《高考英语考前辅导》PPT课件.ppt

2006年 高考英语考前辅导 三、突破写作误区， 巧做书面表达 一、活用基础知识， 巧做单项选择 二、掌握理解技巧， 巧做听力阅读 一 活用基础知识 巧做单项选择 （一）基础知识考查要点 1 名词：考查的重点是名词单复数，名 词辨义及名词搭配。如： He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A.wealth; work B.B.wealths; works C.C.wealths; work D.wealth; works 答案：D。 分析： wealth为不 可数名词。work 作不可数名词，意 为“工作”；作可数 名词，意为“作品” 、“著作”。 2 冠词和数词：考查的重点是冠词和数 词的基本用法。如： She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A.the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the 答案：C。 分析：newcomer是泛指 ，用不定冠词。学科名词 chemistry，不用冠词。 3 代词：考查的重点是不定代词与物主 代词的用法。如： -Is your camera like Bills and Anns? -No. But its almost the same as_. A. her B. yours C. them D. their 答案：B。 分析：此处比较的是camera，要 用物主代词。形容词性物主代词 只能作定语，空格后没有名词， 所以要用名词性物主代词。 4 形容词和副词：考查的重点是形容词 和副词的比较结构、词语辨异和系表结 构。如： -Have you finished your report yet？ -No, Ill finish in _ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less 答案：A。 分析：another后可接单数名 词，也可跟few或带数词的复 数名词表示“再、还”之意。 5 动词的时态和语态：在历年的高考中所 占的比重最大。考查的重点是复合句中的动 词形式, 语态常与时态一起考查。如： -Have you moved into the new house? -Not yet. The rooms _. A. are being painting B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painted 答案：D。 分析：先确定语态为被 动，再确定时态为进行 时。 6 情态动词：考查的重点是情态动词的基本 用法、虚拟语气的意义与结构。如： -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 答案：D。 分析：此处谈论过去的 情况，为对过去情况的 否定性推测。 7 非谓语动词：在高考中的分数比重及题量逐 步增加。考查的重点从及物动词后用不定式或动名 词作宾语，转向非谓语动词的句法功能、时间概念 、主动还是被动。 如： Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented 答案：A。 分析：consider表示“思考”时 ，常用动名词短语作宾语。但 此处consider表示“认为”，后 接不定式复合结构。不定式的 动作发生在谓语动作之前，要 用完成式来表示。 8 特殊句型：考查的重点是倒装、强调、感 叹、否定转移、部分否定、反意问句以及省 略和替代。如： Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 答案：A。 分析：否定词位 于句首时，主句 须倒装并且不能 再出现not。 9简单句、并列句和复合 句：考查的重点连接词的 用法。如： It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. if C. that D. for 答案：C。 分析：it是形式主 语，而真正的主语 是空格后的整个句 子。此处只有that 能引导主语从句。 10 短语与搭配：考查的重点一般是动词 短语辨义，以及介词与动词、形容词的 搭配。如： John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to _all his trousers to his measure. A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up 答案：A。 分析：let out表示“放大”。 11交际用语：考查的重点是日常交际用语， 一般是根据上下文情境来判断答语。如： A: May I take your order? B: Id like a cup of coffee and a hot dog. What about you, Lisa? Lisa: _. A. The same to me B. Same again, please C. Its very kind of you D. Thank you all the same. 答案：B。 分析：Same again, please.表示“同样 的再来一份”。 （二）单项选择解题技巧 1 利用上下语境。如： -Where shall I _? -At the next stop. A. drop you B. find you C. pick you up D. call on you 答案：A。 分析：就第一句而言， 四个选项都有意义。但 是，答语At the next stop暗示：两个人说话 时在一起。B、C、D 都不能用于这一情境。 2 参照类似表达 。如： -Where are you going to do the shopping? -At the _ store. A. shoes B. shoe C. shoes D. shoes 答案：B。分析：想一下熟悉 的the book store，此题就迎 刃而解了。此题涉及名词作定 语的用法，一般规则是：名词 作定语用单数。但是，也不能 形成定势：有时也用复数， 例如：a clothes shop, a communications satellite, a sales department等。名词 的所有格表达时间、距离和价 值，例如：three days stay, a stones throw, ten dollars worth of oil等。 3 避免思维定势。如： The young man spent as much time as he _ over his lessons. A. went B. would go C. could to go D. could going 答案：D。 分析：spend 的句型是spend + time + doing。不要受She did what she could to help him.的影响。 4 分析句子成分。如： The exciting moment we looked forward to _ at last. A. coming B. came C. come D. comes 答案：B。 分析：本句主语是The exciting moment，we looked forward to是个 定语从句，前面的关系代词which被 省略了。所选部分是谓语，不是 look forward to的宾语。 5 分析句子结构。如 ： _in the doorway, everyone in the room gave her a cheer. A. Appearing B. As she appeared C. Having appeared D. When appearing 答案：B。 分析：in the doorway的不是 everyone，而是she ，所以in the doorway之前要有 she。此句运用的是 as引导的时间状语从 句。 _, she had to stay at home and looked after her. A. Her mother was ill B. As she was ill C. Her mother being ill D. Being ill 答案：C。 分析：生病的不是she，而是Her mother。逗号 不能连接两个句子，要么用并列句Her mother was ill, so she had to stay at home and looked after her.要么用主从复合句Because her mother was ill, she had to stay at home and looked after her. 此句运用独立主格结构Her mother being ill 作原因状语。 6 重视标点符号。如： _, the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world. A. That is well-known B. It is known that C. As is well-known D. We all know 答案：C。 分析：逗号说明此句 是由as引导的非限制 性定语从句，不是主 语从句。 7 重视一词多性。 如： I saw a _ good girl on TV last night. A. lovely B. handsome C. pretty D. nice 答案：C。 分析：四个都可以作形 容词，但pretty还可作副 词，表示“相当”。 8 重视一词多义。如： Janes pale face suggested that she _ill, and her parents suggested that she _a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was ; have C. should be; had D. was; has 答案：B。 分析：suggest表示“暗示”，从句用陈 述语气；表示“建议”，从句用虚拟语 气（should可以省略）。 二 掌握理解技巧 巧做听力阅读 （一）听力理解的考查方式 场景题型。 地点题型。常见的提问形式有： Where does this conversation probably take place? Where did it happen? Where is. . . ? What kind of store is she going to? 例如： Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place? A. At a concert. B. At a flower shop. C. At a restaurant. 录音：M: The music and the flower are lovely. W: Yes, I hope the food is good, too. 答案：C。该题需要 合理的推断。题中关 键词为the food。 时间题型。常见的提问方式有： When does the conversation take place？ when does the man want to leave？ How long did it take the man to write his paper？ When did the football match start？ 例如： Q: At what time does the train to Leeds leave? A. 3:00. B. 3:15. C. 5:00. 录音：W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, its 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds, which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 答案：B。该题需要简 单的计算。说话时是3 点钟，M建议乘去 Leeds的车，该车途径 Manchester，15分钟 后发车。 例如： Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Neighbors. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife. 录音：W: Hello! M: Hello, Lucy, this is John. Look, could you do me a favor? Ive tried to phone my wife six times and I cant get through. The line is busy all the time. Could you possibly go next door and give her a message? W: Sure, what do you want to tell Mary? 答案：A。解题的关键 是抓住phone my wife， go next door等关键性的 词语。 人物关系题型。常见的提问形式是： What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 职业判断题型。常见的提问形式有： Whats the womans job? Whats the profession (职业)of the man? Who is the woman probably speaking to? 例如： Q: Who is the woman most probably speaking to? A. A railway porter. B. A taxi driver. C. A postal clerk. 录音：W: Excuse me, sir. Im going to send this parcel to London. Whats the postage for it? M: Let me see. Its one pound fifty. 答案：C。根据parcel（邮包）和postage （邮资）等关键词可以判断：这位女士是 在跟邮局职员讲话。 推断题型。常见的提问形式有： What do we learn from the conversation? What does the conversation tell us? Why cant the woman find the book? What is the man doing? What will the weather be like? Whats their opinion of Lindas brother? What does the man mean? What can we conclude from the mans reply? What happened to the woman? What was the consequence of the accident? 例如： Q: What does the man mean? A. She can use his car. B. She can borrow someone elses car. C. She cant borrow his car. 录音：W: I need a car this weekend, but mine has broken down. M: Im sorry to hear it, but you can always rent one if you have a license. 答案：C。 女士讲话有 借车之意。 男士委婉地 拒绝了女士 的请求。 例如： Q: What did the man do last night? A. He watched television with his friend. B. He stayed at home talking with his friend. C. He went to see a film with his friend. 录音：W: Did you see last night film on Channel 4? M: Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine came to see me. We had a nice long talk about our school days. 答案：B。but后面的内容：一是朋友来 访，二是畅谈过去。 中BUT题型。题型特征为：对话答语由两部分 组成，先是一个短句，后接一个较长的句子，短句与长句 子之间用but连接。题目的答案通常在but之后。 虚拟语气题型。 虚拟条件句。 例如： Q: What happened to the woman? A. She got home before 9 oclock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She was delayed. 录音：W: If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock. M: Its too bad you didnt make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you. 答案：C。女 士讲话表达 与过去事实 相反，即9点 未能到家。 wish+从句。 例如： Q: What do we learn from the convention? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man has been to Austin before. 录音：W: Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think its worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. 答案：B。男 士讲话表达一 种未能实现的 愿望。事实： 他从未去过那 里。 建议题型。 Why dont you.? 与Why not.? 例如： Q: What is the man suggesting? A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue. C. Coming back in five minutes. 录音：W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long line. M: Why dont we come back for the next show? Im sure it would be less crowded. 答案：A。男士的建议中用 的是the next show，而在选 项中用a later show作替换。 录音：W: We do need another bookshelf in this room, but the problem is the space for it. M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen? What/How about.？ 例如： Q: What does the man suggest they should do? A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table. C. Rearrange some furniture. 答案：C。建议内容是 ：把旧餐桌搬到厨房里 。 比较题型。常见的提问方式有： What do(es) think of ? Who/Which is better? What do(es) like best? 例如： Q: What does Tome like to do most? A. Tom like best to make phone calls. B. Tom likes to talk with his friends most. C. Tom likes to visit his friends most. 录音：M: Does Tom like to visit his friends? W: Yes, but he likes nothing better than to talk on the telephone with his friends. 答案：A。比较 级 nothing better than表达最高级 的含义 。 （二）阅读理解的考查方式 推断词义。 利用形合手段。形合指的是：同义、反义、上 义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系。 例如：Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries. The underlined words in the paragraph mean _. A. renewable source B. underground source C. heat inside the earth D. temperature of the earth 答案：C。geothermal energy是 renewable energy的一种形式，属上下义 关系。geothermal energy与heat from the earth是同义关系。 利用语言情境。语境指的是照应、替代、省略 、定义、举例等。 例如：The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education , medicine, and business. Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society- one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages. The underlined word one refers to _. A. a society B. America C. a place D. population 答案：A。one 是society的同位语。 利用构词知识。构词法主要有：词缀法转 类法合词法。 例如：Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate“. But not all experts agree that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees, is David, the founder of computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertowns UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate.“ David thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do, they find out. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People dont have to learn computer terms (术语), but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming “people-literate.“ 分析：文中解释了两个概念： computer-literate ： to bring people closer to the computer a computer club： for people who have some computer knowledge already people-literate ： to bring computers to people Computertowns： there are computers for them to experiment on not to tell people about computers dont have to learn computer terms (术语) We can infer from the text that “computer- literate“ means . A. being able to afford a computer B. being able to write computer programs C. working with the computer and finding out its value D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it 答案：D。 抓住have some computer knowledge already这一关键，并通过理解 其相对概念people-literate作出选择。 其实，computer-literate是computer（计算 机）和literate（受过教育的）构成的合成词 ，如果分别知道这两个词的意思，不仅有助 于本词汇题的选择，也有助于本文的理解。 阅读词汇要求：生词率3%*1000 （以上）=至少30。30/5=6个生词/ 篇。 建议：弄熟全国统一考试大 纲中的词汇。认识新课标 中的词汇。 概括主旨。常见的提问方式： This news story is mainly about _. The text is mainly about _ . The best headline (标题) for this newspaper article is_. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? What would be the best title for the text? 例如：Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions- People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again- The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. What is the topic of the text? A. Young thieves. B. An unusual illness. C. Reasons for stealing. D. A normal childs actions. 答案：B。本文议论的中心为一种罕见 的疾病， 浓缩于第一句主题句中： Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. 捕捉细节。常见的提问方式： Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph(passage) ? Which of the following statements is false (not true), according to the paragraph (passage) ? All the following statements are (not true) EXCEPT The author (writer) mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT In this paragraph (passage), we find support for all of the following statements EXCEPT The statements made by the author (writer) are based on evidence (example, fact) The author (paragraph, passage) states (informs, tell us) that 例如：Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive. Sam and Joe, however, thought, it would be exciting though a little dangerous. “Were the best men for the job,“ they said to the boss. “There may be problems, but we can find the answers. “Theyre the last people Id trust,“ thought the boss. “But all the other astronauts have refused to go.“ Most of the astronauts were unwilling to go on the trip because_ . A. there was little chance of being selected B. they werent experienced enough C. they thought they might get killed D. it wasnt exciting enough 答案：C。本题答案在文中可直接 找到： the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive. 推断信息。 针对主题大意/中心思想的推断题。常见的提问方式： We can conclude that. We may infer that. The writer suggests that. The story implies that. What the writer really means is. It can be inferred from the passage that. According to the passage, you can see. It can be seen from the passage that. The passage suggests that. In the writers opinion, . 针对作者的观点、态度和意图的推断题。 What does the author think of? How does the author feel about? In the writers opinion, ? Whats the tone of this passage? 针对写作思路、文章体裁和来源的推断题 What does/did the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss? The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses This selection（节选）might be some parts of a book concerned with. This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with. Where did this passage most probably appear? These extracts（摘录）are probably taken from. 例如：We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk . Mum just pushed harder , each swipe (拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight . “Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours. C. The conditions there arent very good. D. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard. 答案：B。本文主要叙述Mum巧妙地骗 过护士在非探视时间看望女儿Dagmar 的经过，说明医院有严格的探视制度。 本题的推论必须与文章主题相联系。 （二）完形填空的考查方式 运用复现 原词复现。上下文中同一概念重复出现。 同义词、近义词复现。借助意思相同或相 近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语 义得以连接起来。 同源词复现。同一词根，通过前缀、后缀 、合成和转化等方式构成同源词。 上下义词复现。上义词具有概括性，下义 词具有分述作用。 概念复现。同一概念在上下文中以不同的 词语出现。 评述性复现。用一种表达方式对另一种表 达方法进行解释或说明。 反义复现。通过反义词或对比使文章前后 衔接照应。 利用联想 利用话题联想。就某一话题而言，有许多 信息和表达方式与之同现，形成一个个词汇 链。 利用因果关系联想。 利用结构联想。通过关键词进行固定结构 联想。 借助语言标志。 借助转承语。 借助并列连词。 三 突破写作误区 巧做书面表达 （一）认识失分原因 1审题不仔细，遗漏要点。 例如：2000年全国卷（目击交通事故） 目击报告: It was 7 : 15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didnt stop but drove