汉语言文学毕业论文-林黛玉的文人情愫.doc

宁夏大学高等教育自学考试毕 业 论 文 题 目 ：林黛玉的文人情愫姓 名 ：韩慧娥专 业 ：汉语言文学准考证号 ：070108400032指导教师 ：杨立琼联系电话 要：林黛玉是红楼梦中最璀璨夺目的女性形象，在她身上闪耀着曹雪芹理想与智慧的强劲光芒。她孤傲、脱俗、忧郁、伤感的鲜活个性与卓尔不群的诗作，使她成为文学史上所有女性形象中最独特的一个。她体现着中国文人丰富、深沉的文化底蕴和审美价值追求，凝聚着传统文化的精髓。“诗魂”追其一生的林黛玉也是曹雪芹先生人生和自我才华展示的大舞台。关键词：诗化 林黛玉 文人 气质林黛玉的文人情愫摘要：林黛玉是红楼梦中最璀璨夺目的女性形象，在她身上闪耀着曹雪芹理想与智慧的强劲光芒。她孤傲、脱俗、忧郁、伤感的鲜活个性与卓尔不群的诗作，使她成为文学史上所有女性形象中最独特的一个。她体现着中国文人丰富、深沉的文化底蕴和审美价值追求，凝聚着传统文化的精髓。“诗魂”追其一生的林黛玉也是曹雪芹先生人生和自我才华展示的大舞台。关键词：诗化 林黛玉 文人 气质红楼梦中各个女孩都精华灵秀、独具魅力。有妩媚丰美、精悍大度的宝钗；有美丽灵秀、文采精华的探春；也有风流娇艳、天真率直的湘云。然而，她们的美都是能够说出来的，是可以用言语来表达，黛玉的美却远非俗人能体悟。我个人认为：她是清秀灵幻的，她是清高孤傲的，她是忧郁伤感的，她是在用诗意的心灵和文人的气质在生活。一、外表下的文人气息从整部红楼梦来看，林黛玉天生就该是一个浪漫的文人。无论是从她迷离梦幻的身世、渗透着贵族情调的教养来看，还是从她“捧心西子”、“颦颦弱柳”的身姿来看，她无疑都具有一种清秀灵幻的文人特点。众所周知，林黛玉的前世为离恨天西方灵河边三生石上一株仙草，名为“绛珠”。日见枯萎之时，得神瑛侍者灌溉，集天地灵气而修成了人体。因为这种机缘，这颗仙草的本身带有的神性，所以它托身的林黛玉身上便具有了一种神性，一种超凡脱俗、得天地精华的清秀非凡之美。正是这种神话般的身世使林黛玉成为文学上不断被研究的焦点人物，也使她的形象更加具体。同时，林黛玉身上流露出的“清秀灵幻”的神性美也是历代文人骚客不自觉地，却又主动赋予才子佳人的美好形象。林黛玉是贾敏和 林如海的独生女，先祖曾世袭列侯，父亲是前科探花，钦点的巡盐御史，母亲又是贾母所钟爱的小女儿。因而黛玉的出身可谓是：既有“钟鸣鼎食之家”的尊贵，又兼具“书香士族”的高雅。林如海只有黛玉一个孩子，便将她“假充养子”（第二回），任其读书识字，与诗书为伴。这段时间可以说是林黛玉一生中最惬意的日子，她过着比较娇惯又不受拘束的童年生活，也接受着最为人性化的知识。可惜好景不长，黛玉五岁的时候，父母相继离世，她便来到了“花柳繁华”的荣国府，她的受教育生涯也就提早结束了。我们应该庆幸：庆幸这个清贵的家族没有来得及对她进行更多的阶级教养，也没来得及把那个社会给女人所规定的一切带给她以更深刻的感受。可以说，是林黛玉的出身及她幼年所受的文化教育决定了她文人气质的形成。初见黛玉，我们便可以从第三回的两段描写中看出这位诗人的天资气质。首先，众人眼中之黛玉是“有一般天然的风流态度”（第三回），凤姐一见就惊道：“天下竟有这般标致人儿”。宝玉眼里这位“神仙似的妹妹”则别有一种风范和神韵：两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。这是曹雪芹在把中华民族的审美积淀进行选择之后，使她拥有了“捧心西子”的绝世姿容。对林黛玉的这种略形描写，使她更显得超尘脱俗。例如，写眼睛是笼烟眉、含情目，“烟”与“水”本来就是无形的，用两缕青烟来比喻林黛玉的眉，颇有山在虚无缥缈间之感，更显得虚无空灵。实际上书中很多处都曾营造出这种氛围，香冢边葬花的倩影、花丛中哭泣的娇声这许多亦诗亦画的场景、共同完成着林黛玉的文人形象。二、“竹”“水”与林黛玉的文化融合我们知道，大观园中林黛玉是住在潇湘馆的。一进院子，“有千百竿翠竹遮映”“后院墙下忽开一隙，得泉一派，开沟仅尺许，灌入墙内，绕阶缘屋，至前院，盘旋竹下而出。”（第十七回）别的且不说，作者写竹就是很有意思的。“竹”在中国传统文化里一直都是高雅、正直的隐者的象征。苏东坡就曾说过“宁可食无肉，不可居无竹”。可见“竹”被中国传统文人是如何的青睐？而曹雪芹将“竹”这一意象赐予黛玉，可以说是他在把古代文人所钦佩的“竹”所代表的种种意象植在了林黛玉身上。林黛玉因爱那几竿竹子，住进了潇湘馆，“竹”便成了林黛玉的化身：翠竹“竿竿青欲滴”，它随风飘荡的修长苗条的身姿，像黛玉纤巧婀娜的身段和弱柳扶风的步态；竹不和群芳为伍，永远清秀质朴的气性，同黛玉不事浓妆艳抹、清高孤傲的性格极为契合；“斑竹一枝千滴泪”又映衬着潇湘妃子这个雅号和黛玉以泪洗面的命运。竹是黛玉，黛玉是竹。那么，除了林黛玉，又有谁配得上潇湘馆这个地方呢？当然，我们也该注意到，潇湘馆不仅有竹还有水。这股泉水是从墙外流进来的，又小又窄又浅，它绕着潇湘馆的台阶、屋宇流过，最后顺着竹林流出。“水”在中国传统文化当中，特别是红楼梦里，是代表着少女的。宝玉就常说“女儿是水做的骨肉”，因而，这里写到水就很容易理解了。泉水绕着潇湘馆流淌是把林黛玉比作这些少女中的杰出代表；水又小又窄又浅，意味着林黛玉生命力的脆弱；水顺竹林而流出，就是在说林黛玉像竹和水一样宁折不弯，刚正高洁的人品了。正如黛玉面对污浊尘世发出的宣言一样：质本洁来还洁去，不叫污淖陷沟渠。每日在潇湘馆的竹和水之间生活着的林黛玉，渴望保存本性中至纯至真的一面，过着竹林七贤曾享受过的隐士生活。所以说，潇湘馆的竹与水不单单是象征了林黛玉的高洁品性，也让我们了解到林黛玉对魏晋时形成的隐逸文化的偏爱。三、忧郁的性格与诗才的展示红楼梦中各个女孩几乎都会吟诗作对，而忧郁感伤的林黛玉无疑是这些女孩当中最具有诗人气质的。林黛玉的性格之所以多愁善感、忧郁自卑是有原因的。她幼时便父母双亡，客居贾府的岁月里她始终克服不了“外人”的心结，生活和爱情上的不顺使她认识到自己是处于那个阶级社会的劣势地位，这种劣势感和小心翼翼的生活都在她幼小的心灵埋下了孤独、忧郁、自卑的种子。而另一个更重要的原因是她先天体弱。“请了多少名医修方配药皆不见效”（第三回），十几岁的少女竟是个“美人灯”，风吹吹就坏了。多病与多愁是相伴而行的，身体上的病痛加重了林黛玉精神上的负担，再加上与生俱来的聪颖使林黛玉对外界事物有着更特殊的感悟力。这种感悟力使她创作出了更多更优秀的作品，并且让她能够将自己的灵魂融进客观事物，再表达出来。如白海棠诗中“娇羞默默同谁诉”（第三十七回）。这一句既是对海棠神态的描摹，也是林黛玉自我心灵的独白。又如第二十七回，黛玉因前一日误会宝玉不理她，心中便感到无限委屈，又见落花遍地，便躲在埋香冢葬花，吟出了“花开易见落难寻，阶前愁杀葬花人”的诗句，而对于自己在贾府的处境则是“一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼”。整首葬花词都是她多愁善感性格的产物。是林黛玉用落花自况，血泪作墨，对进入贾府以后的生活感受和苦痛命运的真实写照。可以说，林黛玉是一首灵性的诗，她生命形态的一部分就是诗词。她率性而为，从不让“理”压抑“情”，一任诗才自由流露。正如林黛玉切身体验：无赖诗魔侵昏晓，诗词日夜都伴随着她。第二十七回的葬花吟、第四十五回的秋窗风雨夕、第六十四回的五美吟、第七十回的桃花行等，都是林黛玉在展示她的诗才。另外，在大观园组建的诗社活动中，黛玉的诗质量最高数量也最多。其中，杏帘在望被元春赞为最佳，葬花吟更是名句不断。诗，对于林黛玉是不可一日无的。她用诗发泄痛苦，用诗书写快乐，用诗表示抗议。诗也表现了她冰清玉洁的节操和刚直不阿的人格，使她具有了一种迷人的艺术光辉！林黛玉不仅是用诗为自己的心绪和思愁展开了挥洒的天地，更为香菱开了门，让她进入一个俗人不能干涉的世界。第四十八回讲到香菱要学诗时，宝钗讥她“得陇望蜀”，很不耐烦，香菱去请教黛玉，黛玉却热忱认真地给她讲诗的作法和要求：主张学诗要学最上乘的，让她先从王维的五律、杜甫的七律和李白的七绝入手，“肚子里先有了三个人做底子然后再把陶渊明、应、阮、刘、鲍等人的诗一看”。并且还把自己的藏书借给香菱看，认真地批改香菱的习作。由此可见，林黛玉对诗的喜爱都到了爱屋及乌的地步，因诗而对香菱都较为喜爱了。她不仅会作诗，而且会讲诗，真可谓诗才横溢。正如蒋和森所论：“你是眼泪的化身，乡愁的别名”。林黛玉忧郁感伤性格的一个重要表现就是哭泣，爱流眼泪。“不知风雨几时休，已教泪洒窗纱湿”（第四十五回）。这就是黛玉，在现实中流泪，在诗中也哭泣。哭是她对生活折磨的强烈反应；是她发泄痛苦的方式，也是她文人气质的种种感受的抒发。综观中国文学史，文人的愁苦忧伤伴随着漫长的历史岁月。曹雪芹让林黛玉哭泣，就是在用她的生命悲剧来诠释古代知识分子的悲惨命运。屈原、宋玉和司马迁等，又有哪一个不是在哭泣与穷愁中成就的？因而忧郁感伤被认为是符合中国文人传统的气质，林黛玉便成了具有古典人文性格的知识分子的艺术化身。总而言之，曹雪芹在林黛玉身上是倾注了所有爱心的。从她祖上的遗传基因到她后天的教育，住处的陈设装饰以及她忧郁感伤的性格等，林黛玉无疑是一个知识型的、文采风流的大家闺秀。在塑造林黛玉这一形象时，曹雪芹对其注入了深深的文人情愫，甚至寄托了许多自己的人文理想，使她代表了当时知识分子的情感，赋予她以灵性、美貌和质本洁来还洁去的气质。从本质上讲，林黛玉孤高自傲和恣情感伤是中国古代文人执着于内心自觉的写照。她这种“文人形象”的塑造也体现了曹雪芹对知识分子处境的思考和对包括自己在内的文人命运的感伤。注释：李希凡：红楼梦人物画传，第27页，吉林人出民出版社王昆仑：红楼梦人物论，第85页，团结出版社，。参考文献：曹雪芹：红楼梦，北京燕山出版社，2007年第一版。 蒋和森：红楼梦论稿，人民文学出版社，2006年版。 李希凡：红楼梦人物画传，吉林人出民出版社2002年版 王昆仑：红楼梦人物论，团结出版社，2002年版g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete b