IGCC战略思想在中国的发展外文翻译.doc

华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译（本科学生用）题 目：IGCC战略思想在中国的发展_学 生 姓 名：陈正 学号：090204011101学 部（系）: 机械与电气工程学部_专 业 年 级: 09级热能与动力工程1班_指 导 教 师: 曹娜_职称或学位: 硕士_ 2013年 3月 10 日外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）：【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出 版 社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】IGCC战略思想在中国的发展摘要：随着电力需求的火速增长中国正在以快于世界其它国家大约15%的速度不断建设新的发电设施，它们中大约80%是以煤为燃料。国际能源机构2006年发表在世界能源展望参考杂志中的文章预测中国总的发电容量将从2004年的442GW增长到2030年的1496GW，增长3.4倍，平均以每年4.8%的速度增长。大型发电厂的发展需求将仍然以火力发电为主。因为新的火力发电厂的建设在当今有很长的生命周期，同时其涉及的技术不容易得到升级，现在的决策将对未来煤的利用有着重大影响。因此，未来20年是对传统的煤的转型利用提出改进的关键阶段。因为在低污染水平条件下整体煤气化循环能够提供电力、液体燃料、氧气和其它的化学燃料，同时它能够使二氧化碳的收集和隔离比传统的射流式燃煤锅炉发电更便利，整体煤气化循环（IGCC）将是直接有效的中国迎接能源的需求和环境的挑战的方法。本篇论文将对中国能源和环境挑战与机遇作出论述，阐述IGCC技术。这里将讨论为什么中国需要发展IGCC。什么是中国发展IGCC的基础？中国发展IGCC的相关推动力是什么？在中国什么是IGCC的合理发展模式？关键词：中国；整体煤气化循环（IGCC）；可持续发展1. 引言1.1 以煤为主的混合性燃料将会长时间存在于中国中国是世界上最大的煤炭生产和消耗国。由于过去十年中国经济以超过10%的速度增长，所以中国对煤的需求增长迅速。中国能源的生产和消耗都以煤为主。可以预测中国未来能源的需求量巨大，尤其是煤炭，可以预计，煤炭将在中国能源结构中长期占据主导低位。根据国际能源机构2006年的世界能源展望预计，中国到2030年的年初级能源需求量将是4865Mt，是2004年全国能源消耗的两倍。煤炭的消耗将预计占到所有一次能源消耗的60%左右，达到2959 Mt每年的预测值。1.2 在中国，越来越多的煤炭将被用于发电在中国，煤炭是最重要的能源资源，同时它是除了运输之外的所有社会部门的源头。煤炭在中国和其它发达国家的使用是很不同的。煤用于发电所占比例在美国，欧盟和日本分别是90%，60%和51%。然而，2005年中国煤炭用于发电所占比例仅仅是44%。从全球来看，煤炭依然是发电的主要能源。从现在起，随着煤炭逐渐退出目前的一些领域，它用于发电的比例还将增加，即使在2030年之前其它代替能源得到极大发展，但煤炭依然将是发电最重要的能源。1.3 在中国，煤炭已经引起了严重的污染和大量的CO2排放物煤炭的开采和利用已经引起了严重的污染和生态环境的恶化。总而言之，70-80%或更多的SO2、NOx、Hg、粉尘和CO2是由煤炭的燃烧直接引起的。目前，大约30-40%的中国地区，特别是西南部正遭受着酸雨的袭击，同时呼吸系统疾病正不断的增加。尤其由煤炭燃烧所引起的CO2问题很难去解决，因为烟气排放量太过巨大，以及其中CO2的浓度较低(13%)。并且CO2捕捉是一种高能耗过程，同时它将使火电厂的效率降低9-13%左右。中国现在是仅次于美国的第二大CO2排放国。去年十一月国际能源机构的报道显示中国2009年将超过美国成为世界上最大的CO2排放国。而由美国二氧化碳信息分析中心目前的推测，预计这一日期将提前至2007年。原文Strategic thinking on IGCC development in ChinaAbstractWith electricity demand growing at a torrid paceabout 15% per year, faster than any other country in the worldChina is fast-tracking the construction of new generation facilities, about 80% of which are coal-red. Chinas total capacity in the reference scenarioofWorld Energy Outlook 2006 (WEO2006) released by the International Energy Agency (IEA) is projected to practically 3.4 times, from442GW in 2004 to 1496GW in 2030, growing at 4.8% per year on average. The vast majority of this huge generation requirement will still be met through the construction of coal power plants. Because new coal power plants built today have a long life cycle and are not easy to upgrade the technologies involved, decisions made now will have a major impact on the coal utilization mode in the coming years.Thus, the future 20 years is the strategic opportunity period of the transition of conventional coal utilization. Because the Integrated Gasication Combined Cycle (IGCC) can supply electricity, liquid fuels, hydrogen and other chemicals if needed at low pollu -tion level,and has the potential to make carbon capture and sequestration much easier and cheaper than traditional pulverized coal boiler power plants, it should be the strategic direction for China to meet the requirements of the energy and environmental challenges. This paper makes an overview of Chinas energy and environmental challenges and opportunities, and describes the IGCC technology. It discusses why China should develop IGCC. What are the foundations for China to develop IGCC? What are the rational driving forces to develop IGCC in China? What is the reasonable developing path of IGCC in China?Keywords: China; IGCC; Sustainable development1. General background1.1. A coal-dominated energy mix will long exist in ChinaChina is the worlds largest producer and user of coal.Due to the greater than 10% economic growth in the past10 years, the Chinese demand for coal grew rapidly. both energy production and consumption in China are dominated by coal (NBS, 2007).Although forecasts on Chinas future energy demand vary, they are consistent with regard to coals long-term dominance in China in foreseeable future. According to the World Energy Outlook 2006 (WEO2006) of the Interna-tional Energy Agency (IEA), Chinas annual primary energy de -mand is expected to be 4865Mtce by 2030, twice the countrys energy con-sumption in 2004. Coal consump-tion is expected to account for around 61% of the total primary energy consumption, reaching 2959Mtce per year-reference scenario.1.2.More and more coal will be used for power generation in ChinaIn China, coal is the most important energy resource and it is a resource for all sectors of society except transportation. The use of coal in China is very different from that in the developed countries. The percentages of coal used for power generation in the US, EU, and Japan are 90%, 60% and 51%, respectively . However, the percentage of coal in China is only 44% in 2005 From a global perspective, coal will still be the dominant energy for power generation. From now on, the percentage of coal used for power generation will be increasing,along with the coal gradually withdrawing from some present sectors. Even if other alternatives for power generation achieve the upper limit of development before 2030,coal will still be the most important energy for power generation.1.3. Coal has already been causing severe pollution and huge carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in ChinaThe exploration and utilization of coal have already been causing severe pollution and ecological degradation. In all,7080% or more sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg), particulates and CO2 are caused by direct combustion of coal. Currently, about 3040% of Chinas territory, especially the southwest, is suffering from acid rain and respiratory system diseases are continuously increasing. Particularly, it is quite difcult to solv