[法学]惩罚性损害赔偿论文：惩罚性损害赔偿侵权行为民事责任.doc

惩罚性损害赔偿论文：惩罚性损害赔偿 侵权行为 民事责任【中文摘要】惩罚性损害赔偿,是指法院判决加害人支付给受害人的超过补偿性损害赔偿金之外的赔偿。其主要是为了惩罚和威慑加害人的不法行为。惩罚性损害赔偿制度自从在英美法系产生以来,争议声不绝于耳,但该制度不断发展并产生了深远的意义。大陆法系国家对该制度总体上持否定的态度。我国在立法上对惩罚性赔偿制度作出了相关的规定,但对该制度的规定并不完善,对该制度进行深入的研究是很有必要的。第一部分是对惩罚性赔偿制度的法律界定。该部分首先探讨了惩罚性赔偿制度的概念及历史渊源。接着对该制度的功能予以分析,认为惩罚性赔偿制度有惩罚、预防及补偿的功能。最后将其与补偿性损害赔偿、精神损害赔偿、罚金、罚款等进行比较,以更好对该制度进行界定。第二部分为惩罚性损害赔偿制度在侵权法中适用的合理性。该部分首先论证了该制度存在的合理性。其次通过对公私二元划分障碍、不当得利障碍的突破,得出了该制度为民事性质,被侵权人所获得的赔偿金也不是不当得利,是有合法依据的结论。第三部分为侵权法中惩罚性损害赔偿制度的比较研究。该部分通过对英国、美国、德国、日本、中国台湾等国家及地区的相关制度及司法实践进行比较研究,阐明了惩罚性赔偿制度的构成要件、适用范围、赔偿金额的确定及合理限制。无论是在英美法系国家还是在台湾地区,惩罚性赔偿具有苛刻的适用条件,同时还限定赔偿金额。第四部分乃是我国侵权法体系中惩罚性赔偿制度的立法现状及建议。该部分第一节分别对我国现行法律条文中有关惩罚性赔偿制度的规定进行了分析,并指出目前规定中存在的不足。第二节阐述了在我国构建惩罚性赔偿体系的障碍,并在惩罚性赔偿的构成要件、适用范围以及赔偿金的计算等方面对构建我国的惩罚性赔偿制度提出了建议。【英文摘要】Punitive damages is the additional compensation more than the compensatory damages which is paid by the infringers to the victims by the judgement.Its main purpose is to punish and deter the tort-feastor.Though there is a great controversy about punitive damages since it is produced in the common law,the punitive damages grows continuously and has deeply meaning.The civil law countries overall negative the punitive damages.The legislation of our country regulates the institution of punitive damages,but it is not perfect.It is necessory for us to research the punitive damages deeply.In the first part,I define the punitive damages.At first we discuss the concept and historical origins of punitive damages.Then we analyze the function of the punitive damages, which includs the punishment function, prevention function and compensation function, and finally we compare it with the compensatory damages, mental damages, fines, penalties in order to better defining the punitive damages.In the second part,we discuss the rationality of the punitive damages.First we demonstrate the rationality of the punitive damages,then we proof the punitive damages has the nature of civil law through breaking the barriers of the binary division of public and private and the unjustified enrichment.The compensation obtained by the infringer is not unjustified enrichment but has a legal basis.In the third part,we comparative study the punitive damages in tort law.We comparative study the judicial practice of the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Japan, China Taiwan and other countries and regions.From the comparative study,we illustrate the element and scope and compensation of the punitive damages, and the reasonable limits of the punitive damages.Both in common law countries and in Taiwan, punitive damages has strict applicable conditions, and there are some limitations about the amount of compensation.The fourth part is the legislative status and legislative proposals about the punitive damages in tort law system.In section I,we analysis the provisions of the punitive damages in our existing legal and point out the shortcomings of the current provisions.In sectionwe describe the barriers of building the system of punitive damages in our country,and we give advice and make suggestions in elements of punitive damages, the scope of punitive damages, and the calculation of compensation to building the system of punitive damages.【关键词】惩罚性损害赔偿 侵权行为 民事责任【英文关键词】Punitive damages Tort Civil liability【目录】论惩罚性损害赔偿制度在侵权法中的适用摘要4-5Abstract5-61 引言10-121.1 选题背景及意义101.2 国内外文献综述10-111.3 主要研究方法11-121.3.1 历史研究方法111.3.2 比较研究方法11-122 惩罚性损害赔偿制度的法律界定12-212.1 惩罚性损害赔偿制度的概念及历史渊源12-152.1.1 惩罚性损害赔偿制度的概念12-132.1.2 惩罚性损害赔偿制度的历史渊源13-152.2 惩罚性损害赔偿制度的功能15-182.2.1 惩罚功能16-172.2.2 预防功能17-182.2.3 补偿功能182.3 惩罚性损害赔偿制度与相关制度的联系与区别18-212.3.1 惩罚性损害赔偿与补偿性损害赔偿的关系192.3.2 惩罚性损害赔偿与精神损害赔偿的关系19-202.3.3 惩罚性损害赔偿与罚款、罚金的关系20-213 惩罚性损害赔偿制度在侵权法中适用的合理性21-303.1 惩罚性损害赔偿制度与侵权法的惩罚功能相契合21-233.2 惩罚性损害赔偿制度存在的法理价值23-253.2.1 正义23-243.2.2 秩序24-253.3 经济学视角下的惩罚性损害赔偿制度25-273.4 惩罚性损害赔偿制度适用的理论障碍及突破27-303.4.1 公私二元划分障碍及突破27-293.4.2 不当得利障碍及突破29-304 侵权法中惩罚性损害赔偿制度的比较研究30-434.1 惩罚性损害赔偿制度的构成要件30-354.1.1 英国法中惩罚性赔偿制度的构成要件30-314.1.2 美国法中惩罚性赔偿制度的构成要件31-334.1.3 大陆法系中的相关规定33-344.1.4 比较分析结论34-354.2 惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围35-384.2.1 英国法中惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围35-364.2.2 美国法中惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围364.2.3 大陆法系各立法例惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围36-374.2.4 比较分析结论37-384.3 惩罚性损害赔偿金额的计算及合理限制38-434.3.1 英国法与美国法中惩罚性赔偿金额的计算38-404.3.2 计算的基础乘数理论40-414.3.3 惩罚性赔偿金额的合理限制41-435 我国惩罚性损害赔偿制度的立法现状和立法建议43-545.1 立法现状43-505.1.1 消费者权益保护法第49条的规定43-445.1.2 关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释第8条、第9条及第14条的规定445.1.3 食品安全法第96条的规定44-455.1.4 侵权责任法第47条的规定455.1.5 惩罚性损害赔偿法条竞合之适用问题研究45-485.1.6 惩罚性损害赔偿在我国合同法领域适用的思考48-505.2 侵权法