本科毕业论文-3.7万吨海散货船的主尺度确定及总布置设计.doc

大连理工大学网络教育学院毕业论文（设计）模板 网络教育学院本 科 生 毕 业 论 文（设 计）题 目：37000吨近海散货船的主尺度确定及总布置设计 学习中心： 层 次： 专科起点本科 专 业： 船舶与海洋工程 年 级： 年 春 季 学 号： 学 生： 指导教师： 完成日期： 年 月 日 II37000吨近海散货船的主尺度确定及总布置设计内容摘要毕业设计内容为37000吨近海散货船主尺度确定及总布置设计。设计过程中主要参考5800吨近海散货船等相近船为母型船，遵循钢质海船入级与建造规范（2006）等相应规范进行设计。设计过程中综合考虑船舶自身性能及经济性等因素。毕业设计过程主要包括以下几个部分:主尺度确定,根据任务书的要求并参考母型船初步确定主尺度，再对容积、航速及稳性等性能进行校核，最终确定船舶主尺度；总布置设计,按照规范要求并参考母型船进行总布置设计，区划船舶主体和上层建筑，布置船舶舱室和设备。关键词：散货船；主尺度；总布置目 录内容摘要I设计任务书11.3.1 主要尺度21.3.2 航速、螺旋桨及续航力32.1 排水量和主尺度的初步确定42.1.1 设计分析42.1.2 估算排水量42.1.3初始方案拟定52.2 主机选择52.3空船重量估算52.3.1船体钢材重量Wh52.3.2舣装设备重量Wf52.3.3机电设备重量Wm62.4重力与浮力平衡62.5性能校核73 总布置设计103.1 主船体内部船舱的布置103.1.1 总体划分（见图1）103.3 绘制总布置图（画出总布置图）114 结论12参考文献12参考文献13附 录14致 谢15设计任务书1 用途本船主要用于运载煤等散货，货物积载因数按煤的标准积载因数1.17m3/t计算。2 航区本船航行于我国近海区域3 船级本船由中国船级社登记入级。本船按下列规范、规则进行设计；国内航行海船法定检验技术规则（2004），中国船舶检验局；钢质海船入级建造规范（2006），中国船级社。4 船型本船为钢质、单甲板、尾机型、单桨、单舵，由柴油机驱动的散货船，具有球鼻艏线型。设有首楼和尾楼，中间设有桅屋，尾楼甲板以上设有三层甲板室。由尾楼到首楼的货舱区域设两个货舱，货舱区域为单壳双底结构，同时设有顶边舱和底边舱，双层底舱、顶边舱和低边舱用作压载水舱。5 航速螺旋桨设计时考虑了主机功率储备12%，在船壳清洁无污底情况下，处于风力小于蒲式风力三级的平静深水水域条件下主机达到额定转速时的试航速度为11.8 kn。6 续航力本船燃油的装载量为，轻柴油，满足船舶在满载状态，航速Vs=11.8海里/小时的续航力为3500海里。7 船员数本船船员数为18人。8 动力装置主机机型选用MAN B&W。9 螺旋桨本船采用MAU型螺旋桨。1 现代散货船发展及相关母型资料1.1 现代散货船发展通观散货船的发展历史及对现状的分析，散货船的发展趋势主要体现在双壳化、大型化、快速化、多用途化、使用年限增长化、环保和自动化程度提高的几个方面。在国内，散货运输约占运货量的40，日益发展的散货船队在能源运输、国际贸易中是主力军，在国民经济发展中占有重要地位。从船队结构情况看，我国干散货船队船舶吨位偏小，平均载重吨位低于世界平均水平。其中2万-5万吨散货船约占43，而且这些船的船龄老化情况比较严重；从船队规模看，2000年以前2万-5万吨散货船的数量基本满足国内运输需要，2000年后随着货运量的增加，尤其是我国矿石的进口量近几年的持续快速增加。极大地增加了散货船货运量。因此。我国船队最近几年应加快老龄散货货船的更大及大型散货船的建造。以适应我国经济发展的需要。1.2 现代散货船特点 散货船是指专门运输谷物、矿砂、煤炭等大宗散货物的干货船，但习惯上不载运散装液化货与散装特殊货物，如砂糖、木屑等。散货船包括粮船、矿砂船、运煤船及散装水泥船等。 散货船特点是：单层甲板、尾机型、船体肥胖、航速较低，因散货货源充足，通常又专用码头装卸(如大型抓斗、气动机械输送等装备)，装卸效率高，故船上可不设置起货设备，其载货吨位较大。此外，散货船因其货种单一，常为单程运输，回程不装货。为使船有较好的空载性能，所需压载水水量较大，故货舱两侧常设有斜顶边水舱，且在舭部设有斜底边舱。1.3 相关母型资料母型船载重量为5800吨，用于运载煤等散货。主要航区为近海。本船为钢质、单甲板、尾机型、单桨、单舵，由柴油机驱动的散货船；设有两个货舱；主船体部分由6道水密/油密横舱壁划分为7个区域；设有首楼、尾楼，尾楼甲板上设有三层甲板室。1.3.1 主要尺度总长Lpp 96.00m型宽B 16.40m型深D 7.50m设计吃水d 6.10m方形系数Cb 0.752载重量DW 5800t载重量系数 0.7785排水量 7478.86t排水体积 7224.2m31.3.2 航速、螺旋桨及续航力螺旋桨设计时考虑了主机功率储备12%，母型船在设计吃水（m），船壳清洁无污底情况下，处于风力小于蒲氏风级三级的平静深水水域条件下主机达到额定转速时的服务速度约11.8海里/小时。母型船选用MAU型5叶螺旋桨，螺旋桨直径为2.7m，盘面比0.78，螺距比0.76，螺旋桨材料为铝镍青铜。本船燃油、轻柴油的装载量满足船舶在满载状态，航速Vs=11.8海里/小时的续航力为3500海里。本船洗涤、饮用水容量为，以及食品和粮食的储备量满足18名船员20天的自持力。2 船舶主要要素的初步拟定2.1 排水量和主尺度的初步确定2.1.1 设计分析本设计船是一条运输船舶，因此设计时应注意降低造价，降低消耗，提高运输能力，提高本船的经济性，可适当减小船长；作为运输船，航行时间也很重要，要力求达到较适宜的航速，船长不能过小；本船为双壳双层底结构，为保证舱容，可适当增加型深；本船吨位较大，具有较好的适航性，因此满足要求即可。总结以上，总的设计思想是：保证舱容和航速要求下，减小本船主尺度。2.1.2 估算排水量对油船这种重量型船舶，由于随变化有相当稳定的范围，通常采用载重量系数法初估排水量。母型船为5800吨近海散货船，母型船排水量为t，其载重量系数=0.7785；设计船为37000吨近海散货船，其载重量系数随着载重量的增加而增大，初定为0.7785。根据公式 （2.1） 得到：设计船排水量=44958 t2.1.3初始方案拟定根据主尺度比法来确定主尺度，设计船的、取值与母型船相同，其中，。根据公式计算可以得到：=5.85, =2.69, =12.8。根据公式可初步估算得到设计船船长L=，再由公式、，可以计算得到船宽B、吃水d和型深D。最后计算得设计船主尺度为：L=180m， B=30.77m， D=14.06m，d=10.44m2.2 主机选择 用海军系数法估算所需的主机功率： 公式如下： （2.2） 其中c为海军常数 根据公式计算 BHP=7357KW 选用MAN B&W 7500KW2.3空船重量估算2.3.1船体钢材重量Wh按立方模数公式估算该项重量。钢料重量系数Ch一般在0.0792-0.1053 WhChLppBD （2.3） Wh =0.08*180*14.06*30.7=6215.64t2.3.2舣装设备重量Wf按平方模数公式估算该项重量。木作舣装重量系数为:=0.2102 （2.4） =0.2102*180*（30.77+14.06）= 1696.19t （2.5） 2.3.3机电设备重量Wm利用公式：W mCm(PB0.7355)0.5 =5.5*(82500.7355)0.5 =428.43t （2.6）Cm一般在56综合以上三部分重量，本船的空船重量为： = 6215.64+1696.19+428.43=8340.26t （2.7）2.4 重力与浮力平衡 采用诺曼系数法进行重力浮力平衡，允许误差为1吨。保持载重量、主尺度不变，通过改变方形系数进行重力浮力平衡。因为只改变方形系数，引起的排水量变化不大，对主机功率的影响可以忽略，所以主机功率不变，因此舾装重量和机电设备重量也不变。但是由于方形系数的改变对钢料重量的影响很大，不可忽略。(1) 求诺曼系数 =1.2044 (2.8)(2) 载重量增量=37000-36618=382t (2.9)(3) 排水量增量 =458t (2.10)代入浮性微分方程 (2.11)得到方形系数的变化=0.009 （2.12）改变后的方形系数 =0.74(4) 方形系数改变对钢料重量变化的影响 (2.13) =6192t平衡后得到的值 L=180m B=30m D=14.7m d=10.1m2.5性能校核2.5.1 稳性校核 稳性校核包括初稳性和大角稳性，在主要尺度确定时通常只校核设计船的初稳性是否满足要求。初稳性高度的估算按初稳性方程式进行 (2.14)式中 所核算状态下的初稳性高度；相应吃水下的浮心高度；相应吃水下的横稳心半径；所核算状态下的重心高度；自由液面对初稳性高度修正值，此处暂时忽略不计。由薛安国公式得到浮心高度的近似公式 =5.3 (2.15)由诺曼公式得到横稳心半径的近似公式 =6.68 (2.16)重心高度 =0.7*14.7=10.29 (2.17)初稳性高度=1.7 (2.18)布格氏认为考虑自由液面影响后 (2.19)横摇周期 =16.2 (2.20)式中 修正系数。时，；时，f取1.0。 波浪周期 =6.4 (2.21)式中 波长，我国沿海为6070m，本船取65m。调谐因子要求 计算结果为2.51.3 (2.22) 满足稳性要求2.5.2 航速校核 选择莱普法（LapKeller）计算有效马力曲线： 基本参数如下：Lpp180 Ld1.01 Lpp=181.8 Cm5.5 Cp0.72 B/D2.04 =5582 Ld/B6.06 Xb+2%Lpp=3.6 =2666.55 =1.54 参考统计资料，取总推进系数为0.52，则THPBHP*0.52 表 1.1 莱普法有效功率估算航速校核序号项目数值1V（kn)121314152Vs(m/s)6.26.77.27.7333.23.43.74*1000(查图）7007007007005Ld/B修正值6.066.066.066.066修正后*1000(1+5)*412.6413.3414.0414.747Crt*10001.0971.4461.7852.5598V*Ld12121313141415159Re8/1.18831E-64.384.745.105.4710Cfs*10001.4801.2831.1381.02011Ca*10000.200.200.200.2012(Cfs+Ca)*100010+111.6801.4831.3381.22013Cti*10007+122.7772.9293.1233.77014Vs2(m2/s2)38.4444.8951.8459.2915471483462544007222724826071216Rti13*15*0.0011309318319225573114317B/d修正（B/d-2.4)*5%0.0180.0180.0180.01818Rt16*1+171573523847316204677019Vs/75(m/s2)0.0830.0890.0960.10320EHP18*19*0.736(kw)961156222343546做出有效马力曲线： 根据上图可以看出航速可达16节，满足设计要求2.5.3 干舷校核根据1975年“海船载重线规范”计算并校核。甲板边板厚 t=30mm计算型深 D1=D+t=30030mm夏季最小干舷F按下式计算 F=F0+f1 +f2+f3 +f4 +f5 (mm) (2.23) 基本干舷F0 =3228mm(1)船长对干舷的修正f1 (2.24)(2)方形系数对干舷的修正f2=146 (2.25)(3)型深对干舷的修正f3=675 (2.26) (4)上层建筑和围壁室对干舷的修正f4=-125 (2.27) (5)舷弧对干舷的修正f5船舶的舷弧为非标准舷弧，需做修正。 =-29.3 (2.28) 根据计算结果F=3895mm热带区域最小干舷：F=3895-225=3667mm冬季最小干舷： F=3895+225=4120mm冬季北大西洋最小干舷：F=4120mm淡水最小干舷：F=3895-936=2959mm3 总布置设计按照任务书的要求，本船为钢质、单甲板、尾机型、单桨、单舵，由柴油机驱动的成品油船，具有球尾和球鼻首线型。参考母型船的布置，并按照钢制海船入级与建造规范（2006）、船舶与海上设施法定检验规则等规范要求对设计船进行总布置设计。3.1 主船体内部船舱的布置3.1.1 总体划分（见附录）3.1.2 内部舱室划分（见附录）3.1.3 上甲板布置（见附录）3.2 上层建筑布置（见附录）3.3 绘制总布置图（见附录）总布置设计，是以满足船东方所提出的使用要求和航行性能为一句，经济合理的确定设计船的整体布置工作；具体的说，就是完成设计船总布置图的设计与绘制。总布置设计是船舶设计中极为重要的一环；总布置设计的好坏对船舶的使用效能语航行性能、经济性、安全性以及结构工艺性都有直接的影响；总布置设计将会影响全局，是后续设计绘图与计算工作的重要依据。总布置设计的特点是涉及面广、考虑因素多和实践性强。总布置设计涉及到船、机、电等方面，考虑因素包括船舶使用要求、航行性能与经济性；同时，总布置又因船舶类型、用途、航区条件等不同可有很大差异。例如：客船上层建筑发达、外观造型美、生活舱室与公共住所庞杂；而货船则简单朴实，货仓区长，显出任重道远的风貌；沿海客船与长江客船、南方客船与北方客船，彼此也各具一格。因此，进行总布置设计时必须注重调查研究，详细了解使用者的意见与要求；了解同航线上同类船舶的舱室布置、设备布置及布置要求；把握设计船布置上的特殊性，通过分析研究，统筹处理好设计船的各种矛盾，抓住主要矛盾，拟打设计措施，发挥创造性，形成设计特色。在总布置图设计中，除了注意各种类型船舶布置上的特殊要求外，一半都应遵循下述原则。1.最大限度提高船舶的使用性能 货船应保证舱容，提高装卸效率。2.保证船舶有良好的适航性与安全性在设计中应合理分布船上各项重量，以船舶在各种装载情况下具有良好的浮态，稳性；降低重心高度，减小侧面受风面积及合理设计在干舷甲板上的开口位置以改善大倾角稳性；合理布置水密舱室以提高船舶的结构强度与抗沉性；良好的驾驶视线和航行信号设备布置以减少航行好事故。3.满足各有关规范、规则及公约要求考虑结合理性以满足建造规范的要求，保证船体结构强度。例如：注意构件的连续性，避免纵向构件截面的空谈；注意开口对强度的不利影响；上层建筑内的纵、横隔壁和支柱与甲板纵桁和横梁相对等。救生、消防、航行和信号等设备的配置和布置满足相应规范的要求；生活舱室、公共处所的面积与设备配置应满足船员定额与舱室设备规范要求；国际航线船舶还要满足各种国际公约、规则及规范要求。4.便于建造、检查、维修、保养及设备的更换船上各处所应有良好的可达性；确定结构空间时要注意装配与焊接工艺的方便；确定机舱开口时，要考虑机器零件拆装时主机吊出和吊入所需的空间等。5.舱室布置时，需要注意考虑工作生活需要，尽力改善船员的工作和生活条件。6.总布置设计要结合建筑学和美学的要求，注意外部造型与内部装潢，给人以美感。总布置设计是一项实践性和创造性都很强的工作。必须注意学习和借鉴别人的成功经验，以期在技术上有较大的创新和突破，从而体现出设计上的创造性和特色。4 结束语本设计在宋老师的悉心指导和严格要求下业已完成，从课题选择、方案论证到具体设计和调试，无不凝聚着宋老师的心血和汗水，在两年年的本科学习和生活期间，也始终感受着导师的精心指导和无私的关怀，我受益匪浅。在此向宋老师老师表示深深的感谢和崇高的敬意。本设计能够顺利的完成，也归功于各位任课老师的认真负责，使我能够很好的掌握和运用专业知识，并在设计中得以体现。正是有了他们的悉心帮助和支持，才使我的毕业论文工作顺利完成，在此向大连理工大学的全体老师表示由衷的谢意。感谢他们两年来的辛勤栽培。参考文献1 程斌，潘伟文，船舶设计教程.上海:上海交通大学出版社,19882 冯恩德,席龙飞,船舶设计原理.大连:大连海运学院出版社,19883 中国船级社.钢制内河船舶入级与建造规范.北京:人民交通出版社,20024 中国船级社.钢制海船入级与建造规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2006附 录1.37000散货船总布置图致 谢请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second