毕业论文-某行业废水治理工艺设计-薯干原料酒厂酒精糟液的处理技术.doc

目录一 、设计课题2(一)、设计题目2(二)、摘要2(三)、关键词2二、绪论3三、酒精糟液的处理技术4 (一)、工艺选择5(二)、工艺流程介绍5(三)、主要处理构筑物、设备的设计5四、致谢10五、设计参考11某行业废水治理工艺设计薯干原料酒厂酒精糟液的处理技术摘要：论述了薯干原料酒厂酒精糟液的处理技术，提出带式压滤机固液分离-UASB-SBR的酒精槽液处理工艺，以某酒厂的应用实例说明工程设计方案、调试过程和处理效果。关键词: 酒精、废水、固液分离、UASB、SBR绪 论酒精工业是国民经济重要的基础原料产业。酒精广泛应用于化学、食品、日用化工、医药卫生等领域。我国的酒精年产量约为300万t，生产原料以粮食（玉米、薯干等）为主，粮食酒精中约有80%是用薯干酿造的。酒精生产过程中蒸馏工序排放的酒精糟液是一种含高悬浮物、高浓度的有机废液。据统计，每生产1t酒精，排放的有机物含量达500kg以上。全国每年排放的酒精工业废水约为1200万m3。大量的高浓度有机废水如果不经严格处理直接排放，将会造成严重的污染。资源浪费、污染环境已成为制约国内酒精工业发展的一个重要因素。安徽省泗州酒厂是一个以薯干为原料生产酒精的白酒厂，年产酒精5000t。正常生产时排放酒精糟液250m3/d，糟液温度为90。废水中主要含糖类、有机酸、蛋白质和纤维素等，有机物浓度很高，CODCr达到3000045000mg/L，BOD5达到1500025000mg/ L。糟液非常浑浊，SS约为40000mg/L。废液呈酸性，pH为34。酒精糟液虽然污染物浓度高，但没有生物毒性，可生化性好。该厂属于淮河流域限期治理项目。为了彻底根治其对周围环境和地下水资源的严重污染，该厂对酒糟废液进行综合利用，建成处理能力为250m3/ d的高浓度有机废水(酒精糟液)处理厂。同时回收糟液中的饲料和生产沼气。设计废水水质指标为： CODCr：40000mg/L；BOD5：25000mg/L；SS：20000mg/L；pH：3.54。处理后出水水质应达到污水综合排放标准(GB8978-88)中的行业一级标准：CODCr：350mg/L；BOD5：200mg/L；SS：200mg/L；pH：69。1、处理工艺选择（应该写两个工艺流程进行比较之后，选择一个比较合适的，因为你的这个标题是工艺的选择，一个工艺就没有选择的必要）酒精糟液综合利用和深度处理的关键之一是对酒精糟液进行有效的固液分离。薯干酒精糟液的脱水处理具有很大难度，过去采用离心脱水机和箱式压滤机两种脱水设备进行脱水试验，由于薯干酒精糟液粘度大，粒度小，容易将离心脱水机的滤网和箱式压滤机的滤布堵塞，结果均不是很成功。因而无法应用于薯干酒精糟液的脱水。原机械部环保所对酒精糟液脱水工艺进行了深入研究，开发研制出新型带式压滤机。新型带式压滤机特点如下：超长的重力脱水区；超长的斜式楔形区；结构紧凑、压力递增的压榨区；独创滤带偏移检测方式和双端纠偏机构；性能好、效率高的反冲洗方式。 在某酿酒厂进行的工业性试验结果显示：进料酒精糟液含水率为96%96.5%，pH值为4.0，温度为70。脱水处理后酒糟滤饼含水率72%。利用带式压滤机进行酒精糟液脱水是一种尝试和突破。技术关键是针对性地提出调节等电点和相应的絮凝处理工艺，可以提高糟渣回收率，提高糟液CODCr去除率(74%)，对减轻后部滤液深度处理负荷具有明显效果。经过带式压滤机对酒糟废液进行固液分离以后，滤液的CODCr可降低50%左右，SS 也大幅度降低，有利于废水的厌氧和好氧的生化处理。后续的厌氧工艺采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)，好氧工艺采用序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)。2、处理工艺流程介绍（工艺流程介绍太少，这是论文的重点，将废水处理的流程详细介绍，每一步怎么处理都要写清楚）本工艺的核心是：固液分离、UASB和SBR。酒糟废液经过粗格栅进入调节池进行冷却和调节，再用立式污泥泵将糟液泵入污泥浓缩池，浓缩后的糟液进入带式压滤机进行固液分离。滤渣经挤压、干燥可制成直接供销售的饲料。滤液泵入厌氧UASB和好氧SBR单元进行处理，出水达标排放。UASB产生的沼气经水封阻火器后进入储柜或输送到工厂锅炉直接燃烧。3、主要处理构筑物、设备的设计3.1调节沉淀池调节沉淀池为地下结构，总体尺寸为：长10m，宽4.5m，深3.0m，水力停留时间 2.0h 。调节池底部设污泥斗，污泥斗倾角50，斗内设污泥提升泵将沉淀污泥提升至浓缩池。调节池浅水区设厌氧进水泵2台，1用1备。3.2UASB反应器酒糟废液经固液分离后CODCr去除50%，UASB进水CODCr=20000mg/L，Q 225m3/d。设计负荷为7.0kgCODCr/(m3d)，硝化温度3537。UASB反应罐选用D11m ，H8.0m，有效水深H7.5m。UASB内设有水、泥、气分离用的三相分离器，以维持反应罐内高活性的厌氧污泥菌群，并有效地回收沼气，UASB出水CODCr3000 mg/L，SS1 500mg/L。其沼气产量为2 000m3/d。3.3SBR反应器进水CODCr3000mg/L，SS1500mg/L，污泥负荷为0.3kgCOD/(kgMLSSd) ，污泥浓度为3g/L，SBR反应器有效容积为750m3。依据废水处理工艺要求设置2座圆形SBR反应器。每座SBR反应器的尺寸为：D11m，H5.0m，有效水深4.5m。根据SBR反应器的运行规律和设计要求确定不同的运行周期，排水方式采用篦水器排水，依据时间控制其升降实现排水。曝气装置采用中微孔曝气器曝气，曝气器的氧利用率按10%计算，曝气池对CODCr去除率为90%，则供气量应为10m3/min，选SSR100风机3台，2用1备。3.4 风机房风机房安装3台SSR100离心风机，2用1备。单机风量为6.73m3/min，H5.0m。风机房设有隔音的配电室及操作休息间，风机房总尺寸：长宽高10m5m7m。3.5 污泥浓缩池酒糟液进入调节沉淀池后，大部分污泥将沉淀于污泥斗内，经污泥泵提升至污泥浓缩池进行浓缩，以利于后续的污泥机械脱水。污泥浓缩池为半地下式钢筋混凝土结构，其几何尺寸为：DH5.0m7.0m。浓缩后污泥进入带式压滤机进行机械脱水，浓缩池上清液回流至调节池后进入UASB厌氧反应器进行处理。3.6污泥脱水机及脱水机房浓缩以后的糟液和污泥，用泥浆泵输送到管道混合器与高分子絮凝剂和助凝剂混合，在折板式絮凝反应器中反应后流入带式压滤机脱水，设计中选用带式压滤机，带宽1.5m，处理量为13.5m3湿泥/h。脱水机滤后的上清液回流至调节池后进入UASB进一步处理，带式压滤机反冲洗所用的自来水和空气由离心泵和空压机供给。脱水以后的污泥饼(含水率80%) 有很高的营养价值。工艺中所用药剂经药品毒理试验及饲用试验均证明对牲畜无毒无害，所以带式压滤机分离出的泥饼可直接做饲料，若以每t饲料(干物质)500元计，每年以300个工作日计算，则年收益为120万元。污泥脱水机房由机房、配电室及值班室组成。内装有带宽1.5m的带式压滤机1台及相应的污泥泵、溶药罐、空压机等辅助设备，脱水机房平面尺寸：LB12.0m5.0 m，檐高5.0m，砖混结构。4 运行调试和处理效果工程调试先从厌氧部分开始，分为三个阶段：污泥驯化培养期、负荷提高期和满负荷运转期。从1997年10月开始厌氧部分的调试，至1998年4月酒精废水全部进入UASB反应器，有机负荷达8.0kgCODCr/(m3d)，CODCr去除率稳定在90%以上，出水CODCr为2500mg/L左右，SS为1500mg/L左右。1998年3月好氧系统也投入运行，经过3个月的运转，各项指标均达标。第一阶段污泥驯化培养期：利用邻县的灵璧酒厂厌氧处理装置中的厌氧活性污泥接种，接种后反应器污泥浓度约为20.0g/L。由于两厂水质及发酵温度相似，因此活性污泥不需要进行驯化，从而缩短启动时间。厌氧罐由20升至37，每日升温12。将少量调节池中的高温废水泵入厌氧罐，多余废水流出，如此进行加热循环。控制进水量为46m3/h。同时控制以0.10.3kg CODCr/(m3d)的容积负荷投加废水，当温度升高到37时，负荷达2kg CODCr/(m3d)时，进入提高负荷阶段。第二阶段负荷提高期：在反应罐稳定运行的基础上，负荷从2kgCODCr/(m3d)提高到设计负荷7.0kgCODCr/(m3d)。驯化期内间歇进水，一天两次，根据浓度和水量控制负荷。要求控制反应罐出水挥发性有机酸(VFA)小于200mg/L，pH 7.2以上，CODCr/(m3d)去除率80%以上且产气正常，方可进一步提高负荷。整个调试期约7个月(第一阶段4个月，第二阶段3个月)，自1998年4月UASB达到设计负荷后，CODCr去除率一直维持在90%以上。虽然水质有波动，但有机负荷总是稳定在7.0kgCODCr/(m3d)以上。随着有机负荷的提高，产气量也相应提高，产气率为2.63.7m3/(m3d)。SBR好氧反应器的调试比较简单。先在反应器中注入清水和少量废液开始曝气，待生长出污泥后逐渐增加废水量。1998年3月开始达到满负荷运行，CODCr去除率达到90%以上，出水水质达到规定的排放标准。致谢：本设计的完成是在我们的指导老师的细心指导下进行的。在每次设计遇到问题时老师不辞辛苦的讲解才使得我的设计顺利的进行。从设计的选题到资料的搜集直至最后设计的修改的整个过程中，花费了老师很多的宝贵时间和精力，在此向导师表示衷心地感谢！导师严谨的治学态度，开拓进取的精神和高度的责任心都将使学生受益终生！还要感谢和我同一设计小组的几位同学，是你们在我平时设计中和我一起探讨问题，并指出我设计上的误区，使我能及时的发现问题把设计顺利的进行下去，没有你们的帮助我不可能这样顺利地结稿，在此表示深深的谢意。参考文献：1 王国华 任鹤云，工业废水处理工程设计与实例化学工业出版社2004年10月2 张统.CASS处理生活污水及中水回用.给排水，2001，273 魏先勋等主编. 环境工程设计手册（修订版） 湖南科学技术出版社4 闪红光主编. 环境保护设备选用手册-水处理设备化学工业出版社5 北京水环境技术与设备研究中心主编. 三废处理工程技术手册（废水卷） 化学工业出版社为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2 Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese为你提供优秀的毕业论文设计参考资料，请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationsh