变形监测技术毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献.doc

中英文资料外文翻译 变形监测技术毕业论文 中英文资料外文翻译文献附录：Distortion monitor research present situation summary Abstract this article on from distortion monitor technology, monitor data thick difference recognition, displacement analysis and distortion forecast and so on several aspects, summary distortion jail Measured the research the present situation, carries on the thorough analysis to the existing distortion monitor theory and the technical method serviceability and its the existence question, and discusses its development tendency. Key word distorts the monitor； The displacement analyzes； Distortion forecast； Research present situation 1 introduction The distortion (Deformation) is refers to the deformable body in under each kind of influence factor function, its shape, size and position in time air zone change. The nature has each kind of form the distortion, like the earths crust deformation, the landslide, mining cave in, the high-rise construction swings as well as the dam distortion and so on. Studies and in the project domain distortion said, when the distortion quantity does not surpass the certain scope, cannot cause the harm, but when the distortion quantity surpasses the permission scope which the deformable body can withstand, then often can bring the serious disaster. The earthquake, the volcanicer uption, the crag collapse, the landslide, the dam and the bridge breaks down collapses and so on, all is the typical distortion destruction phenomenon. These disasters occurrences, seriously harm humanitys life and property security, the various countries every year therefore suffers massive loss. Because many disaster soccur rences and the distortion have the extremely close relation, thus, the distortion monitor research in domestic and foreign has received the widespread value. 2 distortions monitors technology Along with the science and technology progress and to the distortion monitor request unceasing enhancement, the distortion monitor technology also in unceasingly develops. Before 1980s, the distortion monitor mainly is uses the convention ground survey technology and certain special survey methods. The convention ground survey, is uses routine measurement instrument station the and so on the altazimuth, level, distance gauge, entire station meter distortion value. Its merit： (1) Can provide the deformable body whole the strained condition； (2) Is suitable to the different monitor precision request, the different form deformable body and the different monitor renvironment； (3) May provide the absolute deformation information. But field operation work load big, the stationing the topographical condition influence, is not been easy to realize the automate dmonitor. The special survey method including the strain-gauging, surveys and inclines the survey, it has the survey process simply, may monitor the deformable body interior the distortion, is easy to realize merit and so on automated monitor, but usually only provides partial and the relative distortion information. In the recent 10 years, the short distance photo grammetry in the tunnel, the bridge, the dam, the landslide and aspect and so on high-rise construction distortion monitor obtained the wide spread application, its monitor precision may achieve the mm level. Short distance photo grammetry merit： (1) May absorb under the instantaneous precise recording the object the information and the position relations； (2) May use in the rule, is irregular or can contact the object the distortion monitor； (3) In the picture information rich, is objective and also may the long-term preservation, is advantageous tocarries on the distortion the contrast analysis； (4) The monitor work simple, fast, is safe. In recent years develops numeral photo graphic survey technology, also in distortion monitor and so on the building and landslide obtained the successful application, and demonstrates the good application prospect. At present distorts the monitor newest technology is the distortion monitors the robot the application.The GPS global positioning system application has brought a profound revolution for the survey technology. According to the material in troduced that, overseas starts from the 1980s with GPS to carry on the distortion monitor. In recent years, our country in carried on the landslide using GPS to distort, the dam distorts, mining area aspect and so on ground settlement and earths crust deformation monitor, has done the massive research work. The GPS distortion monitor mainly has following merit： (1) The precision is higher, is bigger than 10km when the base length, its relative accuracy may achieve 10-610-7,obviously surpasses the tradition geodetic survey monitor technology；(2) The monitor the weather condition limit, may not carry on the all-weather monitor； (3) The monitor, the record, calculated entire automatically completes, has guaranteed monitor achievement objective and the reliability, simultaneously greatly reduced monitore dpersonnels labor intensity； (4) Between the test point does not need the inter visibility, the point sort not the topographical condition limit； (5) The test point three dimensional coordinates may also determine； (6) Its fishing net expense approximately for convention geodetic survey technology fishing net expense 1/61/3. Along with the computer technology, the wireless communication technology, the spatial technology and the geoscience rapid development, 3S (GPS,GIS, RS) the technology has developed from respective in dependence enters mutually integrates the fusion the stage. 3S the technical integration may for analyze and studies between each kind of information the reciprocity provide the technical strut, specially tense GIS (Temporal GIS, is called TGIS) the technical application, it may describe the four-dimensional space geological phenomenon, besides has general GIS the function, but also can record studies in the region each geological phenomenon as necessary between deductive process, this to geological disaster the and so on the landslide monitor forecast has the count for much function. Therefore, studies based on 3S the integrated distortion monitor system, is distorts a monitor technology important development tendency. Moreover, carries on the engineering structure using the survey robot the automated distortion monitor, generally may select two methods according to the actual situation： One kind is fix edentire automatically continues to monitor the way； One kind moves the periodic net observation way. In The engineering structure distortion automation monitor aspect, surveys the robot gradually to become the first choice the auto mated survey technical equipment. 3 displacements analysis method. After the distortion monitoring network two issues obtain the coordinates difference, possibly moves the quantity, also possibly is the observation error reflection (namely test point moves by no means). Therefore, must carry on the displacement analysis in the distortion monitor data processing. The existing distortion monitoring network displacement analysis method, may in duce into the simple point displacement analysis, the whole displacement analysis and the steady iteration power estimates 3 methods. The simple point displacement analysis has the comparison test and the t inspection method. Comparison test use simple, but quite rough, the t inspection method effect is better, at present applies widely. Pelzer proposed in 1971 at present widely uses whole displacement analysis average gap law. The steady iteration power estimated the law is first carries on bythe free freedom method to two issue of nets , obtains the coordinates two groups smallest two to ride the solution and the coordinates is bad. Then, through the simple point stability examination and the selection weight function, unceasingly changes in the reference datum datum power, the gradually ite rative computation, finally causes the displacement power is 1,live moving point displacement power takes according to its displacement quantity size is smaller than 1 positive number. Because steady iterates the power to estimate has the stronger localization model error the ability, uses in to move analyzes the effect well, especially when exists compares the imperial throne effect to be after a short while better. But the above each displacement analysis method has the following shortcoming： (1) Regarding the concrete deformation network, its displacement moves the situation differently, when the observation value pretreatment chooses the datum to be different, will draw the different conclusion to the displacement determination, sometimeseven will draw the wrong conclusion； (2) If two issue of monitor sprecisions are different, namely two issue of parent substances units power variance is inconsistent, then cannot apply； (3) When carries on the supposition examination, the remarkable level selection has enormously is subjective at will. Therefore, the displacementanalysis method still had further to study and the consum mation.4 distortions analyzes and forecasts the method As a result of the deformable body structure, the constituentarchery target physics mechanical properties, the exogenic process complexity and the determinism, does not establish the appropriate indeed qualitative model to be difficult, therefore, through promulgates the distortion monitor data sequence the structure and the rule, establishes the performance forecast model, reflected the distortion characteristic, the inference change tendency, becomes one effective method. In recent years, approached with the mathematical model, simulates and promulgates changes The physique distortion and the dynamic characteristic become the new research direction, comparison has the representative model is： Definite function model, regression analysis model, time series analysis model, gray system model, nerve network model, Mar tan oak husband model The definite function model main characteristic is： Using the deformable body mechanical properties and the physical parameter, establish between the load and the distortion the indeed qualitative functional relation, is one kind has first examines the nature forecast method. The modelling does not need the massive distortions monitor material, can carry on the distortion forecast in the distortion monitor initial period. When the complex deformable body distortion uses the determination the theory relations type to express with difficulty, uses the limited unit law computation, because the deformable body is impossible is the complete elastomer, can introduce the error as a result of the elastic supposition, therefore this method has not been able to promote the application. The regression analysis model is the basis measured data with the least squares method determination regression equation parameter, after the modelling belongs to the experience model or examines the model the category. This kind of model modelling process simple, the easy too perate, at present is widespread in the domestic and foreign applications. If uses expands, then the forecast precision can be higher. When but less or the deformable body has the distortion situation in the monitor data which formerly not experienced, the return model forecast deviation was bigger. This model divides into following several kinds： (1) The curve draws up Gathers, this law suits to each kind of smooth curve is approximate the description thing development the basic tendency. (2)Many Yuan linearity regression analysis, this method the distortion which observes through the analysis (effect quantity) and the external factor (reason) the between correlational dependence, establishes the mathematical model which between the load - distortion relates. Gradually the linear return model is the establishment the one by one admits the remarkable factor in the F examination foundation to enter the regression equation. This method applies to distortion observation data processing is one static data processing method, establishes the model is one kind of static model. The time series analysis model uses in to distort the analysis to have a better effect, and may carry onthe analysis to dynamic the distortion with the Fourier method oftransformation. But this law in aspect and so on model service ability and succession spacing waits for further studies. This method is the establishment in the output equal in value in principle equal in value system mathematical model. The gray system model, the partial systems known partial systems unknown system is called the gray system. The gray system theory is studies the solution gray system analysis, the modelling, the forecast, policy-making and the control theory. The gray system model merit is when the data sample less (above 4) may the modelling forecast that, can overcome the regression analysis method the insufficiency, when in the monitor data sequence contains has the definite exponential function rule, its forecast precision is high.But if the monitor data for does not wait for the time curve, must carry on the transformation.5 forecasts Along with the distortion analysis research comprehensive development, in particular the cybernetics, the information theory,the operations research, system dynamics, the fuzzy mathematics and the pessimistic theory constitution systems science system emerges as well as in the distortion analysis research area significant application, in the mapping, the authority surveys the scientist generally to feel, the distortion analysis already arrived has devoted to the distortion dynamic model research and the application. Then on-line arized theory rapid development, specially changes suddenly discusses, is divided the shape to discuss, the chaos kinetic theory as well as the nerve network theory appearance and the application, brings the new method for the nature complex phenomenon research. In natural disaster forecast fore cast research aspect, the people start using the mutation theory to carry on the landslide risk judgement and the forecast around, has the dimension change with the minute fundamental research earthquake and so on. Along with the modern science and technology development and the computer application technical level enhancement, each kind of theory and the method analyzed and distorts the forecast to provide the extensive research way for the distortion. 译文：变形监测研究现状综述【摘要】本文就从变形监测技术、监测数据粗差的识别、位移显著性分析和变形预报等几个方面,简述变形监测研究的现状,对现有变形监测理论和技术方法的适用性及其存在的问题进行深入分析,并探讨其发展趋势。【关键词】变形监测；位移分析；变形预报；研究现状1引言变形(Deformation)是指变形体在各种影响因素的作用下,其形状、大小及位置在时空域中的变化。自然界存在各种形式的变形,如地壳形变、滑坡、采矿塌陷、高层建筑的摆动以及大坝变形等。就地学和工程领域中的变形来说,当变形量不超过一定范围时,不会造成危害,而当变形量超过变形体所能承受的允许范围时,则往往会带来严重的灾难。地震、火山爆发、岩崩、滑坡、溃坝和桥梁的垮塌等等,都是典型的变形破坏现象。这些灾害的发生,严重地危害人类的生命财产的安全,世界各国每年都因此而遭受巨大的损失。由于许多灾害的发生与变形有着极为密切的联系,因而,变形监测研究在国内外受到了广泛的重视。2变形监测技术随着科学技术的进步和对变形监测的要求的不断提高,变形监测技术也在不断地发展。在20世纪80年代以前,变形监测主要是采用常规地面测量技术和某些特殊测量手段。常规地面测量,是采用经纬仪、水准仪、测距仪、全站仪等常规测量仪器测定点的变形值。其优点：能够提供变形体整体的变形状态；适用于不同的监测精度要求、不同形式的变形体和不同的监测环境；可以提供绝对变形信息。但外业工作量大,布点受地形条件影响,不易实现自动化监测。特殊测量手段包括应变测量、准直测量和倾斜测量,它具有测量过程简单、可监测变形体内部的变形、容易实现自动化监测等优点,但通常只提供局部的和相对的变形信息。近10年来,近景摄影测量在隧道、桥梁、大坝、滑坡及高层建筑变形监测等方面得到了广泛应用,其监测精度可达到mm级。近景摄影测量的优点：可在瞬间精确记录下被摄物体的信息及点位关系；可用于规则、不规则或不可接触物体的变形监测；像片上的信息丰富、客观而又可长期保存,有利于进行变形的对比分析；监测工作简便、快速、安全。近几年发展起来的数字摄影测量技术,也在建筑物及滑坡等变形监测中得到了成功的应用,并显示出良好的应用前景。目前变形监测的最新技术是变形监测机器人的应用。GPS全球定位系统的应用给测量技术带来了一场深刻的革命。据资料介绍,国外从20世纪80年代开始用GPS进行变形监测。近年来,我国在利用GPS进行滑坡变形、大坝变形、矿区地面沉陷和地壳形变监测等方面,做了大量的研究工作。GPS变形监测主要有如下优点：精度较高,在基线长度大于10km时,其相对精度可达到10-610-7,明显优于传统大地测量监测技术；监测不受天气条件限制,可以进行全天候监测；监测、记录、计算全自动完成,确保了监测成果的客观性及可靠性,同时大大减小了监测人员的劳动强度；监测点之间不需通视,选点不受地形条件限制；监测点的三维坐标可以同时测定；其建网费用约为常规大地测量技术建网费用的1/61/3。随着计算机技术、无线电通讯技术、空间技术及地球科学的迅速发展,“3S”(GPS、GIS、RS)技术已从各自独立发展进入相互集成融合的阶段。“3S”技术集成可为分析和研究各种灾变信息之间的相互关系提供技术支撑,特别是时态GIS(Temporal GIS,简称TGIS)技术的应用,它可以描述四维空间的地质现象,除具有一般GIS的功能外,还能够记载研究区域内各种地质现象随时间的演绎过程,这对滑坡等地质灾害的监测预报具有非常重要的作用。因此,研究基于“3S”集成的变形监测系统,是变形监测技术的一个重要发展趋势。另外,利用测量机器人进行工程建筑物的自动化变形监测,一般可根据实际情况采用两种方式：一种是固定全自动持续监测方式；一种是移动周期性网观测方式。在工程建筑物的变形自动化监测方面,测量机器人正渐渐成为首选的自动化测量技术设备。3位移显著性分析方法变形监测网两期平