《高考英语备考》PPT课件.ppt

高考英语备考高考英语备考 知识篇知识篇 n n 考试要求考试要求 n n 考试内容考试内容 明明 确确 语言知识考查内容与要求语言知识考查内容与要求 项项目内容 词汇知识 2000词汇 掌握教学大纲词汇表中2000左右词 汇 教学大纲表1：理解1200 表2：掌握740 考试大纲掌握2000 （无中文释义 ） 语法知识 12项 名词 代词 数词 介词 连词 形容词 副词 冠词 动词 (时态语态非谓语动词情态动 词) 句式 复合句 构词法 n n 考试大纲考试大纲要求是掌握要求是掌握20002000左右的词汇，即包左右的词汇，即包 括括教学大纲教学大纲两个词汇表中的所以词汇，也就两个词汇表中的所以词汇，也就 是说对参加高考的考生来说，一定要能掌握是说对参加高考的考生来说，一定要能掌握20002000 词汇，而不是词汇，而不是12001200，即对这，即对这20002000词汇要烂熟于心词汇要烂熟于心 ，做到，做到“四会四会”，不是停留在，不是停留在“认读认读”的水平上的水平上 ，也就是说高考对词汇的要求高于，也就是说高考对词汇的要求高于教学大纲教学大纲 的要求。的要求。教学大纲教学大纲词汇表词汇表2 2中的中的740740个单词（个单词（ 基本为高中所学词汇，即基本为高中所学词汇，即中等难度词汇中等难度词汇）是考生）是考生 的薄弱点，所以也是影响考生获得高分的致命点的薄弱点，所以也是影响考生获得高分的致命点 ！因此，最后冲刺的词汇复习应该重点压缩、整！因此，最后冲刺的词汇复习应该重点压缩、整 理、强化中级词汇，即理、强化中级词汇，即教学大纲教学大纲词汇表词汇表2 2中的中的 740740个，并且做到这些词汇能听得懂、说得出、认个，并且做到这些词汇能听得懂、说得出、认 得快、写得准。得快、写得准。 n n 考生大纲考生大纲要求考生能够适当运用要求考生能够适当运用1212项基本的项基本的 语法知识语法知识 n n 考试大纲考试大纲附录中的附录中的1212项语法知识内容包括了项语法知识内容包括了 初中高中所学的语法知识内容，比较全面。但是初中高中所学的语法知识内容，比较全面。但是 ，高考英语最后冲刺的语法复习的重点应该落在，高考英语最后冲刺的语法复习的重点应该落在 主干知识主干知识上，例如动词时态、复合句和非谓语动上，例如动词时态、复合句和非谓语动 词等这些中等难度语法项目上，并且要强调语法词等这些中等难度语法项目上，并且要强调语法 知识在特定语境中灵活运用能力的提高。如对动知识在特定语境中灵活运用能力的提高。如对动 词的学习，不仅了解动词的形式，更重要的是理词的学习，不仅了解动词的形式，更重要的是理 解它的功能和意义。这些项目可以说是解它的功能和意义。这些项目可以说是高考中等高考中等 难度试题考查的热点，也是考生的失分点难度试题考查的热点，也是考生的失分点。所以。所以 ，对语法知识的最后整理要能够抓住重点，突破，对语法知识的最后整理要能够抓住重点，突破 难点。难点。 2 2、语言运用内容与要求、语言运用内容与要求 阅读理解 6项 1. 理解主旨要义 2. 理解文章中具体细节 3. 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4. 做出简单判断和推理 5. 理解文章的基本结构 6. 理解作者的意图和态度 写作 2项 1. 准确使用语法和词汇 2. 使用一定的句型和词汇,清楚连贯 地表达自己的意思 知识知识 2 2：12 12 技能技能 6 6：2 2 基本功实力基本功实力 词汇质量低：词汇质量低：表达平淡表达平淡 n n My name is Zhang Bin. Im thirteen My name is Zhang Bin. Im thirteen years old. There are three people in my years old. There are three people in my family. I like math. I like drawing. I family. I like math. I like drawing. I often go camping, draw some pictures often go camping, draw some pictures of plants. I want to be a scientist when I of plants. I want to be a scientist when I grow up. grow up. 词汇质量高词汇质量高：表达丰富表达丰富 n n Im very glad Im very glad to introduceto introduce myself to you. I myself to you. I was bornwas born in 1993 in Beijing. I come from a in 1993 in Beijing. I come from a happy and warm family, happy and warm family, which includeswhich includes mother, father, my sister and me. mother, father, my sister and me. Full of Full of colorful and challenge school lifecolorful and challenge school life, I find , I find that that I I have learnedhave learned many things and many things and bettered my bettered my personalitypersonality. As for the classes, I like history . As for the classes, I like history and English very much. But I am not good at and English very much. But I am not good at mathsmaths and physics. This is and physics. This is the reasonthe reason I choose I choose an English club as my spare time activity.an English club as my spare time activity. Im Im interested ininterested in collecting stamps, collecting stamps, which which help me learn a lot about help me learn a lot about history history home and abroadhome and abroad. School life . School life is still is still vividvivid in my mind. I think in my mind. I think every student has one impression every student has one impression in in commoncommon: we have too many : we have too many numerous examinations, numerous examinations, especiallyespecially, , during the last term. Well, thats during the last term. Well, thats part of the life.part of the life. 高分第高分第1 1关：提高认字用字能力关：提高认字用字能力 n n 词汇词汇 精选精选 中级词汇中级词汇 常见短语常见短语 活跃小词活跃小词 巧练巧练 记得快记得快 写得准写得准 用得活用得活 英语无难处英语无难处, , 词汇一通词汇一通, , 万事无忧万事无忧. . n n 认真解读高考词汇表认真解读高考词汇表 词汇表为什么不给出中文翻译词汇表为什么不给出中文翻译? ? “词汇表是单个单词的集合词汇表是单个单词的集合, ,它只提它只提 供有关该单词的最简单的基本信息供有关该单词的最简单的基本信息. .单单 词的真正词义要在具体的语境中才能词的真正词义要在具体的语境中才能 准确地体现准确地体现. .又由于两种语言的不同又由于两种语言的不同, , 简单的中文翻译并不能保证中英文单简单的中文翻译并不能保证中英文单 词之间的内涵和外延一致词之间的内涵和外延一致, ,也不能帮助也不能帮助 学生理解该词的语用特征学生理解该词的语用特征. . n n 中文注释的英文单词会在学生与英文单中文注释的英文单词会在学生与英文单 词之间形成母语的信息过滤和导向词之间形成母语的信息过滤和导向, ,影影 响对英语单词的真正理解响对英语单词的真正理解, ,甚至会误导甚至会误导 学生学生. .另外另外, ,依赖中文学习英文单词也会依赖中文学习英文单词也会 形成不良的学习习惯形成不良的学习习惯. . n n 语言学习是两种语言的转换能力的提高语言学习是两种语言的转换能力的提高 , ,离不开比较和分析离不开比较和分析, ,但是应该但是应该通过语境通过语境 对语言信息的组合和结构进行比较和分对语言信息的组合和结构进行比较和分 析析. . n n 单词学习要结合表达需求单词学习要结合表达需求, ,话题范围和话题范围和 语境进行语境进行. .简单地用中文对照方法学习简单地用中文对照方法学习 和记忆单词或者孤立地死记硬背单词不和记忆单词或者孤立地死记硬背单词不 利于对英语单词的理解利于对英语单词的理解, ,掌握与积累掌握与积累. . n n 单词学习应和学习策略的培养和应用结单词学习应和学习策略的培养和应用结 合起来合起来. .学习单词要适当了解一些英语学习单词要适当了解一些英语 的构词法的构词法, ,它可以帮助学习者发现英语它可以帮助学习者发现英语 单词的构词法特点单词的构词法特点, ,词义与词形的关系词义与词形的关系, , 并能主动扩展单词量并能主动扩展单词量, , 提高学习效率提高学习效率. . 一篇要点完整，表达无误的文章并不意味着一篇要点完整，表达无误的文章并不意味着 是一篇高分作文。是一篇高分作文。文章的词汇亮点是拿高分文章的词汇亮点是拿高分 的关键的关键。亮点就是要充分发挥你的创造性，。亮点就是要充分发挥你的创造性， 拿创意分。例如以下用拿创意分。例如以下用“HOPE”HOPE”一词概括一词概括“ 和谐社会和谐社会”的表达就非常精彩：的表达就非常精彩： H H means means HonestyHonesty, which is to being , which is to being honest to everyone. honest to everyone. O O means means LoveLove, that , that is to love country and our homeland. is to love country and our homeland. P P means means ProtectionProtection, that is to protect , that is to protect animals and plants. animals and plants. E E means energy, means energy, that is to save energy, resources. that is to save energy, resources. 文字能力文字能力: : 对文字的了解与才智和成就有直对文字的了解与才智和成就有直 接关系接关系. .英语中有英语中有6060万个单词万个单词, ,但但 一般人日常交谈中仅用到一般人日常交谈中仅用到12001200个个 左右左右.85%.85%的实用英语都涵盖在的实用英语都涵盖在 20002000个单词以内个单词以内, ,而而95%95%的报刊杂的报刊杂 志志, ,电台电台, ,电视用语电视用语, ,都只用到都只用到6060万万 个单词中的个单词中的40004000个而已个而已. . 运用文字的能力与知识有直接关运用文字的能力与知识有直接关 系系, ,与才智也有直接关系与才智也有直接关系. .文字代文字代 表思想和意识表思想和意识, ,了解而且能运用的了解而且能运用的 文字愈多文字愈多, ,愈能有比较复杂愈能有比较复杂, ,准确准确 的思考的思考. .拥有广泛词汇的人拥有广泛词汇的人, ,运作运作 能力会比较强能力会比较强, ,而且比文字知识有而且比文字知识有 限的人更有胜出能力和胜出意识限的人更有胜出能力和胜出意识. . n n 英语学习的基石：词汇英语学习的基石：词汇+ +语法语法 n n 英语学习词为纲。英语学习词为纲。 n n “ “Without grammar little can Without grammar little can be conveyed; without be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” conveyed.” n n 学好英语首先要学好英语首先要突破词汇关突破词汇关 。 词汇词汇分级处理：分级处理：提高词汇记忆的数量和质量提高词汇记忆的数量和质量 ( ( 重点突破重点突破500500中级中级词汇词汇) ) abroad absence abroad absence acceptaccept accident according accident according achieve achieve actual address actual address admireadmire admit adult admit adult advance advance advantageadvantage adventure advertisement adventure advertisement affect afford alarm alive although amaze analyze affect afford alarm alive although amaze analyze ancient announce anxious anyway apart ancient announce anxious anyway apart apartment apologize appear apartment apologize appear applyapply appointment appointment appreciate argue arrange ashamed aside assistant appreciate argue arrange ashamed aside assistant astonish astonish athleteathlete atmosphere attach attack atmosphere attach attack attempt attempt attitude attitude attract audience author attract audience author available average available average avoid avoid award award awareaware awful awful baggage balance bargain behave belong baggage balance bargain behave belong besidesbesides beyond biology blame blouse bother beyond biology blame blouse bother brief button cabbage brief button cabbage cause cause ceiling celebrate ceiling celebrate century character charge cigarette citizen century character charge cigarette citizen coast combine commercial coast combine commercial common common communicate companion communicate companion comparecompare compete compete complex composition concern complex composition concern conclusion conclusion conduct congratulation connect consist conduct congratulation connect consist construction construction consume content continent consume content continent contribute contribute control control convenientconvenient cottage cottage couragecourage crime culture cure curious curtain custom crime culture cure curious curtain custom damage dangerous debt damage dangerous debt declaredeclare defeat defense defeat defense defend degree delay delicious delight demand defend degree delay delicious delight demand describedescribe desert design desert design desiredesire destroy detect destroy detect determine determine devote devote direct disappear disappoint direct disappear disappoint disaster discussion disease distance district disaster discussion disease distance district disturbdisturb divide double doubt dozen due duty divide double doubt dozen due duty edit education edit education effecteffect effort employ empty effort employ empty encourageencourage engine entrance engine entrance equal equal equipment equipment escape escape especiallyespecially exactly except exchange exactly except exchange exhibition exist experience experiment expert exhibition exist experience experiment expert explode exploit explode exploit express express extremely extremely fade failure faithfade failure faith familiar familiar fault female fault female fence festival fetch figure finance flash fence festival fetch figure finance flash flame float flood focus forbid forecast flame float flood focus forbid forecast fork fortnight fork fortnight fortunatefortunate fortune freedom fortune freedom frequent fridge (refrigerator) function frequent fridge (refrigerator) function furniture garage generally gesture furniture garage generally gesture gradually gradually graduategraduate guide guilty habit guide guilty habit handle handle hesitatehesitate hire illegal immigrate hire illegal immigrate includeinclude increase indicate increase indicate influenceinfluence inform inform injure injure insist insist inspire inspire institute instruction institute instruction instrument intelligence intend interrupt instrument intelligence intend interrupt interview interview introduceintroduce invent invite invent invite insteadinstead journalist journey junior justice journalist journey junior justice keyboard kick keyboard kick lately lately lawyer lecture lawyer lecture liquid literature local luggageliquid literature local luggage major major majority majority material measure material measure medal media mental medal media mental mentionmention mercy mercy merely method multiplymerely method multiply narrow narrow native native nervous nervous normalnormal novel novel nuclear observe obtain obvious nuclear observe obtain obvious occupation occupy occur offer opinion occupation occupy occur offer opinion opposite optimistic original opposite optimistic original particular passive particular passive patientpatient permit permit persuade persuade plastic poison position positive precious plastic poison position positive precious predict prevent private process profit predict prevent private process profit properproper protect provide protect provide purpose purpose puzzle puzzle quality quantity quarrel quality quantity quarrel range rapid reality reception reduce range rapid reality reception reduce referrefer reflect reform reflect reform regretregret regular relate regular relate reliable reliable remindremind remote request require remote request require rescue reserve resist rescue reserve resist respectrespect respond respond reward rough ruin rubbish reward rough ruin rubbish satellite scare scene score scream screen secret satellite scare scene score scream screen secret section section seldom seldom select senior sensitive shallow select senior sensitive shallow significance significance similar similar slightly slim smooth social slightly slim smooth social societysociety special standard straight strength special standard straight strength struggle style struggle style succeedsucceed suffer supply surround suffer supply surround survive systemsurvive system technique therefore though throat throughout technique therefore though throat throughout tight tongue tough tradition traffic translate tight tongue tough tradition traffic translate transport transport treasuretreasure ugly ugly uniformuniform universe upset valuable universe upset valuable variety variety various video violent voyage wealth whispervarious video violent voyage wealth whisper 关注活用小词 besides, book, break, cover, change, cross, date, dear, duty, fall, fail, fan, firm, fly, foot, hand, key, live, match, matter, mean, mind, move, order, pick, race, rise, raise, rest, run, settle, share, show, sign, smooth,state, stick, suggest, suit, treat, way, well, work besides adv: =also, in addition *I dont want to go, besides, Im too tired. This is my best suit; I have two other besides. prep.=as well as, in addition to There are three other people at the meeting besides Mr Day. Besides being a professional pianist, he is also a keen amateur singer. Ten of us passed besides John. (=John passed too.) All of us passed except John. (=John did not pass.) Except=but not, leaving out book n; in ones book=according to ones opinion In my book this is not the way to handle it. v; =arrange in advance to have sth Im afraid these seats are already booked . She was booked on a charge of speeding. (in the police record) book sb in=book a room for sb Ive booked you in at Grand Hotel. We booked in at 3:00. (check in) breakbreak v; separate into parts:v; separate into parts: I dropped my cup and it I dropped my cup and it brokebroke. . come to an end:come to an end: A sudden cry A sudden cry broke broke the silence.the silence. interrupt (an activity):interrupt (an activity): Lets Lets breakbreak for lunch and start again afterwards. for lunch and start again afterwards. fail, suffer a long loss of effectiveness:fail, suffer a long loss of effectiveness: After years of working too hard, his health After years of working too hard, his health finally finally broke.broke. break away=run away break down=destroy,stop working, break in=enter a building by force, interrupt, break into=enter by force, begin suddenly break out= begin suddenly,escape break up=bring to an end,stop being together, begin the holiday LiveLive v. v. She She livedlived to a great age. to a great age. A writers words can A writers words can livelive beyond his beyond his death.death. Which hotel are you staying at? Which hotel are you staying at? (When talking about a short period of time (When talking about a short period of time use stay and not live.)use stay and not live.) adv. The presidents speech was broadcast live. 掌握科学的词汇记忆方法 n n 熟悉词语的正确发音熟悉词语的正确发音 在记忆单词前，先读熟单词，尤其是多音在记忆单词前，先读熟单词，尤其是多音 节词，再结合读音规则，就能快速达到记节词，再结合读音规则，就能快速达到记 住单词的目的。例如：背诵住单词的目的。例如：背诵enenc couour ra age ge 先先 按照正确的发音读熟这个词，然后结合拼按照正确的发音读熟这个词，然后结合拼 写知识和构词规律，记住其中的元音字母写知识和构词规律，记住其中的元音字母 发音，记住该单词并不难。发音，记住该单词并不难。 n n 掌握词义掌握词义 词义的记忆最好的方法是词义的记忆最好的方法是结合语境结合语境，就是把，就是把 词放到句子中记忆，尤其是记忆一词多义的词放到句子中记忆，尤其是记忆一词多义的 词汇效果比较好。词汇效果比较好。 I I shareshare a house with other four a house with other four persons.persons. We We shareshare an interest in traveling. an interest in traveling. The value of my The value of my sharesshares has risen by 8%. has risen by 8%. We must make sure that everyone gets We must make sure that everyone gets equal equal sharesshares of the food. of the food. n n 熟练掌握构词法扩大词汇量熟练掌握构词法扩大词汇量 掌握构词法可以帮助扩大词汇量。围绕一个词根就可掌握构词法可以帮助扩大词汇量。围绕一个词根就可 以记住一组词，如以记住一组词，如visit, television, vision, visiblevisit, television, vision, visible 都有都有“ “视觉，看视觉，看” ”的的 意思。意思。 n n 在实践中对词汇巩固加深在实践中对词汇巩固加深 不管有多好的记忆力，有多科学的记忆方法，如果不不管有多好的记忆力，有多科学的记忆方法，如果不 在实践中对已经掌握的词汇进行反复检验，最终记忆在实践中对已经掌握的词汇进行反复检验，最终记忆 力还是敌不过时间的磨蚀。词汇记忆的辛苦与困难也力还是敌不过时间的磨蚀。词汇记忆的辛苦与困难也 正是体现在这个方面。正是体现在这个方面。这是不可克服和逾越的自然规这是不可克服和逾越的自然规 律。律。掌握了单词的掌握了单词的 拼写、意义和用法不过是整个词拼写、意义和用法不过是整个词 汇学习的第一步，接下来的反复检验过程才是最重要汇学习的第一步，接下来的反复检验过程才是最重要 的。要听、说、读、写、译全方位结合对词汇进行实的。要听、说、读、写、译全方位结合对词汇进行实 践使用，词汇才会最终成为践使用，词汇才会最终成为a part of your memorya part of your memory. . 会记巧记 多项多角 同义词记忆同义词记忆 反义词记忆反义词记忆 句意理解记忆句意理解记忆 短文理解记忆短文理解记忆 话题联想记忆话题联想记忆 同伴互助记忆同伴互助记忆 听说记忆听说记忆 阅读短文记忆阅读短文记忆 突破词汇记忆关突破词汇记忆关 策略策略1 1英英释义记忆词汇英英释义记忆词汇 n n admireadmire：think of with respectthink of with respect n n avoid: avoid: keep away fromkeep away from n n content: content: adj.adj. satisfied; happy: satisfied; happy: n. the subject matter: v. make happy n. the subject matter: v. make happy n n declare: declare: make known publiclymake known publicly n n ruin: ruin: destroy: cause total loss of moneydestroy: cause total loss of money 利用利用 多种多种 策略策略 提高提高 记忆记忆 词汇词汇 效率效率 n n extremely: extremely: very; highlyvery; highly n n fortunately: fortunately: luckilyluckily n n mention: mention: tell about in a few wordstell about in a few words n n patient: patient: n. a person receivingn. a person receiving medical medical treatment: adj. Showing patience treatment: adj. Showing patience n n variety: variety: difference one anotherdifference one another 策略策略2 2 搭配记忆搭配记忆 devote to: (give completely to) He has devoted his life to helping blind people. He is very devoted to his friend. (showing great loyalty) Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem. (caring a great deal) 策略策略3 3利用构词法扩展词汇利用构词法扩展词汇 前缀前缀 后缀后缀 合成合成 转化转化 * *Mr Smith Mr Smith unlockedunlocked the safe and the safe and took outtook out five five thousand dollars.thousand dollars. *He had been *He had been overworkingoverworking and and fell sickfell sick at last. at last. *We *We disapprovedisapprove of middle-school students smoking of middle-school students smoking cigarettes.cigarettes. *The country is *The country is underdevelopedunderdeveloped and the living and the living standard of the people is rather standard of the people is rather lowlow. . *It is *It is impoliteimpolite to to turn your back onturn your back on someone who is someone who is speaking to you.speaking to you. *Those old people are very active in*Those old people are very active in anti-pollution anti-pollution activities.activities. 1.Mrs. Smith will be in charge during my 1.Mrs. Smith will be in charge during my _.(absent)_.(absent) 2.Winning three gold medals is a 2.Winning three gold medals is a remarkable _.(achieve) remarkable _.(ach