英语语言学考试十套题.doc

英语语言学试题（1）11、Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users k of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b . 13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to somethings being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c . 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishes), Black English can d the form of be. 19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner. I()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European. ()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. 二11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command.12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_.13.Utterance is based on _ _ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak several languages fluently.15.Consonant sounds can be either v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_.16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。( )23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( )24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )30.naming theory and conceptualist view31.maxims of quality and manner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech35.contrastive analysis英语语言学试题（3）11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_ study of language.12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any _o_ when a sound is produced.13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b_ morphemes.14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP the boy who likes his puppy consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s_,N the head and S the complement.15.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts,to suggest that someone should see the doctor should fall into the category of _d_.16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s_.17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a_ rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s_ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h_, one on the right and one on the left.20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t_ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.22.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, female occurs only in nouns such as mother, woman girl tigress and so on but not in other parts of speech.26.( )According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus peddle was derived from peddler on the mistaken assumption that the -er was the agentive suffix.28.( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables.29.( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.30.( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.英语语言学试题（5）11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s_ study.12. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_.13. According to its position in the new word, a_ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.14. P_ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s_ restrictions.16. The u_ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p_, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.18. R_ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.19. Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language t_.20. A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learners differ in the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community. This adaptation process is called a _.21. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. ( )22. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. ( )23. Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic, always being the sum total of the meanings of its components. ( )24. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called transformational rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. ( )25. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning. ( )26. Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if the context of language use was left unconsidered. ( )27. It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modern English. ( )28. When people of a community speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge. ( )29. Linguistic lateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for language is found to exist in an overwhelming majority of human beings. ( )30. In order to identify the areas of learning difficulty, an interlingual contrastive procedure Contrastive Analysis was developed. ( )英语语言学试题（6）11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d _.12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o _ and are therefore consonants.13. M _ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.14. A _is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”, “have”, “do” etc.15. R _ is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between form and the reality.16. In Austins early speech act theory, c _ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a_ the grammatical rules of the adult language.18. A s _ community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or at least a single language variety.19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n_ signals such as facial expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the natural acquisition of l _ as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken, but not written.22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms of the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) Searles classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal borrowingthat is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rule generally.28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. The differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in nature.29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the left hemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.英语语言学试题（7）1. D_ is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space. 2. S_ study of language describes language at some point in time; d_ study describes language as it changes through time. 3. N_ transcription transcribes sounds with diacritics, while b_ transcription does not. 4. A sentence has a hierarchical structure and l_ structure as well. 5. Unlike a sentence, the meaning of an u_ is concrete and context-dependent. 6. Chinese belongs to S_ language family, while English belongs to I _ language family. 7. R_ are situational dialects appropriate for use in particular situations; i_ is a personal dialect. 8. When a p_ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and children learn it as their first language, it becomes c_. 9. I_ is the approximate linguistic system that a second language learner constructs, which represents the learners transitional competence in the target language. 10. A_ is the learners process of adapting to the culture and value system of the target language community. 11. Words that have descended from a common source are c_. 1. “ Beat” and “bit” are not a minimal pair. ( )2. Compounds are words created by combining two or more than two words. ( )3. Linguistic change occurs only in sound and lexical system, but not in syntax. ( )4. In a predication, the argument is said to govern the predicate. ( )5. Modern English began with the Norman Conquest. ( )6. Bilingualism is a situation in which two different varieties of a language co-exist in a speech community. ( )7. The case of Genie suggests that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period. ( )8. Interference is the only source of errors in the second language acquisition. ( )9. When a plural form -s is added to a noun that ends with a vowel, it is pronounced as z, due to assimilation. ( )10. In the sentence “The father beat the child”, “the child” is both a structural and logical object. ( )英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题11.In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s_ studies, such as sociology and psychology.12.Clear 1 and dark are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_ distribution.13.A r_ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.14.A c_ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other.15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c_ antonyms.16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u_ is concrete and context-dependent.17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian, with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m_.18.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b_ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.19.The brains neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I _, which is specific to human beings.20.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t_.( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.( )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words.( )24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The linguistic lecture” in the