仁爱九上Unit1语法复习.ppt

Review Unit 1 Grammar,现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,一)构成:,have/has+动词过去分词,二) 含义:,(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.,1.already在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?,注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.,2. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑问句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3. ever在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将never变成ever; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,4. never在现在完成时中的用法,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.,5. just在现在完成时中的用法,用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),单词,词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,have/has gone to: 表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来, 可能现在正在某地或者正在去那里或回来的路上. have/has been to: 表示某人曾经去过某地, 但现在己经不在某地.,三)have/has gone to和have/has been to的区别,四)It is +一段时间+ since + 句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）,1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,havent seen,joined,has been,4.My father_(give) up _(smoke). He doesnt _(smoke) now. 5.The Green family_(not come) back yet from the cinema. They_(go) to see a film one hour ago. 6.You_(not visit) your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,havent come,went,havent visited,6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_. (alrea