如何做好英语阅读理解.doc

如何做好英语阅读理解摘要：英语阅读能力在英语学习中起着至关重要的作用，阅读理解题型在高中英语试卷中所占分值是整个试卷分值的一半以上。要获得高考英语高分，必须让学生要具备一定的词汇量，具备一定的语法知识，掌握一定的阅读技能。英语阅读能力在英语学习中起着至关重要的作用，它不仅是增长知识获取信息的重要途径，而且也是提高听、说、写能力的有力杠杆。英语阅读理解题型在高中英语试卷中所占分值是整个试卷分值的一半以上（阅读理解、完形填空、改错都包括在内），它是高考考查的重点。所以做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键。下面我就结合平时教学中的经验体会，谈谈如何做好英语阅读理解。一、要具备一定的词汇量。具备一定的词汇量是阅读理解的基础，没有一定的词汇量就很难读懂文章，获取信息也就无从谈起。而背单词又是一个老生常谈的话题，也是被大家认为是最难、最枯燥的事情。基础好的学生可以通过阅读学习单词，但是对于基础不好的学生来说，这点根本行不通。整篇文章都看不太明白，还谈什么学习单词？所以我采取的方法就是在每天定量反复背诵课本要求识记的单词之外，把近期要做的阅读理解中出现的生单词以介绍、教发音的方式每天讲两个，第二天，提示英语说汉语，或反之。慢慢积累，这种做法使学生拿到阅读理解题后，觉得刚不久记过的单词就在文章中，这样一来，学生的记忆就比较深刻了；再者就是通过构词法来记词，从而达到学生扩大词汇的目的。二、要具备一定的语法知识许多学生在阅读过程中会提出这样的问题，有些文章生词量并不大，有的句子甚至连一个生词都没有，但都不能正确读懂其中的含义，这就是语法问题了。如在阅读中遇到令人费解的长句、难句，就可以借助语法对句子进行适当的分析，搞清各部分的关系，即：缩句去找主句，然后找从句及其它修饰成分，分清是什么样的从句，并列还是从属的，和谁并列、修饰谁，结合上下文语境，就可以对其含义作出准确判断，例如：She will be among 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000- mile, 130-day route across five continents。这句话中出现了定语从句，其修饰的词是“runners”，而主句的主语是she，she只是runners这类人中的一个，所以你不能单纯理解为she要跑完全程，这样一来意思就明晰了。三、掌握一定的阅读技能。在一定词汇量和语法知识具备的情况下，借助一定的技巧才会进行有效阅读。技巧1：阅读三步骤。A.泛读：通过略看文章的总体结构安排或文章的标题来预测文章是说人说事还是说物，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图（多看首段和结尾段）。B.寻读：在确定了文章主要的讨论内容之后，建议把所设置的问题进行阅读，然后在文章中寻找到与其相关的句子或段落，并标注其题号，对不相关的内容一带而过。C.细读：了解了试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后对相关信息进行快速定位后，再将其进行整合，分析、对比,有根有据的排干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。技巧2：注意试题题干的设置。一般阅读理解后的选题是35个，我们可以把它们归纳一下，发现其题型有： 找文章主旨(whats the main idea for this passage?The main purpose of writing this text is_Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?) 根据文章对其表述选出与文章内容不符或相符的(Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?All the statements are true except that _) 找人物、找时间、找地点 逻辑推理。（It can be inferred from the passage that_From the passage ,we can conclude that_） 判断某个词或短语在文中的意思。(The underlined word in the passage can be best replaced by_which of the following best explains the underlined phrase?)其中比较难的就是归纳概括题（中心思想、加标题）和推理判断题。它必须忠实于原文，要以文章提供的 事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer, imply ,suggest, indicate 等。技巧3：分门别类识别文体。随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋向于信息化、时代化. 内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等。文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等五花八门。不同的文体阅读要求与方法不尽相同。记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素：when ,where, who, how ，这类文章有时会要求你就所发生事件的先后排序，如：Choose the right time order of the following events；议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此阅读时要正确把握文章的论点、论据，理清论证思路及得出的结论。如：The authors attitude toward something can be described as_.这样的问题就与作者的立场和观点有直接关系；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，这类阅读应简明扼要的抓住所需信息即可。统览全篇，摘寻要点。如： Percentage of Satisfied Customers1. Accordind to the graph ,in which area did Freedom Airlines have the greatest percent of satisfied customers?A: Friendly Service B:Comfortable Seating C: Overall Experience D:Ticket Prices2. In what area in the survey did Freedom Airline rank the same as the other airlines?A: Food and Beverages B:Comfortable Seating C: Overall Experience D:Ticket Prices这篇图示阅读文章我们就可以先看所设问题再回到图示中找其相关内容就可以做出答案了。技巧4：积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。有些阅读文章涉及地理、历史、书刊号、特殊人物、事件或原理等，文中就会出现较多的专有名词，对于阅读经验不足的同学会形成干扰，而对那些了解的同学相对就会好一些。所以课外大量的阅读有助于你对英语阅读的理解。总之，要想做好英语阅读理解不仅要有扎实的语言基础，还要注意技巧。但是勤学苦练是最有效的途径，否则，一切方法只能是投机取巧了。清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果As the contemporary society forges ahead amazingly, growing people, to have a better job or a better education, choose to move to a new city or a new country. But someone suppose that it is often not a good thing to relocating because of loss of old friends. Speaking for myself, we should relocate. We will take more than I lost.To start with, although moving to another city lead to lose the chances that communication with our friends face to face, we can use Instant Messenger, for instance QQ or MSN, by the Internet. I remember when I left my hometown, I just communicate with my friends by QQ. And he told me what happened recently, believe it or not, I told him the matters around me. Our friendship, in a sense, was enriched, not took off. To sum up, just moving will not cause losing our friendship.Besides, we can learn and view much more than in the old city. Generally speaking, something in the new city are different to those in the old city. For example, when I went to my collage, it is my first leaving home, I went to the city of spring-Jinan, a big city. It was my firstly seeing an ocean of people on the street, which I had never seen. I also saw too many springs, which I just had seen on TV or books. So I supposed I had left my hometown. Furthermore, I want to go to America, which is a freedom country, and I have an American Dream.To be honest, we can develop a new friendship in a new place. Maybe we would lost many old friends, but there wait many new friends. Losing old friends make us disappointed, but making new friends will let us happy. And in new city, we will meet more persons and make more friends. Maybe we can meet a very important person in my life. I, for instance, met Mr. Yan, who gave me a job to work in the office to serve our students, teachers and guests. I learned a lot, such as how to provide a perfect service to my guest, in the office. I suppose it is my most important experience in my life. So if I had not left my home town, I would not have this.All in all, we will not lose our old friends because of the internet. Furthermore, we will have more knowledge and new friendship. While we must lose something, but what we will take is more than it. So if I have a chance to go abroad or move to a new city or a new country, I will take it.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果Unit 2 Wheres the post office ?单元知识讲解与练习一、重点词汇post n. 邮件；邮递office n. 办公室；事务所 arcade n. 拱廊；有拱廊的街道；（内设电子游戏机等）游乐中心video arcade 电子游戏中心bank n. 银行supermarket n. 超市phone n. 电话pay v. 付钱 n. 付钱；薪金pay phone（投币式）公用电话park n. 公园avenue n. 大道；林荫道bridge n. 桥mail n. 邮政；邮件near prep. 接近；靠近across prep. 从（某物）的一边到另一边；横过across from在的对过excuse v. 原谅；宽恕neighborhood n. 附近；邻近地区just adv. （用于祈使句）且请；试请straight adv. 径直地；直接地；成直线地turn v. 转动；旋转left adv. 往左；向左n. 左面；左边 right adv. 往右；向右 n. 右面；右边welcome adj. 受欢迎dirty adj. 肮脏的old adj. 老的；旧的market n. 市场；市集soda n. 苏打水；汽水 pine n. 松树garden n. 花园；园子district n. 地区；区域offprep. 离开；远离take a walk 散步through prep. 穿过；经过passv. 经过；穿过；通过house n. 房子；住宅beginning n. 开始（的部分）；起点tour n. 旅行；旅游；参观；游览visit n. 游览；参观fun n. 娱乐；乐趣if conj. 假使；如果hungry adj. 饥饿的bench n. 长凳；板凳arrive v. 到达；抵达taxi n. 出租车；的士；计程车airport n. 飞机场yours pron. （用在英文信件署名前）你的；你们的二、重点词组post office 邮局Excuse me. （打扰他人，不同意，迫不得已而失礼时的道歉）对不起。have fun 玩得高兴；过得愉快youre=you areturn left向左转turn right 向右转take a taxi乘出租车；打的三、重点难点分析1. The pay phone is across from the library.across表示的是从某物的一边到另一边;横过.Our school is across the street. 我们的学校就在大街的那一边across from 在.的对面;在.对过 The hospital is across from the supermarket. 医院在超市的对面through表示的 是穿过,经过.2. Where is .? 是本单元讲的重点句型。这个句型是口语中最常用的句型之一。它可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。可以问人也可以问物。例如：问物：单数形式：Where is the pen? 那支钢笔哪去了？Where is my bike?我的自行车哪儿去了？复数形式：Where are the keys? 那些钥匙哪去了？Where are those cars? 那些小汽车呢？问人：单数形式：Where is Miss Wu?吴老师呢？Where is your mother? 你妈妈哪去了？复数形式：Where are the students of Class One? 一班的学生哪去了？Where are they?他们在哪儿？在本课中, Where is the ?表示某地方在哪儿？用来询问地方，也可以使用Is there ?询问时可加Excuse me.以表示客气，有礼貌。回答时可根据具体情况回答。例如： Excuse me.Where is the post office? 请问，邮局在什么地方？Its next to a shop. 在一家商店的旁边。Where is the station?车站在什么地方？Its over there on the left.在左边那儿。Is there a fruit shop near here?附近有水果店吗？Walk along this road, and take the second turning on the right.沿这条路往前走，第二个拐角处向右拐。 3.形容词 形容词是英语中常用的词性之一，是用来表示人或事物的性质或特征的词，如：light , big , white和形容电影的 exciting, funny 等等。通常在句中充当（名词的）定语、表语等。 修饰名词用作定语，表示人或物的性质、特征或状态等，一般置于名词或代词前面。如： a small cat 一只猫 a yellow shirt 一件黄衬衫 I dont want the red T-shirt. 我不想要那件红色的T恤衫。 四.习题检测与解析1.组句子a. there, is, a, next, pay, library, phone, to, the_?b. video, there, a, and, arcade, between, the, is, supermarket, the post office._.c. Green, it, down, is, Street, the, on, left_?d. where, are, you, live, any, beautiful, near, there, parks_?e. the, an, garden, interesting, from, across, street, is_.2.完型填空Its Sunday today. Mike and Tom are going to the zoo. They are waiting _1_ a bus.A red bus stops _2_ the bus stop. Mike and Tom _3_ on the bus. Here is a seat for _4_, Mike. No, thank you. There is _5_ seat at the front. I can _6_ there.The bus stops at the next stop. An old man gets on the bus. Mike and Tom _7_ stand up. Tom says, Heres a seat for you. Grandpa. Please sit here.Mike also says. please come here and _8_ my seat. Grandpa.Mine is _9_ the door. So take this seat, please, Grandpa. says Tom.Thank you. Thats very nice _10_ you.( ) 1. A. for B. at C. on D. to ( ) 2. A. on B. in C. at D. for ( ) 3. A. go B. walk C. run D. get ( ) 4. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself ( ) 5. A. other B. another C. the other D. others ( ) 6. A. stand B. do C. sit D. jump ( ) 7. A. too B. both C. all D. whole ( ) 8. A. have B. do C. has D. give ( ) 9. A. far B. far from C. near D. on ( ) 10.A. for B. to C. at D. of3. 阅读理解A.Pat Hogan was traveling around the country in his car. One evening he was driving along a road and looking for a small hotel, when he saw an old man at the side of the road. He stopped his car and said to the old man, I want to go to the Sun Hotel. Do you know it?Yes, the old man answered. Ill show you the way.He got into Pats car, and they drove for about twelve miles. When they came to a small house, the old man said, Stop here.Pat stopped and looked at the house. But this isnt a hotel, he said to the old man. No, the old man answered, this is my house. And now Ill show you the way to the Sun Hotel. Turn around and go back nine miles. Then youll see the Sun Hotel on the left.( ) 1. Where was Pat looking for?A. The Sun Hotel. B. The Moon Hotel.C. The Star Hotel.( ) 2. Whom did Pat meet?A. A policeman.B. An old man. C. An old woman. ( ) 3. Where did the old man take Pat to? A. The Sun Hotel. B. A supermarket.C. The old mans House.( ) 4. How far did Pat drive after the old man got on his car?A. Five miles.B. Twelve miles. C. Three miles.( ) 5. How far was the hotel from where Pat saw the old man? A. Twelve miles. B. Nine miles.C. Three miles.B.Look at the map . You are standing in the footprints (脚印), someone comes to you and asks the way. Can you answer his questions?（看下面地图，假如你正站在脚印的位置。有人过来向你问路，你能回答他的问题吗？）( ) 1 . Which street or road am I standing on now?A. New Street.B. Market Street.C. East Road.D. No Answers.( ) 2. How do I get to the library? A. Go along North Road and then turn left into West Road. Then you can see the library on your right.B. Go along North Road and take the second turning on the left, and then turn right. Now you can see the library on the left.C. Go along Market street and then turn left into Ferry street. And now you can see the library.D. Go along North Road and take the third turning on the left. and then turn right into River Street. Now you can see the library on yourright.( ) 3. Which place is the nearest if I walk there?A. The supermarket.B. The park.C. The police station.D. The swimming pool.( ) 4. Which is the shortest way for me to get to the Ferry?A. Market Street Ferry Street.B. East Road Ferry Street.C. Market Street Little Street. North Road. Ferry Street.D. East Road High Street Market Street Ferry Street.( ) 5. Which road should I take to go to the swimming pool?A. Old Street.B. East Road.C. Market Street.D. North Road.答案及解析:1.a. Is there a pay phone next to the library?b. There is a video arcade between the supermarket and the post office.c. Its down Green Street on the left.d. Are there any beautiful parks near where you live?e. Across from the street is an interesting garden.2.1、 wait for等候选A。2、 at the bus stop在小汽车站。选C。3、 get on the bus 上车。选D。（从下文An old man gets on the bus可推知。）4、 选A。5、 选B。another表示另一（座位）。6、 选C。7、 both表示（两者）都。all表示三者（或以上）都。选B。8、 have ones seat。坐某人的座位。选A。9、 句意为我的座位就在门的附近，所以请坐这个座位吧。选C。10、 Thats very nice of you. 你真是太好了。为固定句型。选D。3.A.A B C B C B.B D B A B 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果新目标英语八年级下册英语单词和短语默写 单词 Unit11. 机器人_2. wont = _3. theyll = _4. 每件事物_5. 纸_6. 使用，利用_7. 较少，较小_8. 较少的_9. 污染_10. 树，树木_11. shell = _12. 建筑物，房屋_13. 宇航员，航天员_14. 火箭_15. 空间，太空_16. 太空站_17. 飞行_18. 月亮；月球_19. 落下，跌落_(过去式= _ ) 20. 单独地，孤独地_21. 宠物_22. 鹦鹉_23. 大概，或许_24. 去滑冰_25. 一套衣服_26. 能够得以_27. 穿衣_28. 非正式地，随意地_29. 哪个，哪几个_30. 甚至_31. 世界杯_32. write的过去式_33. 我自己，我本人_34. 面试，面谈_35. 预言，预测_36. 实现，达到_37. 公司_38. think的过去式_39. 小说_40. 使人不愉快的_41. 科学家_42. 未来，将来_43. 可是，然而_44. 一百_45. 好几百，许许多多_46. 早已，先前_47. 工厂_48. 简单的，简易的_49. 这样的，这种_50. 厌烦的，厌倦的_51. 各地，到处_52. 人，人类_53. 外形，形状_54. 巨大的；极大的_55. 蛇_56. 寻找_57. 可能的_58. 电的，导电的_59. 牙刷_60. 像是，似乎_61. 不可能的，不会发生的_62. 家务，家务事_63. 级别，等级_短语 Unit 11. 在家通过电脑学习_2. 将来 _3. 免费的_4. 活到200岁_5. 一百年之后_6. 一张纸 _7. 更多/更少的树 _8. 更多/更少的污染 _10. 更少使用地铁 _11. 更多使用_12. 同意某人的意见 _13. 与谈话_14. 使用某物做某事 _16. 住在一间公寓 _17. 乘坐火箭到月球 _18. 爱上 _19. 独自居住_20. 能够做某事 _21. 去香港度假 _23. 飞到月球度假_24. 有朝一日 _25. 为某人工作_26. 看起来精神 _27. 实现 _28. 预言未来 _29. 看见某人做某事/正在做某事 _30. 数以百计的_31. 在太空 _32. 拥有某人自己的机器人_33. 科幻小说 _34. 帮助某人做家务 _35. 与做同样的事 _36. 叫醒某人_37. 与交朋友 _38. 某地有某人正在做某事 _39. 看起来更像 _40. 一遍又一遍地 _41.