclipse作为应用软件开发工具，以和远程服务器实时交互的方式作为信息交互模式，实现对客户和搬家公司车辆位置信息的实时更新处理。在Android System下的 APP 开发是一项复杂的工程，不仅需要对 Android 系统原理有很深的理解，还要熟练掌握关键技术，这样才能开发出稳定出色的安卓平台APP。本文在进行Android体系框架结构分析的基础上，针对 Android 系统应用层开发中涉及到的关键技术做了详细分析，对Android应用的开发模式做了简要的介绍。得出3点结论：(1) Android 有很多种存储方式，在实际开发过程中需要对多种存储方式进行灵活运用；(2)为了满足无缝对接其他系统的需求，要将供其他软件调用的接口系统开发出来；(3)开发Android应用程序时，应该合理选择一个开发框架。随着大数据互联网时代的到来，产品和服务虚拟化，用户对产品的需求已经从对功能的需求上升为对体验的需求。移动终端设备的技术创新进步和高速移动网络在我国的推广，这也使用户对APP应用程序的不断重视，在面对网络上成千上万的APP应用的时候，用户应该作何选择，在选择后能持续使用多久，这是每一个 APP应用设计工程师需要去考虑的。 由于时间有限，本文介绍的Android平台应用模块还不够丰富，为了增强移动信息交互功能的多样性，还有待继续进行更多功能的开发和完善。参考文献：1徐亮.基于Android的远程控制系统J.计算机工程.2013(11).2黄宏程等编著.Android 移动应用设计与开发M.人民邮电出版社，2012:P3.3杨丰盛编著.Android 技术内幕系统卷M.机械工业出版社,2011年.4公磊,周聪.基于 Android 的移动终端应用程序开发与研究J.计算机与现代化,2008.8.5 范怀宇编著.ANDROID 开发精要M, 机械工业出版社，2012：P2-P7.6 Macleod C, Mathews A. 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USENIX Security Symposium, 2011. 致 谢请删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists disdain for this taxation without representation (so-called because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Income tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent of the population was required to pay the tax. A flat-rate income tax was imposed in 1867. The income tax was repealed in its entirety in 1872. Income tax was a rallying point for the Populist party in 1892, and had enough support two years later that Congress passed the Income Tax Act of 1894. The tax at that time was two percent on individual incomes in excess of $4,000, which meant that it reached only the wealthiest members of the population. The Supreme Court struck down the tax, holding that it violated the constitutional requirement that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population (pollock v. farmers loan & trust, 158 U.S. 601, 15 S. Ct. 912, 39 L. Ed. 1108 1895). After many years of debate and compromise, the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, providing Congress with the power to lay and collect taxes on income without apportionment among the states. The objectives of the income tax were the equitable distribution of the tax burden and the raising of revenue. Since 1913 the U.S. income tax system has become very complex. In 1913 the income tax laws were contained in eighteen pages of legislation; the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99-514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, compared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable income, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelts new deal, imposed a five percent excise tax on dividend receipts, imposed a capital stock tax and an excess profits tax, and suspended all deductions for losses (June 16, 1933, ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195). The repeal in 1933 of the eighteenth amendment, which had prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol, brought in an estimated $90 million in new liquor taxes in 1934. The social security act of 1935 provided for a wage tax, half to be paid by the employee and half by the employer, to establish a federal retirement fund (Old Age Pension Act, Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620). The Wealth Tax Act, also known as the Revenue Act of 1935, increased the maximum tax rate to 79 percent, the Revenue Acts of 1940 and 1941 increased it to 81 percent, the Revenue Act of 1942 raised it to 88 percent, and the Individual Income Tax Act of 1944 raised the individual maximum rate to 94 percent. The post-World War II Revenue Act of 1945 reduced the individual maximum tax from 94 percent to 91 percent. The Revenue Act of 1950, during the korean war, reduced it to 84.4 percent, but it was raised the next year to 92 percent (Revenue Act of 1950, Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 994, Stat. 906). It remained at this level until 1964, when it was reduced to 70 percent. The Revenue Act of 1954 revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, making major changes that were beneficial to the taxpayer, including providing for child care deductions (later changed to credits), an increase in the charitable contribution limit, a tax credit against taxable retirement income, employee deductions for business expenses, and liberalized depreciation deductions. From 1954 to 1962, the Internal Revenue Code was amended by 183 separate acts. In 1974 the employee retirement income security act (ERISA) created protections for employees whose employers promised specified pensions or other retirement contributions (Pub. L. No. 93-406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829). ERISA required that to be tax deductible, the employers plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage tax-deferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 97-34, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of income for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining income. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to two-income married couples that had been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons filed their income tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repealed, as was an investment tax credit that had been introduced in 1962 by President john f. kennedy. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the first budget and tax act enacted during the Clinton administration, was vigorously debated, and passed with only the minimum number of necessary votes. This law provided for income tax rates of 15, 28, 31, 36, and 39.6 percent on varying levels of income and for the taxation of social security income if the taxpayer receives other income over a certain level. In 2001 Congress enacted a major income tax cut at the urging of President george w. bush. Over the course of 11 years the law reduces marginal income tax rates across all levels of income. The 36 percent rate will be lowered to 33 percent, the 31 percent rate to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate to 25 percent. In addition, a new bottom 10 percent rate was created. Since the early 1980s, a flat-rate tax system rather than the graduated bracketed method has been proposed. (The graduated bracketed method is the one that has been used since graduated taxes were introduced: the percentage of tax differs based on the amount of taxable income.) The flat-rate system would impose one rate, such as 20 percent, on all income and would eliminate special deductions, credits, and exclusions. Despite firm support by some, the flat-rate tax has not been adopted in the United States. Regardless of the chang