中考英语阅读技巧解读.ppt

中考英语阅读技巧解读 南京一中 黄 侃 阅读一向被看作是中考中的“重中之重”。 它是由“完形填空、阅读短文（客观阅读题和主 观阅读题）以及首字母填空”三大“板快”组成 。阅读不仅考查学生的基础知识，同时也考查学 生综合能力。考生要想在中考英语中拿高分，阅 读是一个不可忽视的部分。 中考阅读构成 阅读须具备的能力 A、能从一般文字资料中获取主要信息和观点。 B、能利用上下文和句子结构猜测词义。 C、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。 D、能根据上下文线索推理，预测故事情节发展。 E、能利用字典等工具书和通过其他渠道查找所需 信息。 F、能根据阅读目的确定不同的阅读与表达策略。 阅读短文考查题型 A、客观阅读题 阅读短文，判断正误。（正误判断） 阅读短文，选择正确答案。（四选一） B、主观阅读题 阅读短文，根据要求完成任务。（回答问 题，英汉互译，连词成句，解释词义等） 阅读短文设题原则 问 题 推 理 主题概括词义猜测 寻找细节 简单计算 1. The main idea of this article is _. 2. This passage is mainly about _. 3. The best title for this article might be _. 4. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of this passage? 5. Whats the writers main point? 主 题 概 括 1. The word “them” in Line 3 Paragraph 1 refers to _. 2. The expression “pick up” probably means _. 3. According to the passage, what is “”? 4. By saying “Joe was at the top of the world”, the writer means that _. 5. The word “sink” in the passage means _. 词 义 猜 测 1. What does the passage say about _? 2. Whats the main idea of this passage? _ 3. The writer suggests that _. 4. Whats the writers attitude towards _? 问 题 推 理 1. From the passage we know that _. 2. Which of the following statement is true? 3. Which of the following is mentioned in the second paragraph? 4. According to the passage, we can know _. 寻 找 细 节 A、读得非常慢，非常仔细，经常回读，对所读材 料缺乏信心。 B、阅读时头随着所读文字符号左右移动，嘴唇和 舌头也跟着移动。 C、阅读时总用铅笔或手指指着书上的每一行左右 移动，似乎怕遗漏一个词。 D、边读边出声，边读边逐句翻译。 E、用同样的速度对待不同的文体。 阅读不良习惯 掌握 阅读方法 练就 阅读技巧 获取 阅读高分 提高 阅读效益 Title Add your text 提高 阅读速度 获取高分关键 阅读短文一般方法 通读：速度、 视幅、中心句 细读：分析、 猜测、推理 复读：问题、 针对、决策 快速阅读精读阅读 对策阅读 短文问题短文 问题短文问题 Passage-Question-Passage 先读文章，然后再查阅文章解答问题。其特点 是：有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度，有 利于解答全局性问题、推理判断和词义猜测等深层 次问题；但速度慢，考生不能在阅读时积极主动地 预测文章的内容，缺乏主观能动性。 阅读短文有效方法 先看问题，然后再带这着问题去阅读文章。 阅读时把注意力放在与问题直接相关的关键词语 上，一旦找到所需要的信息，就立即停止扫描式 的阅读，然后仔细地阅读相关部分后答题。其特 点是：针对性强，节省时间，可以用来解答事实 性和细节性的问题，但是对解答主旨性和推理性 的问题效果不明显。 Question-Passage-Question One day a man walked to a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “I need two small mice and about five dozen (打) roaches and two spiders (蜘蛛).” “What do you need these things for?” The shop assistant was very surprised. “Well,” replied the man, “Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Question: The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _. A. just cleaned by the landlord B. dirty and full of insects C. tidy and comfortable D. very clean 问 题 推 理 题 B 寻 找 细 节 题 Canada and the United States are two countries. They are on the same continent (大陆) next to each other and share the same language. These two countries also share on other ways. Canada buys many things from the U.S. Cars and clothes are two examples. The United States also buys things made in Canada. Much of the paper used in the United States comes from Canada. Some of the oil they use comes from Canada, too. Question: From the passage, we know that Canada is a country which produces a lot of _. A. clothes B. cars C. paper D. machines C 简 单 计 算 题 （CHINA FOOTBALL, February,3） Shanghai Shenhua Team VS Beijing Guoan Team. Time: February 8, Sunday (3:00) Place: Hongkou Stadium TICKET PRICE: RMB 25 yuan (for adults) RMB 15 yuan (for students) NAME: China Cup Football Contest COACHES: Xu Gengbao, Jin Zhiyang Question: If three adults and six students want to watch the match, the tickets will cost RMB _ yuan. A. 165 B. 135 C. 195 D. 225 A 任务型阅读解题技巧 任务型阅读要求考生在读完一篇文章后，完成不同的任 务，如：回答问题、句子排序、英汉互译、单项选择、填写 表格等。通过对近几年来中考英语分析，任务型阅读题型大 多采用填表形式。该题型往往对答案的字数有所限制，空格 里通常要求填入1个最恰当的单词，当然有时也会要求考生 填入不超过3个或4个单词，因此，同学们在答题时，不仅要 读懂文章，知道在哪里寻找答案，还要注意“言简意赅、切 中要害”，用规定的字数答出所需要点，以确保答案在拼写 、人称、单复数、时态等方面“无懈可击”。由于此题型要 求高、难度大，往往成为中考英语的拉分题。若想在中考中 获得理想的成绩，对该题型务必做到读懂文章，掌握主旨， 仔细推敲，寻找关键词，学会组织语言写出适当的词汇。 任务型阅读解题技巧 直接答案 可以在文中直接提取答案 间接答案 理解答案 文中出现，但须变换形式 用自己的语言叙述或概括 文中短语、句子或段落 南京市2010年中考英语试题 1. Friends of convenience. They can be the people who live next door or the mothers of our childrens closest friends. Friends of convenience (便利) are convenient indeed. Theyll help us when we need it. They will look after our cats when we go on holiday. But we dont ever get too close or tell too much. We keep our public face and emotional distance, which means that well talk about being overweight but not about being sad or disappointed. However, people still feel these friendships valuable to them. Types of friendsDescription of friends Friends of convenience They can be the _ or the mothers of our childrens closest friends. They can _ us when we are in need. Though we dont talk about emotional topics, this doesnt mean that there isnt any _ to be found in these friendships. 1 neighbours 2 3 help value 注意：每个空格只填1个单词 2. Special-interest friends. These friendships arent deeply personal or emotional. Their value lies in some shared interest, so we may have an office friend, a tennis friend, or even a shopping friend. Types of friendsDescription of friends Special-interest friends We usually _ some interests with our special-interest friends, so we may have an _ friend, a tennis friend, or even a shopping friend. 4 5 share office 3. Historical friends. We all have a friend who knew us when maybe we were back in the second grade of primary school, when our family lived in that two-room flat downtown. He or she was the first, the only friend we told our secrets to. The years have gone by, and we have gone different ways. We have little in common now, but we are still a personal part of each others past. We know how we looked before our teeth were straightened, and our getting together reminds us of an earlier part of ourselves, which is important and never lost. Types of friendsDescription of friends _ friends This kind of friendship was usually formed when we were children, so we know how we _ before our teeth were straightened. Although we have little in common now, our getting together can _ us of each others happy old days. 6 7 8 Historical remind looked 4. Cross-generational friends. These are friendships that form across generation (代). I have in my own life a precious (珍贵的) friend, a woman of 65, who is wise, who listens well, and who represents not only an ideal mother to me but also the person Id like to be when I grow up. Best friends, I believe, totally love, support, and trust each other. Types of friendsDescription of friends Cross-generational friends Cross-generational friends usually arent from the _ generation. A friend like this may _ an ideal mother or the person I want to be when I grow up. 9 10 same represent 答案分析： 1、neighbours: Para.2 They can be the people who live next door 2、help: Para.2 Theyll help us when we need it. 3、value: Para.2 However, people still feel these friendships valuable to them. 4、share: Para.3 Their value lies in some shared interest 5、office: Para.3 so we may have an office friend 6、Historical: Para.4 Historical friends 7、looked: Para.4We know how we looked before our teeth were straightened 8、remind: Para.4our getting together reminds us of an earlier part of ourselves 9、same: Para.5These are friendships that form across generations (代) . 10、represent: Para.5 and who represents not only an ideal mother to me 规律：任务型阅读答案一些来自于原文（help、office、historical、 looked、remind、represent），一些可以从原文中得到提示（词形变化 valuable value、shared share），还有一些需要原创（ people who live next door neighbours ） 年份直接答案间接答案理解答案 2008901 2009523 2010442 2011325 任务型阅读考察趋势(表格类) 直接答案越来越少，间接答案和理解答案将成为考 察趋势，这就是任务型阅读的魅力所在。 小结： If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you dont, you may get lost. 如果你迷路了，这就是你要做的事。Sit down and stay where you are. Dont try to find your friends- let them find you. You can help them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle (口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号) given three times- is called for help. Keep shouting or whistling. Always three times together. will; when; hear; just; you; they; fun; know; that; you; making; are; not; noise; people; a; for. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is answering a call for help. 任务型阅读(文章类) If you dont thin