大学英语语法之基本结构.ppt

大学英语 语法与练习 College English Grammar and Exercise 基本句型 Basic Sentence Patterns nSVC (主动主补) nSV (主动) nSVO (主动宾) nSVOiOd (主动间宾直宾) nSVOCo (主动宾宾补) 主语(subject) n名词与名词词组做主语 n代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动词ING 形式、名词从句做主语 n“the+形容词/ed分词”也可作为名词词组做 主语 谓语（predicate） 动词/动词词组及其后续成分作谓语 nHis greatest pleasure is helping others(连系动词+主语补 语) nThe crowd cheered.（不及物动词） nThe burnt child fears the fire.（及物动词+宾语） nThe boy gave me a letter.（及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾 语） nI thought this action unnecessary.（及物动词+宾语+宾主 补语） nThey were sitting the fireplace.（及物动词+状语） nHe will have received the letter by now.（及物动词+宾语 +状语） SVC结构 n主语补语构成 nNecessity is the mother of invention.（名词词组） nWhos this? Its me.（代词） nOne from three is two.（数词） nThe food is sweet.（形容词） nTom is not in.（副词） nGranny is in good health.（介词短语） nMy intention was to help him.（不定式短语） nThe important thing is knowing what to do.（动词ING ） nWe are all concerned about her safety.（分词短语） nThe question under discussion now is where they should build the factory.（名词从语） SVC结构 n连系动词（Link Verb） nbecome, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 等表示“变得”，“成为”的动词； nContinue, hold, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay等表示“保持着某一状态”的动词； nAppear,look, seem等表示“看起来”，“好象” 的动词； nFeel, smell, sound, taste 等表示“实感”的动 词； EXERCISE nFill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs given: looking remain sounds became seem nWhen you listen carefully, his story _ true. nYou should dress warmly because the wether will _ cold for the next few days. nJohn thinks his new neighbours _ very pleasant. nAfter he stopped working, his physical condition _ worse. nThe student in the back row was _ sleepy. SV和SVO结构 n及物动词(transitive verb)与不及物动词 (intransitive verb) nenjoy, ignore, complete (vt.) narrive, struggle, vanish (vi.) e.g. Suddenly the processtion stopped.(SV) The police stopped the procession.(SVO) SVA与SVOA结构 nSV和SVO结构后跟有状语构成SVA与SVOA e.g. The sun has set. The sun set in the west. e.g. Has he taken a seat? Is he taking the chair out? 几个词形相似容易混淆的动词 n及物动词 nlay (laid, laid, laying) e.g. Ann laid the book on the desk. nraise(raised, raised, raising) e.g. The farmer raised the price of vegetable. nshine (shined, shined, shining) e.g. I shined my shoes yesterday. n不及物动词 nlie (lay, lain, lying) e.g. The book is lying on the desk. nrise (rose, risen, rising) e.g. Prices are rising. nshine (shone, shone, shining) e.g. I polished my shoes till they shone. EXERCISE nCircle the correct one of the two words in the brackets nThe difficulty (laid, lay) in the lack of time. nYou can sit on that big rock that is (lying, laying) on the bank over there. nWe (lay, laid) the blame on ourselves. n If her temperature (rises, raises), call the doctor. nIf the cost of living (raises, rises), the company will (raise, rise) the wages. nThe moon (shined, shone) into my room. nHe often (shines, shone) his shoes before gooing out. SVOiOd结构 nSVOiOd结构的语序 n间接宾语后移时,必须在它的前面加to, for等介词; e.g. Ann gave a beautiful doll to her daughter. Ann made a beautiful doll for her daughter. 2. 直接宾语为代词,必须紧跟在动词后面; e.g. The mother bought it for the girl. The mother bought it for her. 3. 少数动词只有一种语序 e.g. The repairman charged me ten dollars. The repairman charged ten dollars to my account. SVOCo结构 n宾语补语的构成情况 nThe team chose Tom captain. (名词) nHe proved her wrong.(形容词) nI supposed him upstairs. (副词) nThey considered her above others. (介词短语) nWe belive Tom to be a fine player. (不定式) nI found John sleeping. (ING形式) nShe thought the house deserted. (分词) n常用于SVOCo结构中的动词有: appoint, believe, call, catch, choose, consider, declare, elect, fancy, feel, find, hear, imagine, judge, keep, know, leave, make, name, need, nominated, prefer, prove, see, selct, suppose, think, vote EXERCISE nFill in each blank wil an appropriate word or pharse given below: nmedium, over, free, speechless, to be reliable, economic adviser, repaired immediately, smoking in the playground, mild nDick set the caged animals _. nThe group has appointed Mr Jones