本科毕业论文-浅析华为手机目标市场营销战略.doc

山西大学商务学院管理学院本 科 学 年 论 文论文题目 浅析华为手机目标市场营销战略 专业班级 作者姓名 学 号 指导教师 日 期 目 录引言2一 市场细分的标准2（一）消费者市场细分的标准2（二）华为手机市场细分的依据3二 华为手机的目标市场选择4（一）评价细分市场4（二）选择目标市场4（三）目标市场战略4三 华为手机的市场定位策略5（一）产品差别化策略5（二）服务差别化策略5（三）人员差别化策略5（四）形象差别化策略5结论5参考文献5浅析华为手机目标市场营销战略【内容摘要】随着计算机技术、信息技术的高速发展，全世界电信业也正在高速发展中，运营商方面，我国电信业在移动、联通、电信三巨头的带领下也正在走向成熟和完备，而设备商方面华为、中兴等诸多企业也在逐步走向世界。华为在近几年的发展中，已经有了一定品牌基础，所以本文以华为公司的目标市场营销战略为例来进行分析。本文结合华为手机的现状，明确了华为在国内市场上的的优势、劣势、机遇，进一步确定最有优势的目标市场并进行市场定位研究。【关键词】 目标市场 市场营销 消费群体 市场细分 引言 中国手机市场经历了摩托罗拉一枝独秀，诺基亚、摩托罗拉、爱立信三足鼎立和目前的群雄并起三个阶段。国产品牌厂商通过引进技术、合作开发等方式取得了很大的成绩，从1999年不足市场的3%逐渐发展到 2004年的55%左右的市场份额。但是，成绩的背后隐藏了诸多问题，致使2010年国产品牌手机市场占有率又急速滑落到40%左右。 华为于2005年3月成为手机牌照改为核准制之后首批获准进入中国手机市场的厂商之一。华为手机已经进入国内市场并已展开竞争。此前数天，华为终端与中国电信联合宣布，天翼3G智能手机华为C8500销量于今年2月底破百万，这对于华为终端具有标杆意义，因为这还是第一款破百万的国内Android智能手机，第一款六个月时间内破百万的国内智能3G手机。对此，华为终端CEO万飚还介绍了其它方面的情况。在国内市场，华为入门级EV-DO手机C5700发货量也突破了100万，并获得同类市场超过30%的份额。另外，根据第三方报告的数据，截止至2010年年底，华为终端CDMA终端产品发货超过2000万，持续维持第一的市场份额。一 市场细分的标准 （一）消费者市场细分的标准1地理因素。以地理环境为标准细分市场就是按消费者所在的不同地理位置将市场加以划分，是大多数企业采取的主要标准之一，这是因为这一因素相对其他因素表现得较为稳定，也较容易分析。地理环境主要包括区域、地形、气候、城镇大小、交通条件等。由于不同地理环境、气候条件、社会风俗等因素影响，同一地区内的消费者需求具有一定的相似性，不同地区的消费需求则具有明显的差异。按照国家、地区、南方北方、城市农村、沿海内地、热带寒带等标准来细分市场是必需的，但是，地理环境是一种静态因素，处在同一地理位置的消费者仍然会存在很大的差异。因此，企业还必须采取其他因素进一步细分市场。2人口因素。这是市场细分惯用的和最主要的标准，它与消费需求以及许多产品的销售有着密切联系，而且这些因素又往往容易被辨认和衡量。人口状态包括的内容见表：表：按人口状态标准细分市场主要变量营销要点性别男女构成了解男女构成及消费需求特点年龄婴儿、儿童、少年、青年、成年、老年掌握年龄结构、比重及各档次年龄的消费特征收入白领和蓝领；高收入、中高收入和低收入者掌握不同收入层次的消费特征和购买行为家庭生命周期单身阶段、备婚阶段、新婚阶段、育儿阶段、空巢阶段、寡鳏阶段研究各家庭处在哪一阶段、不同阶段消费需求的数量和结构职业工人、农民、军人、学生、干部、教育工作者、文艺工作者了解不同职业的消费差异文化程度文盲、小学、中学、大学等了解不同文化层次人群购买种类、行为、习惯及结构民族汉族、满族、回族、蒙古族等了解不同民族的文化、宗教、风俗及不同的消费习惯3消费者心理因素。在地理环境和人口状态相同的条件下，消费者之间存在着截然不同的消费习惯和特点，这往往是消费者的不同消费心理的差异所导致的。尤其是在比较富裕的社会中，顾客购物已不限于满足基本生活需要，因而消费心理对市场需求的影响更大。所以，消费心理也就成为市场细分的又一重要标准。4消费行为因素。行为因素是细分市场的重要标准，特别是在商品经济发达阶段和广大消费者的收人水平提高的条件下，这一细分标准越来越显示其重要地位。不过，这一标准比其他标准要复杂得多，而且也难掌握。 由于购买习惯不同，仍可以细分出不同的消费群体。如购买时间习惯标准，就是根据消费者产生需要购买或使用产品的时间来细分市场的。消费者购买商品所要寻找的利益往往是各有侧重的，据此可以对同一市场进行细分。一般地说，运用利益细分法，首先必须了解消费者购买某种产品所寻找的主要利益是什么；其次要了解寻求某种利益的消费者是哪些人；再者要调查市场上的竞争晶牌各适合哪些利益，以及哪些利益还没有得到满足。通过上述分析，企业能更明确市场竞争格局，挖掘新的市场机会（二）华为手机市场细分的依据1智能手机本身要细分市场，高端市场已被台美韩厂商控制，华为希望占据智能手机这一金字塔的中部，华为在很久以前就引入了德国FHG产品质量管理体系，使得华为的通信系统经受住了来自欧美一些国家的移动运营商十分苛刻的检验，这将为华为手机优良的产品性能提供有力的保障。近日，华为终端CMO徐昕泉透露了华为发展智能手机的策略，“我们的战略就是要为用户提供价廉物美的手机，因为未来会有50亿移动互联网用户，智能手机增长的潜力极其巨大。我们预测5年内，全球移动宽带用户会从3亿增长到30亿以上。这种增长需要靠价廉物美的智能手机来实现。2 在地理因素上东部大中城市工商业发达，根据e龙公司公布的2004年中国热点商务城市的调查报告显示，居前十名中就有广州、杭州、天津、青岛、北京、上海、深圳、南京八座城市，处于后几十位的几乎也被东部城市占据，这些城市对外交流频繁，有很多从事商务或本身的工作具有类似商务工作特点的消费者，从规模上和获利性上来看，商务消费者细分市场都有较大的吸引力。3从人口因素看来除了商务型消费者市场，值得华为关注的就是大学生消费者市场。东部区域高等教育水平较高，在校大学生人数众多，而且相对集中于各个省会等大中城市。一般来说，受教育的程度高，收入水平也就相对偏高，那么现在在校的大学生一旦走上社会参加工作，他们将是社会中高收入阶层的大多数。所以，现在关注他们，实际上在很大程度上关注了未来。而且，华为在中国大学生中已经有了一定的知名度，这就为华为手机打开大学生市场奠定了良好得基础。年龄和生命阶段：不同阶段的人群购买的物品会不同，年轻人喜欢产品新颖、俏皮，中老年人偏向于沉着稳重型，针对不同的消费群体提供不同的产品。尤以手机为例，手机功能齐全、色彩鲜艳是年轻人的喜好品，而成年人更注重于实用，屏幕宽大，颜色单一些。二 华为手机的目标市场选择 （一）评价细分市场根据上述市场细分的标准，华为手机可以有多种市场的选择。中国的手机市场，随着新企业的不断加入，竞争变得更加激烈，同时消费者需求的多样化和个性化，使得任何一个新进入该行业的企业所面临的市场广阔而又复杂。华为手机虽然上市不久，但是凭借着自己的特点和优势已经有了一定的知名度。市场维系着企业的生存和发展，但任何一个企业都不可能绝对有效地服务于整个市场，而只能从自身实力和市场地位出发，相对有效地服务于这个大市场的某个部分，在部分市场取得相对竞争优势。中东部地区比较发达，人们观念比较先进。而西北部就相对落后。高端市场已被台美韩厂商控制，华为想要打开这个市场就相对有难度，而中端市场没有明显的特点，虽然品牌较多，但是没有较突出的优势。至于消费群体来说，人们的理念越来越先进，个性也越来越鲜明。现在的大学生即将成为将来社会的主导力量。是消费群体中不可忽视的主导者。 （二）选择目标市场就本身而言华为具有较强的技术研发能力，并有一支销售能力很强的销售队伍，但是手机毕竟不是和通信系统那样只要技术含量高、运行稳定性好就可以满足顾客的需求，另外，通讯系统、增值服务的推广和销售面对的大多是重点大客户，而手机的销售却要面对为数众多、千差万别的消费者。进入手机领域并不久的华为，如果试图进入所有可能进入的消费者市场，直面来自全方位的竞争，必然要承担较大的风险。所以我认为华为面临目前的中国手机市场，较适宜采取重点以培育华为手机中端品牌形象为根本，着眼于未来3G发展机遇，采取集中化策略，服务于较为狭窄的细分市场。就消费群而言，东部区域高等教育水平较高，在校大学生人数众多，而且相对集中于各个省会等大中城市。一般来说，受教育的程度高，收入水平也就相对偏高，那么现在在校的大学生一旦走上社会参加工作，他们将是社会中高收入阶层的大多数。所以，现在关注他们，实际上在很大程度上关注了未来。而且，华为在中国大学生中已经有了一定的知名度，这就为华为手机打开大学生市场奠定了良好得基础。 （三）目标市场战略针对于华为现在的状况，应该采用无差异营销战略，集中研发中端产品。为此华为公司将“普及型”智能手机作为其移动互联网的重要切入点，与产业链各界的发展思路相契合。今年年初中国电信宣布将采购500万部中档价位3G手机，并表示2010年的重点是“发展千元3G智能手机”；中国联通副总裁李刚也表示，中国联通将从6月中下旬力推1000-1500元左右的3G智能手机；而中国移动董事长王建宙也认为，中国移动推广1000元甚至1000元以内的3G手机将是大势所趋。在此背景下，终端厂商和芯片厂商力推“普及型”智能手机也就顺理成章。华为推出的中端商务手机在质量上和功能上不落后于同类国外一流品牌企业的产品，而采取满意定价时，这势必将对一些中端商务手机消费者会产生较大的吸引力。三 华为手机的市场定位策略 （一）产品差别化策略产品差别化战略是从产品质量，产品款式等方面实现差别的。寻求产品特征是产品差异化战略经常使用的手段。在产品质量方面，华为以“做一个世界级的、领先的电信设备提供商”为发展目标，特别强调科研投入。使得华为的通信系统经受住了来自欧美一些国家的移动运营商十分苛刻的检验，这将为华为手机优良的产品性能提供有力的保障。在产品款式上，华为手机注重以流线型的设计为主，辅以超大的显示屏是消费者喜爱的主要原因。（二）服务差别化策略服务差别化战略是向目标市场提供与竞争者不同的优质服务。企业的竞争力越能体现在顾客服务水平上，市场的差别化就越容易实现。在市场营销和客户服务方面。华为力争离客户近一点，服务更细一点。华为公司反复强调，企业要活下去，永远只有一条途径，那就是“关注客户需求”。华为还不断推出包括白金服务、金牌、银牌服务在内的一系列服务，供用户选择，同时根据用户的需要进行服务包定制，为客户提供个性化的服务解决方案。因此，华为的业务发展获得了中国电信、中国移动和联通、网通、铁通等电信运营商的长期支持。（三）人员差别化策略人员差异化战略是通过聘用和培训比竞争者更为优秀的人员以获得差别优势。市场的竞争归根到底是人才的竞争。在华为的员工队伍中，技术研究及开发人员占46%，市场营销和服务人员占33%，管理及其它人员占9%，生产人员占12%。这说明研发和市场营销在华为的发展中占据着极为重要的地位。 （四）形象差别化策略形象差异化战略是在产品的核心部分与竞争者类同的情况下塑造不同的产品形象以获取差别优势。经过多年的和移动运营商在通信系统领域内的合作，华为已经和联通华盛运营商建立了良好的合作关系，由联通华盛运营商进行手机定制，分集采和非集采，这使得华为手机将能够较顺利的进入移动运营商手机订制的范围，从而可以通过运营商的网络将产品推向消费者。运营商的良好的信誉和形象，将有力的提升华为手机品牌的形象。结论华为进入中国手机市场并不久，但要在激烈的竞争中生存下来，并能不断地发展壮大，这就要求华为要从长远出发，立足于自己的产品技术优势，通过拓展有利于自己的市场，制定适合于自身发展的目标战略和营销策略。这是华为品牌化的必经之路，也是华为成功路上不可或缺的动力和阶梯。参考文献1 市场营销学 吴键安 高等教育出版社 2009年7月2 走出华为 汤圣平 中国社会科学出版社 2008年6月3 战略管理 胡大力 陈明 上海财经大学出版社 2011年5月 请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after