基于模块化S7-200培训设备的PLC开放实验设计机械工程学院毕业设计外文翻译.doc

外文资料翻译外文原始文献附后学院（部）： 机械工程学院 专业班级： 机 设 07-12 学生姓名： 范 祥 雷 指导教师： 薛 祖 强 讲师 基于模块化 S7-200 培训设备的 PLC 开放实验设计PLC（可编程序控制器）是以微控制器为核心，把计算机技术、自动控制技术、通信网络技术融合在一起的一种先进的自动控制装置。目前 PLC 已成为现代工业自动化的三大支柱（PLC、机器人、CAD/CAM）之一，广泛应用于各个领域的自动化控制系统中，各类企业均需要一定数量的具有实践经验的此类人才。因此，PLC 应用技术已成为工业自动化技术人员和高等院校相关专业学生学习的重要课程。 西门子公司的 SIMATIC S7-200 系列属于小型 PLC，以其极高的性价比在国内市场占有很大的市场份额，同时因其具有灵活而强大的通讯功能以及其它一些特殊高级功能，正越来越广泛地应用于自动控制系统中1。目前西门子自动化与驱动集团正积极通过与高校的合作共建成立西门子小型自动化培训中心，青岛大学是其中之一。西门子公司为培训中心提供相关的 S7-200 培训设备及开发软件。教师充分利用此有利的实验条件，基于这些设备设计开发一些 PLC开放实验项目，让学有余力“吃不饱”的学生进一步加强 PLC应用技术的学习，了解并操作最先进的自动化设备，初步掌握工业自动化的先进控制技术和控制系统设计技术，提高学生的工程实践能力，实现培养应用型人才的目标，满足社会对此类技术人才的需求。 1 模块化 S7-200 培训设备PLC 原理及应用技术的学习和掌握需要软硬件实验平台做支持。在我校与西门子自动化与驱动集团联合成立的小型自动化培训中心中，配有 10套 S7-200 培训设备，示意图如右图（只画了部分扩展模块）所示。该设备采用模块化设计，主模块中除了性能优越、性价比较高的 CPU 224XP主机外，还附带了文本显示器 TD400C，带有专用 PT100 温度变送器、加热器、风扇等物理控制对象，可实现基本普及培训的大部分内容实验，多人可同时进行。针对西门子产品丰富的扩展功能模块，考虑成本等因素，配备了一定数量的功能模块，包括EM231 RTD测温模块、EM253 位控模块、EM241 Modem通讯模块、CP243-1 以太网通讯模块、EM277 Profibus-DP 模块、SP系列称重传感器及Siwarex MS称重模块等六种扩展功能模块，采用总线方式连接扩展单元，实现了免接线的功能切换，培训实验时可交叉使用。另外还配有 HMI（人机接口）设备P177B、 OP177B、 MP277等共 10 台触摸屏，既可挂在设备机架上，也可单独支撑操作。整套设备采用了标准的 S7-300 卡轨安装，使模块安装可靠稳定，同时当需要 S7-300 的模块配合实验时可以非常容易的加入 S7-300 的任何模块， 使 S7-200 和S7-300 拥有共同的安装平台。这些实验设备为实验教学、培训以及教师科研都提供了良好的硬件条件。2 PLC 开放实验设计 因每个学期开设 PLC 课程的班级很多，受实验设备、场地和课程学时的限制，一般在PLC 原理及应用课程中所配套开设的实验内容主要有基本指令练习、顺序控制、简单数字量控制系统设计，如跑马灯设计、运料小车自动往返运动控制、十字路口交通灯模型控制、三层电梯模型控制等，该部分实验内容是基础的、必修的。对于 S7-200 的特殊高级实用功能、丰富的扩展功能模块使用以及现场广泛应用的通讯功能的实现却很少涉及。考虑到学生的接受能力差异和实验条件限制，此部分实验内容最适宜于作开放性实验2，即教师提供相关的实验设备和资料，提出实验任务要求，由学生自主拟定实验方案，确定有效测定实验效果的方法， 使学生有较大的思维空间， 激发学生的学习热情和主动性， 对学生工程实践能力、创新能力、分析问题和解决问题能力的培养具有极其重要的意义3。因此，利用现有实验设备，并考虑到学生学习掌握的知识结构，设计开发了部分开放实验项目。2.1 基于主模块设计的开放实验 利用主模块，除了可完成一些 PLC基础编程实验外，还可以完成一些特殊功能4实验，同时也练习了 Micro/Win 编程环境集成的各种编程向导使用，主要有： （1）主模块中包括了 TD400C，它是一款性价比极高的 S7-200 PLC 专用的新一代文本显示器，是一种简易人机接口装置，无需 HMI专用组态软件，使用 Micro/WIN V4.0 SP4 以上版中文界面中的 TD向导即可组态5。在 TD400C 的组态开放实验中，通过配置显示用户菜单、报警菜单，与 S7-200 CPU进行交互，对 CPU存储区中的数据访问和编辑，可实现小型的具有人机交互功能的控制系统，如结合基础实验中运料小车自动往返控制程序，可实现通过控制面板来控制小车运动状态，并在到达两端限位位置时显示报警画面，同时在TD400C 上修改小车在两端停留的时间等，使实验效果更加丰富生动，也让学生了解掌握了生产现场采用的实际控制设备。 （2）高速计数、高速输出、内部外部中断等实用的特殊功能，可通过一个开放实验来学习和掌握，如首先利用高速输出功能得到 PTO（脉冲串）输出，然后实现由高速计数器HSC0 对 PTO的高速输出进行计数，通过 HSC0的中断功能进行反复计数，编程实现一个可调的 PWM（脉冲宽度调制）高速输出，由定时器中断实现一个秒计数器，并将当前计数值、PWM 输出的占空比等相关内容显示在 TD 400C上。（3） 主模块中带的 PT100 温度变送器将 0100 摄氏度转化成 010V作为模拟量输入接入 CPU，将加热器、风扇等物理控制对象连接在 CPU数字量输出上，可实现有关模拟量的数据变换、手动 PID 控制编程、利用向导完成 PID 组态、PID 参数自整定功能的实验，使学生深刻理解并掌握工业现场模拟量 PID控制的相关知识和实现方法。（4）将两台 S7-200 系列 PLC 通过 RS232 通讯电缆连接，即可组成一个使用 PPI 协议的单主站通信网络，可进行 PPI 点对点的通讯实验，实现两个 PLC 之间的数据交换，如将主站的 I0.0I0.7 的状态映射到从站的 Q0.0Q0.7，将从站的 I0.0I0.7 的状态映射到主站的Q0.0Q0.7，可让学生体会网络读写指令向导的简便使用，以及通过组成 PPI 网络扩展可实现更加复杂的控制功能。 （5）S7-200 CPU 的通信端口支持自由端口通信模式，可使用用户自定义的通信协议实现与计算机或其他具有串行通信接口的设备进行通信。在此，让学生利用简单易学的 Visual Basic（VB）语言编写上位机程序，实现 PC 与 S7-200 CPU之间的自由端口通信模式实验6，由 PLC 完成对现场开关量、模拟量的控制处理，上位计算机实现对过程参数的监控、分析、统计和修改等，给用户提供良好的界面便于监控。 2.2 基于 CP243-1 以太网模块设计的开放实验 工业以太网是西门子 SIMATIC NET开放通信系统的顶层，可以实现管理与控制网络的一体化，甚至可以集成到互联网，为远程控制和全球联网提供了条件。给 S7-200 PLC 配备以太网模块 CP243-1 或互联网模块 CP243-1 IT 即可将 S7-200 连接到以太网。在此，选择现有的 CP243-1 扩展模块进行实验，通过 Micro/WIN 中以太网向导的简单组态即可完成对模块的配置。通过安装以太网网卡的计算机和 Micro/WIN，可实现通过以太网对 S7-200 CPU的远程编程、组态和诊断。另外，两台均配备 CP243-1 模块的 S7-200 PLC，通过软件编程并下载配置程序后，通过网线连接即可实现两台 S7-200 PLC 基于以太网的数据交换。通过此实验可让学生对工业现场常用的 S7-200 之间的以太网通讯方式有清楚地了解。2.3 基于触摸屏设计的开放实验 TD400C 只能显示文本信息，而很多工业被控对象要求控制系统具有很强的人机界面功能，通过具有明确意义和提示信息的画面来实现操作人员与控制系统之间的对话和相互作用。触摸屏是人机界面的发展方向。利用现有的触摸屏设备设计开放实验，可让学生学习如何通过组态软件 WinCC Flexible 对触摸屏进行组态和传送程序7，以及 HMI 和 PLC 的数据交换方式和数据结构，如让学生在 HMI 上组态交通灯系统运行监控界面或电梯轿箱内的操作界面，再结合基础实验中编写的 S7-200 十字路口交通灯控制程序或三层电梯控制程序，即可检验程序是否正确执行，又可让学生操作先进的设备，并学会其组态方法。另外，让学生设计一些被控对象的运行效果界面，如运料小车的运动、机械手运动等，可以弥补实验室中实际被控对象不足的缺陷， 在此可大大发挥学生的创新能力， 完善并丰富控制系统的功能，激发了学生的学习热情和积极性。 以上给出了利用模块化 S7-200 培训设备设计的部分开放实验项目。随着学生专业课学习的不断深入，知识储备增加和时间充裕的情况下，也可在毕业设计课题中将多个模块结合起来实现一个相对复杂的系统，如将 S7-300 CPU接入系统中，实现与 S7-200 的 Profibus、MPI 通信，利用 EM253 位控模块进行运动控制、伺服电机和步进电机控制知识的深入理解和掌握等。3 结束语 充分利用实验室现有的模块化 S7-200 培训设备，研发大量的开放实验项目，丰富了实验内容，开阔了学生视野，让学生深刻感受到学 PLC 有趣，学 PLC 有用，同时又掌握了生产工业现场目前用的较多的西门子典型产品和最新技术的开发和应用，全面认识 PLC 控制技术、计算机工业组态监控、触摸屏控制、网络等技术在实际自动化控制系统中的互相渗透和补充，学生的工程实践能力、分析问题、解决问题的综合能力都得到极大提高，更有信心去面对激烈的就业竞争，因此受到学生的普遍欢迎。外文原始文献：S7-200basedmodulartrainingfacilitiesopen toexperimental designPLCPLC (programmable logic controller) is a micro-controller core, the computer technology, automatic control technology; communication networktogether network technology is an advanced automatic control device. The current PLC has become the three major branch of modern industrial automationColumn (PLC, robotics, CAD / CAM), widely used in various fields of automation and control systems, various types of enterprisesIndustry require a certain amount of practical experience with such talent.Thus, PLC application technology has become the industrial automation technologyrelevant professional technical personnel and university students to learn important lessons. Siemens SIMATIC S7-200 series are small PLC, its high price in the domestic marketlarge market share, because of its flexible and powerful communication features and other special advanced features are increasinglythe more widely used in automatic control systems 1.Siemens Automation and Drives Group is currently actively cooperate with colleges and universitiesSiemens to build the establishment of training center for small-scale automation, Qingdao University is one of them.Siemens to provide similar training centerS7-200 training-related equipment and software development. Teachers take advantage of this favorable experimental conditions, based on the design of these devices to open.Made a number of pilot projects PLC open, so that school has spare capacity, enough to further strengthen the PLC application technology student learning,Understand and operate the most advanced automation equipment, the initial grasp of advanced control technologies of industrial automation and control system design technology patients, improve their practical ability to achieve training objectives applicable talents to meet community needs for such technical personnelrequirements.1 Modular S7-200 training equipment Principle and Application of PLC technology to learn and master the necessary hardware and software test platform to support.Siemens automatic in my schoolGroup set up jointly with the driver of a small automated training centers, equipped with 10 sets of training equipment S7-200, diagram at right.Figure (painted on some of the expansion module) below.The device is modular in design, the main module in addition to superior performance, cost-effective.Higher CPU 224XP host, but also comes with text display TD400C, with special PT100 temperature transmitter,Heaters, fans, and other physical control object, basic literacy training to achieve most of experiments, people could be conducted.Siemens products for the rich function module, consider the cost and other factors, with a certain number of functional modules, includingEM231 RTD temperature measurement module, EM253 position control module, EM241 Modem communication module, CP243-1 Ethernet communication module, EM277 Prefabs-DP module, SP series weighingSiwarex MS weighing module sensors and extension of six modules, connected by bus expansion unit to achieve the function of switch-free wiring, training, experiments can be used interchangeably.Also comes with HMI (Human Machine Interface) devices TP177B, OP177B, MP277, etc. A total of 10 touch-screens, hanging in the equipment rack can also be supported by a separate operation.Using the standard package of equipment S7-300 rail card installed, so that reliable and stable module is installed, and when necessary S7-300 modules can be very easy to experiment with the addition of any module S7-300, the S7-200 and S7-300the installation of a common platform.This experimental equipment for teaching, training and scientific research has provided teachers, good hardware conditions.2 PLC open to experimental designPLC courses each semester due to class a lot, by the laboratory equipment, space and curriculum hours restrictions, generallyPrinciple and Application of PLC programs created in the experiment mainly supporting the basic instruction to practice, sequential control, a simple digitalVolume control system design, such as the marquee design, automatic round trip transportation movement control, intersection traffic lights model control,Three-tier model of control of the elevator, the part of the experiment content is based, compulsory.For the S7-200 special high-level utility functionEnergy-rich extension module and field communication function widely used implementation is rarely involved.Taking into account studentsAbility to accept differences and experimental conditions, this part of the experiment for the content best suited to open experiment 2, That is, relative to teachersLaboratory equipment and related information, made experimental mission requirements, prepared by the students to self test program to determine the effective efficiency measurement experimentIf the method of thinking so that students have more room to stimulate the students enthusiasm and initiative, ability of students to engineering practice,Ability to innovate, analyze and solve problems Ability of great importance 3.Therefore, the use of existing experimental designEquipment, and taking into account the students learn to master the knowledge structure, design and development of some pilot projects open.2.1 The main module design based on the opening experimentUse of the main module, in addition to the completion of some basic PLC programming experiment, we can also perform some special functions 4Experiment,Also practiced Micro / Win programming environment integrated with a variety of programming guide, are:(1) The main module includes TD400C, it is a highly cost-effective dedicated S7-200 PLCs new generation of textDisplay, is a simple man-machine interface device, no special configuration of HMI software, the use of Micro / WIN V4.0 SP4 toOn the version of Chinese language interface in the configuration wizard to TD 5.The configuration opening in TD400C experiments, show the user through the configurationMenu, the alarm menu, and interact with S7-200 CPU, CPU storage area for data access and editing, enabling smallType of human-computer interaction function with the control system, such as basic experiments with automatic round trip transportation control program can be realizedThrough the control panel to control the car motion state, and in position to reach both ends of the alarm screen limit, whileTD400C modify the car to stay at the ends of time, so that the experimental effect is more rich and vivid, but also to enable students to understand the masterProduction site using the actual control equipment.(2) High-speed counter, high-speed output, internal and external interrupts and other useful special features, through an open experimentLearn and master, such as the first high-speed output by PTO (pulse train) output, and achieve the high-speed counterHigh-speed output of the PTO HSC0 count, the interrupt function by repeated HSC0 count, a programmingAdjust the PWM (pulse width modulation) high-speed output, the timer interrupt to implement a second counter, and the current count value,PWM output duty cycle and other related content displayed on the TD 400C. (3) The main module with the PT100 temperature transmitter will be converted from 0 to 100 degrees C 0 10V analog input received asInto the CPU, the heater, fan and other physical control objects connected to the digital output on the CPU can be realized on analogData transformation, manual PID control programming, using the configuration wizard to complete the PID, PID parameter self-tuning function of the experiment, so thatStudents deeply understand and master the industrial field of analog PID control knowledge and implementation.(4)Two S7-200 series PLC via RS232 communication cable, you can use the PPI protocol to form aSingle master station communication network, can be PPI point to point communication experiment, to achieve data exchange between the two PLC, such as theI0.0 I0.7 master map to the slave state of the Q0.0 Q0.7, from the station I0.0 I0.7 of the state map to the main stationQ0.0 Q0.7, the network will allow students to experience the simple wizard to use reading and writing instruction, and extended through the formation of PPI networks can be implementedControl functions are more complex. (5) S7-200 CPUs communications port supports a free-port communication mode; you can use user-defined communication protocol implementationnow with the computer or other device with a serial communication interface for communication.Here, simple and easy for students to use VisualBasic (VB) language PC program to realize S7-200 CPU PC with the free port communication mode between the experimental 6,Completed by the PLC field switching, analog control of processing, the host computer realization of the process parameters of the monitoring, analysis,Statistics and revision, to provide a good interface for easy monitoring.2.2 CP243-1 Ethernet module based on the open design of experimentsSiemens SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet is an open communication system on top, can manage and control networkIntegration, and even can be integrated into the Internet, for remote control and provides the conditions for global networking.S7-200 PLC with aCP243-1 Ethernet module or Internet CP243-1 IT module S7-200 can be connected to the Ethernet.In this, select areCP243-1 expansion module some experiments, through the Micro / WIN configuration of the Ethernet Wizard to complete the simple modelBlock configuration.Computer by installing the Ethernet card and Micro / WIN, can be realized via Ethernet S7-200 CPURemote programming, configuration and diagnostics.In addition, the two are equipped with CP243-1 module S7-200 PLC, through the software programmingand download the configuration program, can be realized through the network cable to connect two S7-200 PLC Ethernet-based data exchange.ByThis experiment allows students to commonly used industrial site between the S7-200 Ethernet communications have a clear understanding.2.3 touch screen design based on the opening experimentTD400C can only display text information, and requirements of many industrial control systems controlled object has a strong human-machine interface functioncan, through the meaning and message with a clear picture to the operator and control systems to achieve dialogue and interaction betweenUses.Man-machine interface touch screen is the direction of development.Touch-screen devices using existing open experiment designed to allow students to learn asHe through the configuration software WinCC Flexible configuration of the touch screen and transfer procedures 7And the HMI and PLC dataExchange and data structures, such as students in the HMI configuration of traffic light system is running on a monitor screen or inside the elevator car operationFor interface, combined with the preparation of the experiment based on the S7-200 signal-controlled crossroads of three elevator control procedures or procedures,Testing procedures can be performed correctly, but also to enable students to operate advanced equipment, and learn its configuration methods.In addition, to learnStudents design a running effect of the controlled object interface, such as the movement of car transport materials, machiner