《民法通则英文版》word版.doc

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Important Notice: (注意事项)英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编(1991年7月版).当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.This English document is coming from LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THEPEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS (1991.7)which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the StateCouncil of the Peoples Republic of China, and is published by the ChinaLegal System Publishing House.In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.Whole Document (法规全文)GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OFCHINA(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National PeoplesCongress, promulgated by Order No. 37 of the President of the PeoplesRepublic of China on April 12, 1986, and effective as of January 1, 1987)ContentsChapter I Basic PrinciplesChapter II Citizen (Natural Person)Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for CivilConductSection 2 GuardianshipSection 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and DeathSection 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding FarmHouseholdsSection 5 Individual PartnershipChapter III Legal PersonsSection 1 General StipulationsSection 2 Enterprise as Legal PersonSection 3 Official Organ, Institution and SocialOrganization as Legal PersonsSection 4 Economic AssociationChapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and AgencySection 1 Civil Juristic ActsSection 2 AgencyChapter V Civil RightsSection 1 Property Ownership and Related Property RightsSection 2 Creditors RightsSection 3 Intellectual Property RightsSection 4 Personal RightsChapter VI Civil LiabilitySection 1 General StipulationsSection 2 Civil Liability for Breach of ContractSection 3 Civil Liability for Infringement of RightsSection 4 Methods of Bearing Civil LiabilityChapter VII Limitation of ActionChapter VIII Application of Law in Civil Relations with ForeignersChapter IX Supplementary ProvisionsChapter I Basic PrinciplesArticle 1This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the actualsituation in our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civilactivities, for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights andinterests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civilrelations, so as to meet the needs of the developing socialistmodernization.Article 2The Civil Law of the Peoples Republic of China shall adjust propertyrelationships and personal relationships between civil subjects with equalstatus, that is, between citizens, between legal persons and betweencitizens and legal persons.Article 3Parties to a civil activity shall have equal status.Article 4In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, makingcompensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed.Article 5The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shallbe protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them.Article 6Civil activities must be in compliance with the law; where there are norelevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with statepolicies.Article 7Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall not harmthe public interest, undermine state economic plans or disrupt socialeconomic order.Article 8The law of the Peoples Republic of China shall apply to civil activitieswithin the Peoples Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated bylaw.The stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to foreignersand stateless persons within the Peoples Republic of China, except asotherwise stipulated by law.Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person)Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct.Article 9A citizen shall have the capacity for civil rights from birth to death andshall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations in accordance withthe law.Article 10All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights.Article 11A citizen aged 18 or over shall be an adult. He shall have full capacityfor civil conduct, may independently engage in civil activities and shallbe called a person with full capacity for civil conduct.A citizen who has reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18 and whosemain source of income is his own labour shall be regarded as a person withfull capacity for civil conduct.Article 12A minor aged 10 or over shall be a person with limited capacity for civilconduct and may engage in civil activities appropriate to his age andintellect; in other civil activities, he shall be represented by his agentad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem.A minor under the age of 10 shall be a person having no capacity for civilconduct and shall be represented in civil activities by his agent adlitem.Article 13A mentally ill person who is unable to account for his own conduct shallbe a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be representedin civil activities by his agent ad litem.A mentally ill person who is unable to fully account for his own conductshall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engagein civil activities appropriate to his mental health; in other civilactivities, he shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participatewith the consent of his agent ad litem.Article 14The guardian of a person without or with limited capacity for civilconduct shall be his agent ad litem.Article 15The domicile of a citizen shall be the place where his residence isregistered; if his habitual residence is not the same as his domicile, hishabitual residence shall be regarded as his domicile.Section 2 GuardianshipArticle 16The parents of a minor shall be his guardians.If the parents of a minor are dead or lack the competence to be hisguardian, a person from the following categories who has the competence tobe a guardian shall act as his guardian:(1) paternal or maternal grandparent;(2) elder brother or sister; or(3) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear theresponsibility of guardianship and having approval from the units of theminors parents or from the neighbourhood or village committee in theplace of the minors residence. In case of a dispute over guardianship,the units of the minors parents or the neighbourhood or village committeein the place of his residence shall appoint a guardian from among theminors near relatives. If disagreement over the appointment leads to alawsuit, the peoples court shall make a ruling.If none of the persons listed in the first two paragraphs of this articleis available to be the guardian, the units of the minors parents, theneighbourhood or village committee in the place of the minors residenceor the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.Article 17A person from the following categories shall act as guardian for amentally ill person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct:(1) spouse;(2) parent;(3) adult child;(4) any other near relative;(5) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear theresponsibility of guardianship and having approval from the unit to whichthe mentally ill person belongs or from the neighbourhood or villagecommittee in the place of his residence. In case of a dispute overguardianship, the unit to which the mentally ill person belongs or theneighbourhood or village committee in the place of his residence shallappoint a guardian from among his near relatives. If disagreement over theappointment leads to a lawsuit, the peoples court shall make a ruling.If none of the persons listed in the first paragraph of this article isavailable to be the guardian, the unit to which the mentally ill personbelongs, the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of hisresidence or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.Article 18A guardian shall fulfil his duty of guardianship and protect the person,property and other lawful rights and interests of his ward. A guardianshall not handle the property of his ward unless it is in the wardsinterests.A guardians rights to fulfil his guardianship in accordance with the lawshall be protected by law.If a guardian does not fulfil his duties as guardian or infringes upon thelawful rights and interests of his ward, he shall be held responsible; ifa guardian causes any property loss for his ward, he shall compensate forsuch loss. The peoples court may disqualify a guardian based on theapplication of a concerned party or unit.Article 19A person who shares interests with a mental patient may apply to apeoples court for a declaration that the mental patient is a personwithout or with limited capacity for civil conduct.With the recovery of the health of a person who has been declared by apeoples court to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct,and upon his own application or that of an interested person, the peoplescourt may decl