工业建设有限公司脚手架操作规程.doc

上海石化金艺工业建设有限公司Shanghai Petrochemical JINYI Industry Construction Co., Ltd.脚 手 架 操 作 规 程Scaffold Operation Procedure上海石化金艺工业建设有限公司二OO六年二月二十八日Shanghai Petrochemical Jinyi Industry Construction Co., Ltd.2006-3-8脚手架操作规程scaffold operation procedure9一、脚手架搭设一般规定general rule for scaffold erection1所有脚手架临边都必须带扶手，扶手应高于平台1.2m，扶手两道，第一道0.6M，防止操作人员蹲下作业时从扶手空隙中坠落。All scaffolds edges shall be attached with guardrails, and guardrails shall be 1.2m higher than platform deck. Two rows of guardrail shall be installed, for the lower row guardrail, it shall be installed 0.6m at height above platform deck so as to prevent operators to fall from height through guardrail gap.2脚手架铺板必须稳，板端至少伸出执掌15公分，但不得超出30公分；脚手板伸出1530公分能够保证脚手板有足够锚固长度，又防止脚手板探头过多而翘头坠落。The scaffold board shall be secured well with its ends extending 15cm out of bracing, but no more than 30cm. scaffold boards shall be left 15-30cm out for both ends with a view to not only being anchored and also being prevented a scaffold board from losing its weight balance to bring about a falling.3所有脚手架用作安装和拆除施工时，平台应满铺板。For all scaffolds, whenever used for installation or demolishing job purpose, the work platform shall be laid with scaffold boards in full.4所有脚手架应配置一个爬梯，脚手架爬梯大于6米时要设置休息平台，爬梯步距不大于400mm，爬梯步距过大容易导致人员上下时膝盖碰档。All scaffolds shall be attached with an access ladder, and if the length of access ladder is in excessive of 6meters, a transitional platform shall be provided, and make sure the step spacing of access ladder shall no more than 400mm. An excessive spacing of access ladder shall make personnels knee bumping into ledgers on ladder.5脚手架与建筑或构筑物之间应设横向竖向不超过4米绑扎固定点，无法固定的应设置抛撑；防止脚手架水平倾斜。Tying joints shall be applied between scaffold and building or structure and arranged within 4 meters both in horizontal and transversal directions. For the case no tying joints can be applied, projectile supports shall be made to prevent scaffold from lean.6所有脚手架在操作层，应设置踢脚板，踢脚板高度不小于20厘米，应绑扎在立杆上，以备操作层并防止使用工具坠落。For scaffold erection, toe board shall be applied to operation deck, and the toe board shall not less than 20cm in height and shall be tied to upright poles for operation purpose and to prevent tools from falling.7脚手架铺板必须采用5厘米厚20-40厘米宽的木板，宜采用30cm；脚手板不得用损坏、开裂，保证脚手板有足够的强度，防止脚手板在活动荷栽作用下断裂破坏。Scaffold planks shall be wooden board 5cm in thickness and 20-40cm in width (30cm in thickness is suitable). All planks shall not be damaged or cracked to assure sufficient strength to avoid the planks from being broken up by live load.8脚手架基础设置在砼面、沥青路面上；脚手架要求配置1515厘米钢基础板或用宽大于25厘米厚5厘米长大于二根立杆距离的木板，防止基础变形。The scaffold foundation shall be made on concrete or bitumen road surface. The scaffold shall use 1515 steel plates or wooden planks that its dimension shall 25 plus and 5cm in thickness length longer than the distance between two adjacent upright poles so as to prevent foundation from deformation.9所有在钢平台上脚手架都要有垫板，加大立杆对钢平台接触面，减少对平台的压强。All scaffold erected on steel platform shall be engage with foundation pad to increase the contact area for upright poles against steel platform surface and to ease the point pressure upon platform.10所有脚手架上不得堆放任何杂物，减轻脚手架的荷载，并防止杂物、材料坠落。No sundries shall be stacked on scaffold with a view to releasing loads against scaffold and also to prevent sundries and materials from falling.11搭拆脚手架所有材料不得抛物，防止抛物伤人、机械设备，并使原材料损坏。All parts or materials for scaffold erection shall never be allowed to toss or throw so as to prevent individuals or equipment from being injured or damaged, and also to prevent raw materials from being damaged.12高度大于30米脚手架，除去上部30米的部分，对以下至地面部分立杆要加通长邦杆，邦杆要紧靠立杆并用每米不少于一只回转扣件连接，加强脚手架的强度。If the scaffold is higher than 30 meters, besides the section above 30m, all upright poles of the below section below 30m shall be secured with tie pole, the tie pole shall be clung to upright poles, and one rotary coupler at least shall be used within every meter so as to strengthen the scaffold.13小横杆伸出外立杆连接扣件大于10厘米，满足小横杆和扣件有足够的锚固长度，防止小横杆滑落。The transom pole shall be extended at least 10cm out of exterior upright pole, which can meet the requirement for anchoring and prevent transom from sliding downward.14脚手架要在两端、转角处、中间每隔1215M设置剪刀撑，剪刀撑应连接3根立杆以上并和地面成4560；所有剪刀撑要沿高连续设置，沿竖向每隔1015M高加设一道长剪刀撑将各个剪刀撑连成整体。Bridging shall be installed at every 12-15cm at two side ends and turning joints and middle part of a scaffold. All bridging shall be connected to 3 upright poles and kept a 4560angle against ground. All bridging shall be set up on a continual way, a longer bridging shall be attached to integrate all bridging together at every 10-15M.15所有悬挑脚手架和平台应配置独立竖向安全锚杆；所有作业人员安全带应于该锚杆固定；这样是在平台上作业人员有双保险。All suspended scaffold and its deck shall be attached with independent vertical safety anchorage pole. All operators shall hook their safety harness on this anchorage pole during working on deck so as to bring a dual securing measures for operators working on deck.16脚手架立杆距离不大于2米，承重脚手架立杆距根据要求另计算；水平杆步距1.8m，小横杆固定在立杆上，这样使重力直接通过立杆传递给基础。The spacing between every two adjacent upright poles shall be no more than 2m, for load-duty scaffold, the spacing of its upright poles shall be calculated before erection, i.e. the horizontal poles shall be at 1.8m, rib pole shall be secured on upright poles so as to pass the load weight to foundation through upright poles.1720米以上的大型脚手架，在易燃易爆精密装置工作环境搭设时需专人监护。Large scaffold above 20meters shall be erected under the dedicated supervision personnel within inflammable and explosion-prone plant area.二、脚手架材料要求requirement for parts & materials scaffold1. 脚手架所有材料必须符合国家建筑材料相关规定，并符合赛科规定；钢管外径48壁厚3.253.5焊管；脚手板采用厚50mm宽250mm硬质松木。All materials related to scaffold should be in conformity with state regulation upon building materials and SECCOs requirement. The Steel tubes shall be of external diameter 48, well thickness 3.253.5, welded steel tube. The scaffold plank shall be 50mm in thickness and 250mm in width hard deal.2. 材料一定要有质保书、合格证。Scaffold materials shall be provided with quality assurance certificate and certificate of conformance.3. 安全网用小眼密封网。Small meshed net shall be used as safety net.三：脚手架的搭拆流程erection and removal procedure for scaffolding1. 根据施工要求不同处理脚手架的基础treatment of scaffold foundation according to different construction requirement1.1 在一般的绿化土、松散石子场地上，首先要对基础夯实平整并做好排水沟，垫上木板，使基础有足够承载力，防止脚手架在使用过程中承载变形倾斜。In the locality of ordinary soil ground or rubble ground, a compact and leveling shall be made to tamp the foundation, and drainage ditch shall be made. And then to lay wooden planks to provide sufficient weight-bearing capability so as to avoid from leaning or deformation of scaffold during its application.1.2 在水泥、沥青路面上脚手架基础用木垫板。If on concrete or bitumen road surface, the scaffold foundation shall be made with wooden planks.1.3 在钢平台垫200*200木垫板。If on steel platform, 200*200 wooden planks shall be used as pad board.2：独立脚手架（排架）independent scaffold (in row)2.1 独立脚手架7M以内如无固定连接点，可以用抛撑固定；高于7米必须设置固定连接点，保证脚手架在水平力作用下稳定。For independent scaffold within 7 meters in height, if no secure joints are arranged, projectile supports shall be engaged to secure the scaffold. For the height of scaffold is higher than 7 meters, secure joints shall be set up to assure the stability of scaffold to sustain the side force.2.2 如无固定连接点超过7M不可以用独立脚手架，可用塔式架。If no secure joints is available for height in excess of 7meters independent scaffold shall not be engaged. Tower scaffold shall be used.Toe board 180mm in height, painted with yellow and black paint alternately.踢脚板高180MM刷黄黑相间油漆 剪刀撑scissors bracing垫板pad board2.3 搭设过程：在平整好的基础上固定扫地杆，再固定扫地杆上起立杆，架子工在地面上固定好第一步水平杆，铺二块脚手板，在脚手板上高处先固定好一根小横杆系安全带；依次向上；未和固定点连接时在6M以内先用抛撑固定以防水平倾斜；在超作面上铺不少于3块脚手板；两端用镀锌铁丝扎紧。Erection course: base lift shall be installed on leveled foundation, and then set up upright poles on base lift. Scaffolders shall fasten the first level horizontal pole, and then lay too planks on, and then install a transom pole for safety harness hooking purpose, and repeat the aforesaid procedure. If no securing joint is connected within 6m, a cross bracing shall be engaged to prevent a horizontal leaning of scaffold. Every operation deck shall be laid with no less than 3 scaffold planks. Both end of planks shall be tied tightly by galvanized steel wire2.4 搭设工艺：（1）首先掌握工程构造特点，按脚手架高度决定平面的布置和设计脚手架与建筑物的距离，一般距工作面200MM。（2）根据设计位置竖立立杆，立杆必须里、外交错，纵向交错。（3）竖杆必须集体配合，按里立杆外立杆小横杆大横杆的搭设顺序，依次进行。（4）大横杆必须留有转角立面长度。（5）当四根立杆竖立后，并进行了纵、横水平杆的连接，即形成了脚手架的第一单元架体，由此不断延伸，在延伸中为了防止晃动、倒塌必须采取临时支撑，以及每延伸23跨都应设置临时的稳固措施。（6）立杆必须垂直，在搭设过程中可以以目测的手段对附近的柱、或采用线锤校正。（7）水平杆和垂直杆必须用直角扣件固定。（8）大横杆的布置要用不同长度的杆件作大横杆做到上下交错；（9）小横杆和立杆同样采用直角扣件连接。（10）及时做好固定连接点，拆除临时固定。Erection process: (1) Firstly, the major feature shall be mastered. The operation deck and the distance between scaffold and building shall be decided by the height of scaffold, normally it shall be kept at a distance of 200mm away from operation deck. (2) upright poles shall be erected in an overall way, i.e. an inside upright pole-an outside upright pole-small transom-big transom. (4) Big transom shall be left with a length sufficient for the jointing row. (5) When 4 upright poles area settled and horizontal and transversal poles are connected, it represents a basic unit of scaffold is done, and to repeat the same procedure to stretch out the scaffold, and make sure that temporary securing measures shall be engaged at every 2 or 3 spans. (6) the upright pole shall be vertical. Visual measuring or plummet can be used to verify the adjacent poles. (7) horizontal poles and vertical pole shall be secured with right couplers. (8) large transversal pole shall be arranged in staggering pattern with different length pole parts. (9) small transversal pole and upright poles shall be connected with right coupler. (10) joints shall be secured in time, and then temporary joints shall be removed.2.5 拆除工艺:脚手架拆除时要由上向下,所有材料要用绳吊下,不能把拆下的材料放置在脚手架上 Process for removal: The removal sequence shall be made from upper to lower, all dismantled parts or materials shall be hoisted to ground by rope, and it is prohibited to stack the dismantled tubes or materials on scaffold deck.2.6 搭设的安全措施: Safety measures for erection2.6.1了解施工环境，做好电线、管线、设备仪表的保护。To investigate site condition, and to make a good protection against cable, pipeline, equipment and instrument. 2.6.2设置警戒线，防止坠物伤人。Guard line shall be made to prevent from falling injury accident.2.6.3为了保证架子工安全，凡是六级风以上、下雨、雷雨、下雪、大雾天禁止搭设脚手架。In order to assure the safety of scaffolders, erection shall not be allowed to perform in the case of Beaufort Wind Scale category or rainy day or thunder storm or snow or heavy fog.2.6.4落地脚手架是一步一步向上递升，在进行上一步搭设时，下一步就是工作环境要达到操作要求。Landed scaffold shall be erected up lift by lift. When erect the upper lift, the lower lift shall be made to meeting the requirement of operation.3在脚手架上悬挑：Projecting on scaffold3.1先按照独立架的方法，搭好垂直架子做好固定连接后进行悬挑施工。Following the method same as independent scaffold, vertical rig shall be erected and then secured, and then make projecting work.3.2悬挑脚手架的悬挑面不大于1200MM，斜撑杆和立杆夹角小于30，施工荷栽不大于1KN/M2 The area of the projecting span shall never be larger than 1200mm. The included angle between shoring poles and upright poles shall be less than 30, the load shall be no more than 1KN/M2. 4. 球罐脚手架搭设：Erection of scaffold for spherical tank 4.1球罐外排架搭设 erection of scaffold outside spherical tank4.1.1首先在沿球罐垂直投影向外1.5米根据工作需要搭设一圈钢管围护，并根据需要加盖三防布。First of all, to erect, if necessary, a circle of steel tube 1.5m outside along the tangent projection of outer diameter of spherical tank, and apply shielding sheeting as required.4.1.2在球罐外沿球罐垂直投影外圈线向内每隔1.5米搭设一圈排架。根据工作需搭设一条行通道，上面用安全网或三防布覆盖好防止高处物坠落。具体搭设要求同排架搭设。According to tangent projection line, a circle of row rig shall be put up every 1.5m inward. A gangway shall be erected as work required, and it shall be covered with safety net or shielding sheeting to prevent from objects fall from height. The specific requirement for erection shall be same as that of row rig.4.2球罐内搭脚手架erection of scaffold inside spherical tank 4.2.1球罐内搭设时，钢管材料要轻拿轻放且钢管底部与球罐内壁接触处要用橡皮垫块垫好，根据球罐尺寸定材搭设. When erecting scaffold within a spherical tank, steel tubes shall be handled very gently, and rubber pad shall be engaged to isolate steel tube end from internal well of the spherical tank. The scaffold shall be made in accordance with the dimension of the spherical tank.4.2.2搭设时要注意脚手架的整体稳定性，搭设时要有足够的防爆照明和通风。In the course of erection, attention shall be paid to the overall stability of the scaffold. Sufficient explosion-proof lighting and ventilation shall be available in the duration of scaffold erection.5.高塔的外排脚手架搭设：Erection of scaffold outside tower column 5.1脚手架底座垫50mm厚长木板或槽钢。The base shall be underlain with 50mm thick long wooden plank or channel steel.5.2脚手架搭成圆弧形。24米以下采用双立杆，24米以上采用单立杆。Scaffold shall be erected in an arc shape. For scaffold height in excess of 24m, dual upright poles shall be engaged. For scaffold height below 24 meters, singular upright pole shall be taken.5.3外脚手有平台，采用双立杆。平台内为单立杆，以减轻平台自身重量。Such scaffold shall be erected with deck and dual upright poles. Inside deck, singular pole shall be erected to abate deadweight of scaffold itself.5.4没有平台的地方采用内外双立杆，每排架扶手二道。Where it has no platform, internal and external upright poles shall be engaged. Dual guardrails shall be attached to each row of scaffold.5.5为了保证脚手架的整体稳定性，外排架子，每排都增设斜撑。In order to assure overall stability of scaffold, external row of scaffold shall be attached additional cross bracing for each row.5.6保温损坏的地方，满铺脚手板，脚手板要放平放稳保证下道工序安全使用。Where insulation is damaged, scaffold planks shall be laid in full, scaffold board shall be laid in proper and stable way to assure the safety of following procedure.6. 拆除脚手架 removal of scaffold 6.1拆除脚手架前应征询赛科使用人的意见，由项目负责人进行拆除安全技术交底。Before removal scaffold, Secco users opinion shall be consulted, and the project head shall be responsible for safety technology disclosure.6.2拆除前应全面检查脚手架的扣件连接、支撑体系等是否牢固。Before removal work, an overall check shall be done against all couplers connections and supporting system. 6.3清除脚手架上杂物及地面障碍物。Remove all sundries on scaffold and obstacles on ground.6.4拆除作业必须由上而下逐步进行，严禁上拆除作业必须由上而下逐步进行，严禁上下同时作业。The removal work shall be conducted in an upper-to-lower sequence. It is prohibited to make removal operation in an adverse sequence, and also prohibited to conduct removal operation concurrently on both upper and lower parts of scaffold.6.5当脚手架分段、分立面拆除时，对不拆除的脚手架设置横向斜撑等进行加固。When scaffold is being dismantled section-by-section, stretch-by-stretch, the remained scaffold shall be attached with transversal bracing to securely fasten.6.6拆除完毕后，拆除的脚手架钢管、扣件等及时清场。When removal work is over, the dismantled steel tubes, couplers and other parts shall be removed from site ASAP.附表：建筑安装工程安全技术规程Technical safety Code for Construction and Building Work建筑施工高处作业安全技术规范Technical Code for safety of high altitude operation of building construction建筑施工普通脚手架安全技术规定（试行）Technical safety code for common scaffold erection in Construction序号No.工作步骤Steps 危害或现潜在危害hazard or potential hazard主要后果Major conseq.可能性LPossibilityLow后果严重性SSeriousness 风险度RRisk控制、防范措施Control and precautious measures 1脚手架的搭设erection of scaffold搭设位置与连接件承载强度不够Improper locality and coupler with insufficient strength造成多人伤亡Mass casualty 2510脚手架搭设前应调查搭设位置的受力情况，做好加固措施Before erection of scaffold, a check shall be made on locality load bearing nature, and provide securing measure.脚手架与输电线路间距太小Scaffolding not kept enough distance away from power line.人员触电坠落伤亡Personnel electrocuted and fall and die 248脚手架与输电线路应保持安全距离，必要时做强度设计和编制施工方案，搭设完工后必须进行检查，确认合格并确定负责人、监护人、挂牌后方可使用。A safe distance shall be kept between scaffold and power line. If necessary, a strength design and work proposal shall be prepared. And a check shall be conducted after scaffold erection, and the scaffold shall be verified in conformity. Person in charge, supervisors shall be appointed. The 脚手架强度不够，脚手架选材不当scaffold without enough strength, material not properly selected.造成多人伤亡、脚手架倒塌Leads to personnel casualty and collapse of scaffold155脚手架承载强度不小于270公斤/平方米，应选用符合标准的脚手架材料，禁止钢、竹、木混搭；搭设前应检查。不得使用严重锈蚀、弯曲、压扁和裂纹材料。The load bearing capacity of scaffold shall be no less than 270kg/m2, only on-spec materials shall be accepted for scaffold erection. It is prohibited to mix steel, bamboo and wood when in erection. Before erection, a check shall be done. It is not allowed to use severely rusty, bent, staved flat and cracked materials脚手架由非专业人员搭设scaffold not erected by professionals人员高处坠落或脚手架倒塌造成多人伤亡personnel falling from the height or collapse of scaffold to cause personnel injury.2510脚手架应由专业脚手架搭设队伍和取得架子工证件的专业人员搭设。The scaffold shall be erected by professional scaffold erectors and those with operation certificates.搭设间距超标，防护措施不到位Erection spacing in excess of standard required, and protective measure no in place.脚手架倒塌或人员高处坠落造成多人伤亡collapse of scaffold, personnel fall from height to cause personnel casualty2510脚手架的步距不得大于1.8米，立杆间距不大于1.8米，双排脚手架立杆间距不大于1.35米，不宜使用单排脚手架，脚手架的基点依附结构必须牢固可靠，架体不得晃动，有专门的上下通道和梯子，作业面脚手架必须满铺、绑扎固定，四周有不小于1米高的 防护栏杆，必要时应设安全带挂设干，并在400mm-600mm高处架设一道护栏，临通道、街道面还应挂安全网、180mm当脚板。The pace shall be no more than 1.8m, and spacing of every 2 adjacent upright poles shall be no more than 1.8m. For dual row scaffold, the spacing of two adjacent upright poles shall be no more than 1.35m. it is recommended to use singular row scaffold. The basic tying structure shall firm and reliable, the scaffold rig shall be maintained securely and equipped with dedicated gangway and access ladder. Scaffold planks shall be laid in full and tied securely on operation deck. A row guardrail no less than 1 meter shall be put up along perimeter.