阅读理解解题技巧.pptVIP

书面表达13% 听力17% 单选13% 完成句子与 口语交际8% 动词应用8% 单词拼写8% 完形8% 各类题型在初中学生学业考试中所占比例 25% 阅读理解 初中学生学业考试阅读理解选材 基本原则及分值 1. 文章一般为四篇，阅读量在1,000单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括新闻、广告、科普、医疗、 社会、文化、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。 4. 考分30分。 阅读理解解题步骤 1.快速浏览全文，掌握大意； 2.仔细审题，分析比较选项； 3.带着问题复读，捕捉关键信息， 解答问题； 4.再读全文，核对答案。 细节理解 推理判断 猜测词义 主旨大意 10% 20% 5% 65% 阅读理解考点所占比例 2011滨州初中学生学业考试 1._的测试题干： The main idea of the story is_. From the passage we know that_. The writer wants to tell us _. Which of the following is the best title? A.主旨大意C.推理判断B.细节理解D.猜测词义 We can infer（推断） from the passage that _. From the passage, we can tell_. The passage shows that _. When he said, “”, he meant_. 2._的测试题干： The right order which tells the story is _. Which of the following is not mentioned? Which of the following is true/ not true? 3._的测试题干： The wordin paragraph refers to _. The underlined word“”means_. Which of the following word can take the place of.? 4._的测试题干： A.主旨大意C.推理判断B.细节理解D.猜测词义 1. Anna introduced the idea of drinking afternoon tea because she_. A. enjoyed chatting with her friends at home B. loved fine tea and beautiful China tea cups C. wanted to share nice food with her friends D. found people felt hungry during the long wait between the two meals 2. What does“social occasions”mean in Chinese? A. 集体婚礼 B. 社交活动 C. 社区表演 D. 公共场合 3. Which of the following is not mentioned? A. You will be offered coffee only. B. You are asked what you would like to drink. C. You will be asked to have a chat with him or her. D. You are invited to take part in an afternoon tea party. 细节理解题 猜测词义题 细节理解题 4. We can infer（推断） from the passage that _. A. a new business was started in coffeehouses B. coffeehouses are still used by businessmen and bankers C. businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses just for coffee D. most people wouldnt like to go to coffeehouses because of the noise 5. Which is the best title of the article? A. British And Chinese Culture B. The Beginning Of Tea And Coffee C. Coffeehouses And Business D. English Tea And Coffee Culture 推理判断题 主旨大意题 解题方法： 细节理解题： 仔细审题，明确提问指向，进行扫读，局部细读， 从文章中直接找到答案或提取相关信息。 To make a hot-air balloon (气球) go up, turn on the burner. That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up. ( ) 1. You want the balloon to go up. So you will _. A. jump out if the balloon B. let the air out of the balloon C. make the air inside the balloon hotter D. let the air inside the balloon cool down C 推理判断题： 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，研 究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。 Underneath (在下面) the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot and the passengers go. ( ) 1. Where will you sit if you want to fly in the balloon? A. Inside the basket. B. On the top of the balloon. C. Under the basket. D. Inside the balloon. A A In this way I spend my vacation happily. I not only studied well, but also became a good swimmer. Now Im in good health and high spirits (精神). ( ) 2.The writer had a very good summer vacation because he _. A. felt time flew B. made progress in his study and had fun swimming C. got up early and went home late D. was free all the time B B Earthquakes are hard to predict, but do you know what to do during an earthquake? Heres some advice: Its important for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong table. The purpose is to protect yourself from objects, stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy furniture and so on. If youre cooking, turn off the gas. If youre outdoors, move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible, stay away from bridges and tall buildings, stay in your car. ( ) 1. The main idea of the article is_. A. earthquakes are hard to predict B. we should move away from buildings, bridges and trees C. what we should do during an earthquake D. we should stay away from bridges and tall buildings C A 主旨大意题：通过略读，注意每段的第一句，发现与问题有关 的信息，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。寻找主题句。 Have you ever heard your own voice? “Of course,” you say. Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say, “Of course.” But thats not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voicethe way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves(声波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. Thebones(骨头) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的)ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. Thats why they dont Hear your voice the way you do. ( )2. The passage is mainly about _. A. waves in the air B. the way you hear your own voice C. voice gets around far and wide D. the different ways you and others hear your voice B D 猜测词义的方法主要有： 1. 利用文章中对词的定义或释义猜测词义； 2. 以同义词、近义词或反义词为线索猜测词义； 3. 以作者重述前面的内容的句子为线索猜测词义； 4. 利用上下文对比、因果、转折、递进等关系猜测词义； 5. 根据文中的举例猜测词义，常见的举例的提示词有: for example, such as, for instance等； 6. 利用定语从句、同位语从句、表语从句等解释猜测词义； 7. 利用标点符号猜测词义 (破折号、冒号、括号等起解释说明 的作用) ； 8. 用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义； 9. 根据构词法（前缀、后缀以及合成词等)。 猜测词义题： 善于运用猜词技巧，用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不 熟悉的词的词义。 ( ) 1. What does “burner ” mean in Chinese? A. 烧伤 B. 火、热或酸所造成的伤害或伤痕 C. 燃烧器 D. 燃烧 To make a hot-air balloon go up, turn on the burner . That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up. C A 根据构词法（前缀、后缀以及合成词等）和上下文来猜词。 The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm. They dont like to speak more words. They look very serious. They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hard-working. They like tidiness, especially the women, who always keep their home clean. ( ) 2. What does the underlined word “tidiness” mean? A. 整洁的 B. 安静 C. 整洁 D. 安静的 C B 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词， 近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。 Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. “Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot,“ said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more. ( ) 1. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _. A. it was in the hole B. it was very hot C. it was orange D. it was harmful B 常用的解题小窍门： 综合推理法。做题时需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理， 及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。 题干中有“ suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to” 等字眼时，属于推断概括型。 It was at the age of 20 that Mike first not noticed something was wrong with him. He started to bump(撞上) into things .When he visited his family at Christmas time, his mother was so worried that she made him see a doctor . Mike was sent to hospital for tests. Finally , the result came back. Mike had motor neurotic disease , an incurable(无可救药的) illness which would make him unable to speak , breathe or move without the help of a machine. Doctors said they had no way to help him. He would die before he was 23. ( ) 2. According to the result of the tests the doctor said that Mike could_. A. live no longer than three years B. ask other doctors for help C. do some scientific research D. get married after he saw his life differently A 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中 则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。 ( ) 3. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _. A. at the age of sevenB. seven years C. in the year of 1898D. more than 80 years ago Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. “Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot,“ said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more. A 根 据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。 Sociologists(社会学家), working in western countries, have found that a large number of women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany. “Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still mens world,” said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study. Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to make money to support his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot be taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they wont be able to do what they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children. Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances. Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in “Womens Liberation(解放).” “I dont wish I were a man, ”she says, “and I dont think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating us like secondclass people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to menusually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are thereor engineers?” ( ) 1. Many men think_. A. women cant do what men can B. men have to work much harder than women C. men can make money more easily than women D. womens duty is mainly to do housework at home 1. D 这这是一道概括主旨大意的题题，答此题题的依据是 第三段内容。这这段开头头两句话说话说 的是重男，那么不言 而喻喻，家务务活和教育子女的任务应务应 有妇妇女承担；另有 一些男士则则公开反对对女士外出工作。可见见，不少男士 认为妇认为妇 女的主要职责职责 是在家料理家务务。 ( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, They say that_. A. women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they want B. women need chances to go out of the home more often C. if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of men D. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes 2. A 这是一道考查推理判断的题，一些妇女 持不同观点，文中第四段反映了他们的意见。这 也正是文章的中心思想的写作意图-争取人权 平等，妇女自由，男女平等。 ( ) 3. Anne Harper didnt wish to be a man_. A. because she believed in “Womens Liberation” B. but s