毕业论文-基于SNMP网络管理系统的设计与实现.docVIP

本科毕业设计(论文)题目：基于SNMP网络管理系统的设计与实现院 （系）： 计算机科学与工程学院专 业： 班 级： 学 生： 学 号： 指导教师： 2014年 6月1 基于SNMP网络管理的研究 在Windows环境下进行SNMP编程，可以使用WinSNMP API函数。这些函数实现了基本的SNMP功能，但直接使用WinSNMP API函数要复杂得多，幸运的是，目前有许多支持SNMP功能的第三方开发包，如UCD SNMP，PowerTCP和SNMP+等，使用这些开发包，可以大大简化Windows环境下的SNMP编程工作。 SNMP+是网络管理程序与SNMP代理之间的通信协议，因此SNMP编程也包括两大部分：网络管理程序的开发和SNMP代理软件的开发。 SNMP代理运行在特定的网络设备中，由设备生产商负责开发。本文主要研究在Windows 环境下开发基于SNMP的网络管理程序，不涉及SNMP代理开发方面的内容。微软的Windows系统（包括Windows NT、Windows 2000、Windows XP、Windows 2003等）支持SNMP，默认是关闭的，可以通过添加组件的方式进行打开并进行简单配置。启动后，代理在主机上启动一个SNMP代理服务器进程，监听从UDP端口161接收的SNMP操作请求。但是还不能使用SNMP获取到系统的信息，因为此时代理支持的MIB-II中还没有定义相关的被管理对象，因此，还需要安装第三方支持的软件。SNMP第三方软件实际上是一个SNMP子代理，系统中原来的代理称为SNMP主代理，主代理与子代理之间使用特有的协议进行通信。通过安装子代理，可以在系统中扩展主代理不支持的MIB。Net-SNMP就是这样的一款第三方软件，安装后即可为SNMP提供信息。2 环境配置使用windows XP 操作系统，软件使用VC+6.0，测试设备，本机，工大瑞普虚拟实验环境，可以模拟如帧中继，路由交换的环境。从 下载SNMP+开发包，解压后进行编译，形成一个静态链接库，下面的步骤将在VC+6.0开发环境中将SNMP软件包编译成一个静态的链接库。在VC6中编辑生成snmp_pp.lib文件，操作步骤如下：1) 在开发环境下，选择“File”-“New”项，在弹出的窗口中选择“Win32 Static Library”，工程名为“snmp_pp”，如图2.1所示。 图 2.1 建立一个静态链接库工程2) 单击“OK”按钮，进入下一步，使用缺省选项，如图2.2所示，点击“Finish”完成，建立一个没有文件的静态链接库工程。图2.2 静态链接库工程建立完成3) 在工作区内，为工程添加解压缩后的所有源文件（即snmp+目录下的src目录下的所有后缀为CPP的文件，如图3.3所示）。 图2.3 向工程中添加源文件为了让编译的链接库支持SNMPV3，用上步同样方法，要把snmp+目录下的libdes目录下的c文件包含进来。4) 文件添加完后，设置工程编译环境。主菜单选“Project”-“Settings”项，弹出的窗口中，选“C/C+”页，按照下表进行设置，如图2.5所示。 图2.5 工程设置5) 目录设置。主菜单“Tools”-“Options”项，弹出的窗口中，选“Directories”页，添加SNMP+头文件所在的目录，如图2.6所示。图4.6 工程目录设置6) 选择“Build”-“Build snmp_pp.lib”项，生成静态链接库文件snmp_pp.lib.7) 将生成的静态链接库文件直接复制到VC安装目录：VC98Lib中去，就可以像使用VC自带的其他库文件一样使用它了。3 代理设备的配置 a. windows主机安装，启用SNMP； 首先查看本地服务，检查SNMP服务是否已经安装。如没有安装，按下列步骤进行安装。(1) 单击“开始”“设置”“控制面板”“添加/删除程序”“添加/删除Windows组件”，勾选“管理和监视工具”项，再单击“详细信息”按钮，此时出现如图3.1所示的界面。 图 3.1 Windows XP操作系统启用SNMP(2) 勾选“简单网络管理协议”项，单击“确定”按钮。安装SNMP后，默认的community字符串是“public”，可以修改为其他字符串，如图3.2。图 3.2 修改community字符串(3) 安装第三方软件Net-SNMP：如图3.3所示。 图 3.3 安装net-snmp 时选择安装目录 b. 可配置网络设备启用SNMP服务SNMP 代理是运行在可网管设备中的一个管理进程，在网络管理软件运行前要对其进行配置，使它能够响应网络管理站的信息请求，发送 Trap 消息，并进行权限限制与身份验证。需要配置的代理设备主要是网络中可网管的路由器与交换机，不同的厂商的不同设备配置有所区别，但都大同小异，都可以通过 telnet 进行命令行设置，需要配置的内容我们通过配置一个 Cisco7200 路由器的实例来具体描述：(1) 接受的团体名称和权限。SNMP 服务需要至少一个团体名，一般设备都有默认的团体名，public 为只读权限的团体名，private 为可读写权限的团体名。 这两个团体名被普遍地使用，每个人都会被猜到，为安全起见，配置团体名时尽量为不同权限使用不同的团体名，并要为团体名选择强壮的口令，定期更改。配置命令如下：snmp-server community public RO命令配置了一个 RO 权限的团体名 public， (2) 配置访问控制列表 ACL。默认情况下，在仅配置了团体名和权限后，代理会接受来自任何主机的 SNMP 数据包，这使得在团体名在被破译或泄漏后任何主机都可通过代理进行读写操作，所以必须考虑安全性方面，设置访问控制列表，使 SNMP 代理只接受访问控制中主机发出的 SNMP 数据包。配置如下：access-list 3 permit 55snmp-server community public RW 3第一个命令创建了一个编号为 3 的访问控制列表，允许来自网络 的信息流量。第二个命令设置代理只接受来自于网络 的SNMP数据包，并且数据包中的 commnunity 是可读写权限的团体名 public。(3) 发送身份验证 Trap。身份验证是验证团体名或地址是否有效的过程。当SNMP 代理收到错误的团体名，或者不是从可接受访问控制列表成员发出的请求，那么代理将发送身份验证 Trap 消息到 Trap 目标(管理站)，指出身份验证失败，在默认情况下，该项是启动的。(4) 配置SNMP Trap。配置使得路由器能够向管理工作站发送陷阱消息。配置如下；snmp-server host 28 public snmpsnmp-server enable traps snmp第一条命令指明SNMP标准Trap被发送到主机28；第二条命令指明激活本设备上的所有SNMP标准的Trap消息。4 设计与实现基于SNMP的网络管理系统的关键功能之一为采集被管理Windows主机的信息资源。按照管理人员信息监测和维护工作的要求，信息采集主要涉及以下几个方面，管理人员可以通过采集到的信息数据来判断远程主机的运行情况、业务状态和网络安全。 a. 配置管理对系统的配置有详细了解是网络管理的一个重点，任何时候都需要。在需要的时候及时，准确的查看系统配置，包括基本信息、系统信息、IP地址，路由信息，TCP连接，UDP连接，进程信息，软件安装信息。利用MIB对象组的OID，将感兴趣的流量或数据进行分类，之后再进行显示出来，达到我们所要的效果。表4.1为与配置管理有关的MIB对象与OID的对应关系表。 表4.1 MIB对象与OID对应关系表MIB对象OID备注系统组.2.1.1列对象IP组.0.1表对象路由组.1.1表对象进程组..2.1列对象TCP组.3.1表对象UDP组..1表对象内存信息组..3.1表对象软件信息组..1.2表对象 系统组(System Group)提供了系统的一般信息，对象的OID如表4.2所示。 表4.2 系统组与OID对应关系表MIB对象OID备注系统描述..标量对象设备的生产厂商.标量对象设备名称.标量对象系统运行时间.标量对象 IP组提供了与IP协议有关的信息。IP组包含的对象如表4.3 所示。 表4.3 IP地址信息与OID对应表MIB对象OID备注IP地址.0.1.1标量对象IP地址索引.0.1.2标量对象IP地址掩码.0.1.3标量对象装配数据包大小.0.1.5标量对象 路由组提供了本地的路由信息。路由组包含的对象如表4.4所示。 表4.4 路由信息与OID对应关系表MIB对象OID备注目的IP地址.1.1.1标量对象基本路由度量.1.1.3标量对象转发地址.1.1.7标量对象子网掩码.1.1.11标量对象 b. 性能管理主机的CPU，内存的使用情况对主机的性能影响很大，如果出现问题，将直接影响到主机的正常运行，进而对服务器上正在运行的重要的应用系统带来不可预料的后果，所以，对服务器主机的CPU，内存资源使用情况进行监测是网络管理的首要任务。 通过特定的Oid,不断检测CPU和内存的使用信息，并通过简单的公式计算相应数值，并用图表进行显示。1) CPU 5秒内平均利用率的OID：..1.56.0；2) CPU 利用率的OID：.4.1.960.5.1.48；3) 可用物理内存（Bytes）的OID：.4.1.960.1.0； c. 故障管理根据预先设置，代理对网络中的异常断开及时发送错误提示给管理站，使管理者最快发现网络中存在的问题，及时进行处理。通过SNMP获取设备端口的相关信息需要设备的SNMP代理对一些被管对象的支持。这些被管理对象有的是通用的，比如MIB-II中的某些被管理对象；有的是私有的，例如CISCO定义和一些MIB。当查询到某一接口的值时，由索引对象的值来决定OID，如表4.5所示。 表4.5 索引值与OID关系表ifIndex ifDescrifOperStatus1Ethnet 012Serial0/013Serial0/12Serial0/0的接口变量的OID值为：..1.8.2,即列对象ifOperStatus的OID（..1.8）+索引对象ifIndex值（2）。 d. 网络可达性在网络运行过程中，常常有各种各样的原因，致使网络产生中断，较好的发现这些问题，并进行专业的测试，网络中一点到一点的连通性很是关键。利用ICMP协议的请求应答报文的特点，适合作为连通性测试的工具。利用ICMP协议进行相关的检测；根据ICMP报文的特点，当报文的类型部分的值为8，代码部分值为0，就是一个回显请求报文。5 总结本文主要叙述了基于SNMP进行网络管理的方法。通过对传统网络管理方法的学习、比较，发现传统网络管理方法的一些局限性和不足之处，从而提出采用基于SNMP的网络管理的思路，探索一种简便的网络管理方法。本论文首先分析了网络管理的基本概念和功能，然后概述目前网络管理发展新趋势以一种设计简单、操作简便的方法来进行网络管理，应用SNMP+开发包来进行网络管理软件开发的新思路，以适应网络管理技术的发展需要。本文使用VC对基于SNMP的网络管理系统的开发，实现了VC对SNMP+各个类的成员调用的方法，在此基础上利用SNMP进行对网络实施管理，包括网络信息的采集和获取，对网络资源进行合理监控，实现对可管网络资源信息的处理，建立了基于SNMP的网络管理系统，初步尝试了一种不同于传统网络管理方法的新的网络管理技术运用。参考文献1 Shervin Erfani, Victor B. 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Access Network J 2002(02):72.8 杨云江.计算机网络技术M.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:47.23-249 季风.网络管理和SNMP协议.计算机周刊.2001-08-03.10 岑贤道,安常青.网络管理协议及应用开发M.清华大学出版社,1998:203011 雷震甲.网络工程师教程M.清华大学出版社,200412 William Stallings.SNMP 网络管理M.中国电力出版社,200113 李天剑,曾文方.网络管理协议的分析与展望J.计算机系统应用,1999, 5: 17-2014 贾铁军.网络安全技术及应用实践教程M.北京:机械工业出版社, 2001:79.15 黄基前.理解 SNMP、SNMP+及用 VC+6. 0 实现 WindowsSNMP 编程16 周媛,石跃祥.基于SNMP协议的局域网网络管理系统的设计汇J.湘潭师范学院学报,2006,28(1):51一5217 谢希仁.计算机网络M8.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:46一52.18 李捷,王汝传.SMMP原理及SNMP编程技术的研究J.四川通信技术,2002,2(32):53一5519 王平,赵宏.一个基于SNMP的简单网络管理系统的设计和实现x.小型微型计算机系统.2001,16(9):1047一1050.20 王凌武.基于SNMP网络管理的研究与实现D.杭州:浙江大学,2005毕业设计（论文）知识产权声明为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest Chinas Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansus Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will come back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.He says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldnt help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didnt have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and todays performers of the troupe still tour the regions villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijings Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast Chinas Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight” session at China Guardian 2015 spring auctions, Pan Tianshous representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2015 Spring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,” said the president of China Guardians Hu Yanyan. Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2015 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images” achieved a great deal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in Chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. Whats lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at whats to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an English-speaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly competent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the commonalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has becomehow shall I put it?a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emersons essay titled Self-Reliance. If youve not yet read it, I strongly encourage you to do so. In this essay, the venerable Emerson talks about eschewing the trappings of society and finding ones own path. He urges the reader to find rectitude and lead a moral life. He professes that, only by being self reliant, as opposed to relying on the government and being dictated to by society, can one begin leading a decent and purposeful life. He avers that such a life is the only life worth living. I agree with him.