[专业课]2006年三峡大学考研试题翻译理论与实践.doc

第1页共 8 页三 峡 大 学2006年研究生入学考试试题考试科目： 翻译理论与实践 （考生必须将答案写在答题纸上）I. Fill in blanks with necessary information. (20%)1. The period from “Wan Li” in Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty saw the decline of Buddhist Scripture translation, but witnessed in the history of translation the emergence of Learning-from-the-west Movement which was represented by Xu Guangqi, _, and _ who were active in introducing the western literature, philosophy and sciences to China, and it was also in this period that the famous Triple Principles in Chinas translation history, thats, _, _, and elegance began to take shape.2. As far as the translation process is concerned, a translator usually experiences several stages of activities such as _, _ and checking or correcting subsequently or simultaneously.3. If “Speech is silver, silence is golden” is translated into Chinese as “雄辩是银，沉默是金”，the main technique used in this translation is _. And if “Thats all Greek to me” as “我完全不懂那玩意儿”，the technique used is _.4. According to Eugene A. Nida, theories of translation in the western World before 1990s, if discussed in terms of certain disciplines, which have provided the basic insights to explain various aspects of translation, can be mainly divided into three branches, such as _, _, and theories based on sociosemiotics. When discussing the definition of translation, he thinks that translating consists in reproducing in the _ language the closest _equivalent of the _ language message, first in terms of _, second in terms of _. This phrase “closestnatural equivalent” actually means “dynamic equivalence”, which has triggered hot debates in the translation circle and has been revised by Nida himself later as _ equivalence at last.第 2 页5. When translating texts, translators usually come across the rendering of signs, which are, according to semiotics, made up by a sign vehicle, a represent of the sign and _. Therefore, when transferring the meaning of a sign from one language into another, translators have to deal with the three aspects of signs meaning, namely, _, _ and pragmatic meaning. On the other hand, translators have to meet the challenges from culture. Therefore, some scholars argue that an ideal translator should be a bilingual and _ person.II Choose one reasonable version for each of the following sentences and give a brief explanation either in Chinese or in English. (50%).1. Mr. Verloc took one step back and lifted his eyebrows, “What?”a. 伍洛克先生往后退了一步，抬起眉毛问道：“什么？”b. 伍洛克先生后退一步，惊讶地问：“什么？” Reasons: _2. This aircraft is small, cheap, and pilotless. a. 这种飞机小巧玲珑，价廉物美，无人驾驶。b. 这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。Reasons: _3But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense of self? a. 除此之外，那份安宁，那种对自我的感受，有岂是可以简单度量的。 b. 除此之外，你如何衡量那份宁静，仅仅靠自我的感觉吗？Reasons: _4. John is now with his parents in New York; its already three years since he was a bandmaster. a. 约翰现在和父母住在纽约，他担任乐队指挥已经有三年了。 b. 约翰现在和父母一道住在纽约，他不担任乐队指挥已三年了。 Reasons: _5. I looked out of my study windows to the low hills beyond, and the land was on a long glare, the sky was steely, and all the trees so many black and sinister shapes.a. 我从书房的窗户向远处的低山望过去， 只见地面泛着刺眼的光，天空透青如铁，周围的一切树木呈现阴森可怖之状。第 3 页 b. 我从书房的窗户向远处的低山望过去, 只见大地素白刺眼，天空凝重如铁，周围的树木呈现阴森可怖之状。 Reasons: _6. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us, and usually we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it should be true, of poetry that it should be false, of history it shall enforce our own prejudices.a. 但是很少有人会问书能给予我们什么。通常我们用模糊分散的思维去读书，认为小说应该真实，诗歌应该虚构，历史应该搀入我们的固有之见。b. 然而很少有人向书索取它能给我们的东西，我们拿起书来往往怀着模糊而有杂乱的想法，要求小说是真实的，诗歌是虚假的，史书能加强自己的先入之见。Reasons: _7. As the year declined, the soaring 6000-foot mountain spine down Italy was thickly blanketed with snow.a.日长年久，一层厚厚的白雪已覆盖在意大利南部海拔六千英尺的巍巍山脊上。b.年终将至，纵贯意大利全境，海拔六千英尺的巍巍山脊上已覆盖上了一层厚厚的白雪。Reasons: _.8. World War II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. a. 第二次世界大战比第一次世界大战要复杂的多，它是帝国主义列强之间为争夺市场,资源和领土而展开的斗争。b.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场,资源和领土的战争,而第二次世界大战比第一次要复杂的多。 Reasons: _9It was the previous Labor Prime Minister, Mr. Gough who in 1972 opened our relations with China and who, I am very pleased to say, will have an important continuing role as chairman of the Australia-China Council. a. 正是前工党总理高夫先生在1972年为我们打开了中国之门.我很高兴地告诉大家,他将作为澳中理事会主席而继续发挥作用。b. 很高兴地告诉大家，前任工党总理高夫先生在1972年与中国建立了外交关系，他将以澳中理事会主席的身份继续促进两国关系的发展。第 4 页Reasons: _10. Sometimes a person who presents himself as kind and gentle can in private turn out to be a dragon, who breathes fire. a. 有时，某人在公开场合，显得和蔼可亲，温文尔雅，而在私下场合里却像个恶神。 b. 有时，有些人在公开场合表现得和蔼可亲，恭谦尔雅，但在私下场合却像个神采飞扬的巨龙。 Reasons: _11. The professors smile suddenly disappeared as he became more and more aware of his loneliness and weakness, his powerlessness against the huge number of people out in the world against him. He could never make enough bombs to kill them all.a. 教授的笑容突然消失了，因为他越来越意识到在世界上反对他的那么多人面前自己的孤独、软弱和无力。他永远造不出足够的炸弹去把他们全杀死。b.教授的笑容突然消失，他越来越强烈意识到，世界上那么多人反对他，他是如此孤独、软弱和无能，他永远造不出足够的炸弹去把他们全杀死。Reasons: _12. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners dont play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. a. 虽然胜利者也钦佩他人、尊敬他人，但是，他们不会完全被他人所规定、所摧垮、所束缚、所吓倒。成功者不会佯装“无助”，也不会玩弄“推诱”，相反，他们承担起自己的生活责任。b. 尽管会佩服他人，但他们从不为其所羁绊。成功者不表现出无助，也不怨天尤人。相反，他们对生活尽职尽责。Reasons: _13. In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building.a. 詹姆斯费尼莫尔库柏在其经典小说拓荒者中, 记述了主人公 一位土地开发商带着表妹游览一座他将要建造的城市的情景。b. 詹姆斯费尼莫尔库柏在其经典小说先锋队中塑造了一个英雄形象，并描绘了一位土地开发商带着表妹参观自己正在修建城市的场景。第 5 页Reasons: _14. I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.a. 此时此刻我就站在第一颗原子弹爆炸的地方。就是在这里,成千上万的人在原子弹爆炸的一刹那惨遭杀害。还有成千上万的人在长期痛苦的折磨中慢慢死去。我一想到这些，心里又感到惶惶不知所措。b. 这些想法再次让我惴惴不安。现在我就站在第一颗原子弹爆炸的地方。在这里成千上万的人在瞬间惨遭杀害。还有成千上万的人在痛苦的煎熬中苟活着。Reasons: _15. O my luves a red red rose Thats newly sprung in June; O my luves like the melodie Thats sweetly played in tune. a. /吾爱吾爱红玫瑰， 六月初开韵晓风；/ 吾爱吾爱如管弦，其声悠扬而玲珑。/（郭沫若译）b. /啊，我爱人像红红的玫瑰， 它在六月里初开；/啊，我爱人像一支乐曲，美妙地演奏起来。/（袁可嘉译）Reasons: _16宗教不得干预政治。a. It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion. b. Religion must not interfere with politics. Reasons: _17. 旅游搭台，经贸唱戏a. Tourism sets up the stage and economy and trade put on the show. b. Tourism paves the way for economic and trading activities.Reasons: _ 18书店从各个出版社进书，得到的折扣从七五折到四折不等。a. The bookstore gets books from all kinds of publishing house, the discount they get vary from 75 percent to 40 percent. b. The bookstore purchases books from various publishers, which offer discounts between 25 and 60 percent. Reasons: _ 第 6 页19 在深化改革，加速经济发展的同时，我们必须努力促进廉政建设。a. While deepening reform and accelerating economic development, we should strengthen efforts to build a clean government. b. While deepening reform and accelerating the pace of economic development, we should strengthen efforts to build a clean and honest government. Reasons: _ 20. 读了那封信后，我的心兴奋得直跳。a. After reading the letter, my heart throbbed with excitement. b. After reading the letter, I felt my heart throbbing with excitement. Reasons: _21. 游人止步 （旅游观光点告示）a. Tourists, stop here!b. NO ADMITTANCE FOR TOURISTS Reasons: _22. 我公司经营各类城市绿化专用树苗几十个品种50余万株，完全能达到随到随购、顾客满意的程度。a. The companys stocks of dozens of species (a total of 500000-odd saplings) are sufficient to meet the demand of urban tree planting. b. Our company sells dozens of species (a total of 500000-odd saplings) which are for urban tree planting. Customers can come and order at any time and they will feel satisfied. Reasons: _23不一会，北风小了，路上浮尘早已洁净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。刚进S门，忽而车把上带着一个人，慢慢地倒了。（选自鲁迅一件小事）a. We are just approaching S-Gate when someone crossing the road was entangled in our rickshaw and fell slowly.b. We were just approaching S-Gate when we knocked into someone who slowly topped over. Reasons:_24 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 （ 柳宗元 江雪中的前两句）a. From hill to hill no bird in flight; From path to path no man in sight. b. These thousand peaks cut off the flight of birdsOn all the trails, human tracks are gone.第 7 页Reasons: _25 紫娟答应着，忙出来换了一个痰盆儿，将手里的这个盆儿放在桌子上，开了套间门出来，仍旧带上门，放下撒花软帘，出来叫醒雪雁。（曹雪芹红楼梦）a. Zijuan was answering and hurried out to change a spittoon and put the spittoon in her hand on the table and opened the door of innerroom to go out, still closed it, let down the flowered portiere and go to wake Xueyan. b. Zijuan, assenting, hurried out to fetch a clean spittoon, placing the used one on the table in the outer room. Having closed the door behind her, she let down the soft flowered portiere before going out to wake Xueyan. Reasons: _III Translate the essay below into Chinese. (40%) Seeing People OffMax BeerhohmI am not good at it. To do it well seems to me one of the most difficult things in the world, and probably seems so to you, too. To see a friend off from Waterloo to Vauxhall were easy enough. But we are never called on to perform that small feat. It is only when a friend is going on longish journey, and will be absent for a longish time, that we turn up at the railway station. The dearer the friend, and the longer the journey, and the longer the likely absence, the earlier do we turn up, and the more lamentably do we fail. Our failure is in exact ratio to the seriousness of the occasion, and to the depth of our feeling.In a room, or even on a doorstep, we can make the farewell quite worthily. We can express in our faces the genuine sorrow we feel. Nor do words fail us. There is no awkwardness, or restraint, on either side.The thread of our intimacy has not been snapped. The leave-taking is an ideal one. Why not, then, leave the leave-taking at that? Always, departing friends implore us not to bother to come to the railway station next morning. Always we are deaf to these entreaties, knowing them tobe not quite sincere. The departing friends would think it very odd ofus if we took them at their word. Besides, they really do want to see第 8 页us again. And that wish is heartily reciprocated. We duly turn up. And then, oh then, what a gulf yawns! We stretch our arms vainly across it. We have utterly lost touch. We have nothing at all to say. We gaze at each other as dump animals gaze human beings. We “make conversation”- and SUCH conversation! We know that these friends are the friends from whom we parted overnight. They know that we have not altered. Yet on the surface, everything is different; and the