大学实用英语B3U.ppt

Cover Practical College English Course (III) 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Contents Unit 2 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Focus 1 Section 1 :Text: The Praying Hands Background Information Warm Up Vocabulary Intensive Reading Exercises: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII Section 2: Listening and Speaking Focus 2 Section 1: Text: Profit at a Price Exercises: I , II Language Points Section 2: Practical Writing An Announcement of Getting Support for Voluntary Work Background information Focus1 Section 1 Focus 1 Section I 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Albrecht Drer was a great German artist and also one of the greatest representatives of Northern European Renaissance art. Albrecht Drer was the third son of the eighteen children of a goldsmith. As a boy, he was educated and trained in his fathers workshop learning the trade of a goldsmith and jeweler. He applied the same very careful and exacting methods required in his work to his woodcuts and engravings. Drers training also involved travel and study abroad, which widened his experience and enabled him to meet other artists Drer was also a great admirer of Leonardo da Vinci. He was deeply interested in the Italian masters studies of the human figure, and after 1506 he applied and adapted Leonardos proportions to his own figures. More than simply producing works for his own time, Drer saw his fame and contributions as enduring, and as part of history. Albrecht Drers artworks covered a wide range of subjects including religious and mythological scenes, maps and exotic animals, etc Drer published over 350 woodcuts and engravings. At least 60 of his oil paintings have survived. There are a thousand of his drawings and watercolors. Drer was a humanist and creator. Albrecht Drer (May 21, 1471April 6, 1528) Background Information Albrecht Drer Warm up Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Warm Up Focus 1 Section I There were once three little butterfly brothersone red, one white and one yellow. They played in the sunshine, and danced among the flowers in the garden and they never grew tired because they were so happy. One day there came a heavy rain and it wet their wings. They flew away home but when they got there, they found the door locked and the key gone. So they had to stay out of doors in the rain, and they grew wetter and wetter. By and by, they flew to the red and yellow striped tulip, and said, “Friend tulip. Will you open your flower-cup and let us in until the storm is over?” The tulip answered, “The red and yellow butterflies may come in because they are like me, but the white one may not enter.” But the red and yellow butterflies said, “If our white brother may not find shelter in your flower-cup, why, then, well stay outside in the rain with him.” It rained harder and harder and the poor little butterflies grew wetter and wetter, so they flew to the white lily and said, “Good lily, will you open your bud a little so we may creep in out of the rain?” The lily answered, “The white butterfly may come in because he is like me, but the red and yellow ones must stay outside in the storm.” Then the little white butterfly said, “If you wont receive my red and yellow brothers, then I will stay out in the rain with them. We would rather be wet than be parted.” So the three little butterflies flew away. But the sun, who was behind a cloud, heard it all, and he knew what good little brothers the butterflies were, and how they had held together in spite of the wet. So he pushed his face through the clouds, chased away the rain, and shone brightly on the garden. He dried the wings of the three little butterflies and warmed their bodies. They ceased to sorrow, and danced among the flowers till evening, then they flew away home, and found the door wide open. The Three Butterfly Brothers The morale of the story: the love among the three butterfly brothers symbolizes the spirit of fraternity of human beings. What do you think the author of the story is trying to tell us? Vocabulary Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Vocabulary Please go over the key words and expressions of the text before reading Focus 1 Section I 祈 祷 之 手 下面这则感人的故 事是有关丢勒广为人 知的画作祈祷之手 的。 故事讲述丢勒的哥 哥靠在矿井工作来资 助他受教育，为了表达 对哥哥的感激之情， 丢勒创作了这幅作品 。 Intensive Reading-Para 1-2 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 1 Below is a touching story about Drers Praying Hands that is widely known. 2 It tells of Drer doing his creation in appreciation of a brother who went to work in the mines to support Albrechts education. Intensive ReadingThe Praying Hands Focus 1 Section I tell of: to describe the details of an event or person 叙述，描述 e.g. (1) The poem tells of their heroic spirits in fighting against the invaders. 这首诗叙述了他们反抗侵略者的英 雄主义精神。 (2) He told us of his extraordinary childhood. 他向我们描述了他不同寻 常的童年。 in appreciation of: out of recognition or gratitude 为 表示感谢，因赞赏而 e.g. (1) He was presented with a watch in appreciation of his long service. 人们送他一只表以示对他多年工 作的感谢。 (2) I am in sincere appreciation of your efforts. 我对你 的努力表示真诚的感激。 appreciation 由动词appreciate 加后缀-tion转变而来。 appreciate意为“to be grateful for sth. that sb. has done 为表示感激；重视；欣赏；领会，充分意识到” 。 e.g. Id appreciate it if you let me get on with my job. 如果您能让我继续工作，我将十分感激。 Intensive Reading-Para3 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Intensive Reading 3 Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg lived a family with eighteen children. Eighteen! In order merely to keep food on the table for this large group, the father and head of the household, a goldsmith by profession, worked almost eighteen hours a day at his trade and any other paying job he could find in the neighborhood. Despite their seemingly hopeless condition, two of Albrecht Drer the Elders children had a dream. They both wanted to pursue their talent for art, but they knew full well that their father would never be financially able to send either of them to Nuremberg to study at an art college. 故事要追溯到15世纪，在德国纽伦堡附近 的一个小村子里住着一户人家，他们有18个 孩子。18个孩子啊！仅仅为了让这一大家子 人有口饭吃，作为一家之主的父亲一个金 匠，除了做本行外还拼命在附近找零活儿干， 每天差不多要干上18个小时。尽管他们的境 况似乎看不到希望，但老阿尔布雷特丢勒的 两个孩子却拥有一个梦想：他们都想发展自己 的美术天赋。但他们也非常清楚，父亲在经济 上无法供他俩中的任何一个到纽伦堡读艺术学 院。 Focus 1 Section I Questions About Para. 3 “the father and head of the household, a goldsmith by profession” 整个部分指父亲一 个人。当两个名词用and连接并共用一个冠 词时，指的是同一个人或物，或整体的同 一部分。 e.g. He is the teacher and headmaster of the school. 他是这所学校的校长兼老师。 head 是人体的一部分，这里用来指一家之 主这种修辞手法称为提喻（synecdoche） ，常用人或物体的一部分指代人或物体的 全部。 e.g. (1) They were short of hands at harvest time. 收获季节他们缺少劳力。（这里用 hands表示劳动力。） (2) I will count three hundred thats five minutes and none of you is to move a muscle. 我数300下也就是5分钟你 们谁都不许动一下。（这里用a muscle表示 人的整个身体。） by profession: in respect of profession 职业是，就职业来说 e.g. (1) He is a grocer by profession. 他 的职业是杂货商。 (2) They are both teachers by profession. 他俩人的职业都是教师。 trade: n. C, U a particular type of business 职业，行业；贸易，商业，交易，交换 e.g. (1) He works in the food trade. 他做食品 工作。 (2) There has been a marked increase in trade between China and U.S.A. 中美贸易已有了 显著的增长。 trade 还可用作动词，意为“to buy and sell goods, services, etc. 进行交易，做买卖，交 换”。 e.g. (1) The company trades in silk, tea, and other items. 这个公司做丝绸、茶叶和其他 一些货物的买卖。 Intensive Reading-Para3 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Intensive Reading Focus 1 Section I Questions About Para. 3 (1) When and where did the story take place? (2) How many children were there in the family? (3) What was their father? (4) What was the dream of the two children of the Drer family? (5) Why could their father never be able to send them to an art college? It took place in the fifteenth century in a tiny village near Nuremberg. There were eighteen children. Their father was a goldsmith by profession. Their dream was to pursue their talent for art. Because their father could merely keep food on the table for this large family even he worked almost eighteen hours a day at his trade and any other paying job he could find in the neighborhood. Intensive Reading-Para 4 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Intensive Reading 4 After many long discussions at night in their crowded bed, the two boys finally worked out a sensible plan. They would toss a coin. The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother while he attended the art college. Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the college, either with sales of his artwork or, if necessary, also by laboring in the mines. Questions About Para. 4 (6) How did they work out a plan? (7) What was the plan? 晚上，兄弟俩在拥挤的床上经过多次长时间 的讨论后，终于想出了双方都认为合理的方案： 以掷硬币决定。输了的人到附近的矿井工作，用 挣得的钱资助赢者到艺术学院读书。赢了的人完 成4年的学业后，再靠卖画或在矿井工作来资助 对方到艺术学院读书。 Focus 1 Section I They worked out a plan after many long discussions at night in their crowded bed. They would toss a coin. The loser would go down into the nearby mines and with his earnings, support his brother while he attended the art college. Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the college, either with sales of his artwork or, if necessary, also by laboring in the mines. work out: to think carefully about how you are going to do sth. and plan a good way of doing it想出，制定出； 使问题解决；计算出 e.g. We need to work out how were going to get there. 我们得考虑好我们 怎么到达那儿。 sensible: a. reasonable, practical, and showing good judgment 合情合理的， 明智的 e.g. (1) I think that is a very sensible idea. 我认为那是个很合理的想法。 (2) Its sensible to keep a note of your passport number. 把你的护照号码记 下来是明智的。 labor: vi. to do hard physical work 干苦力 活；努力做（困难的事） e.g. (1) She labored all day at the construction site. 她在建筑工地上辛勤地干 了一整天。 (2) I labored through the text with a dictionary. 我借助一本字典吃力地读完了 这篇课文。 labor还可用作名词，意为“work, especially physical work劳动，努力；劳工，工人”。 e.g. (1) In some countries children are doing dangerous manual labor. 在有些国家，儿童 们从事着危险的体力劳动。 Intensive Reading-Para5 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Intensive Reading 5 They tossed a coin on a Sunday morning after church. Albrecht Drer won the toss and went off to Nuremberg. Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, financed his brother, whose work at the art college was almost an immediate success. Albrechts woodcuts and his oils were far better than those of most of his professors, and by the time he graduated, he was beginning to earn considerable fees for his commissioned works. 星期日早上做完礼拜后他们掷了硬币，弟弟 阿尔布雷特丢勒胜出，去了纽伦堡。哥哥艾伯特 则去了危险的矿井工作，在接下来的4年里一直 为弟弟提供经济资助。阿尔布雷特在艺术学院很 快就取得优异成绩，他的木刻画和油画比大多数 教授的都要好很多。到毕业时，他已经开始靠委 托创作赚得可观的酬金了。 Focus 1 Section I Question About Para. 5 (8) What did the two brothers do in the next four years? Albrecht Drer pursued his talent for art at the art college in Nuremberg while Albert went down into the dangerous mines and financed his brother. considerable: a. fairly large or of noticeable importance相当大的；值得考虑的 e.g. (1) The fire caused considerable damage to the spacecraft. 大火对航天飞机造成了相 当严重的损坏。 (2) The ship still has a considerable distance from its berth. 这艘船离它的停泊处还有相 当长的一段距离。 commission: vt. to officially ask sb. to write, make or create sth. or to do a task for you 正式委托（谱 写或制作、创作、完成）；任命为军官 e.g. (1) He was commissioned to do a series of drawings. 他受委托作一系列画作。 (2) The ambassador was commissioned to negotiate with the representative of the new government. 大使被委托与新政府的代表谈判。 commission还可作名词，意为“a request for an artist, designer, or musician to make a piece of art or music, for which they are paid授权，委托；佣 金，回扣；委员会”。 e.g. (1) They have been given a commission to design the new building. 他们受委托设计这幢新大厦。 (2) The dealer takes a 20% commission on the sales he makes. 这位商人从他的销售中抽取20%的佣金。 Intensive Reading-Para 6 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Intensive Reading 6 Now the young artist returned to his village, ready to relieve his brother of the hard labor in the mines. The Drer family held a festive banquet outside to celebrate Albrechts happy homecoming. After a long and memorable meal, filled with music and laughter, Albrecht rose from his honored position at the head of the table to drink a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled Albrecht to fulfill his ambition. His closing words, highlighting his gratitude, were, “And now, Albert, wonderful brother of mine, now it is your turn. Now you can go to Nuremberg to pursue your dream, and I will pay for all your expenditures.” 现在这位年轻的艺术家返回了家乡，准备将他 的哥哥从矿井里繁重的劳动中解脱出来。丢勒全家 人在外面举办了一场欢宴，庆祝他的成功归来。经 久难忘的宴席充满着音乐和笑声。宴会快结束时， 阿尔布雷特从餐桌主席这一荣誉席位上站起来向他 亲爱的哥哥敬酒，是他这几年所作的牺牲才使阿尔 布雷特实现了自己的抱负。他的结束语强调了他的 感激之情：“艾伯特，我亲爱的好哥哥，现在轮到 你到纽伦堡去实现你的梦想了！我将支付你的一切 费用。” Focus 1 Section I Questions About Para. 6 (9) What was Albrecht ready to do after his graduation? (10) What would Albrecht Drer do in return for the sacrifices his brother had made for him? Albrecht was ready to relieve his brother Albert of the hard labor in the mines. He would provide all the money needed to enable his wonderful brother to go to Nuremberg to pursue his own dream. 形容词短语ready to relieve his bother of the hard labor in the mines是returned to his village 的伴随状语。 relieve: vt. to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain解除，减轻；援救，救济 e.g. (1) Drugs helped to relieve the pain. 药物帮 助缓解疼痛。 (2) Volunteers were recruited to relieve the acute labor shortage. 志愿者被招募来缓解严重 的劳动力短缺。 relieve sb. of: to help sb. by taking sth. heavy or difficult from them解除，减轻某人的负担 e.g. (1) The doctors explanation relieved me of my fears. 医生的解释消除了我的担忧。 (2) A secretary was hired to relieve her of some of the administrative work. 新雇了一名秘 书来为她分担一些行政工作。 toast: n. C 祝酒，祝酒辞 e.g. Id like to propose a toast to the bride and groom. 我建议为新郎新娘祝酒。 toast也可作动词，意为“to drink a glass of wine, etc. to thank someone, wish someone luck, or celebrate something（向）祝酒；烘， 烤”。 e.g. They raised their glasses and toasted each others health. 他们举杯互祝身体健康。 sacrifice: n. U, C 牺牲；舍弃 e.g. The economic sacrifice is necessary sometimes. 有时在经济上做出牺牲是必要的。 enable: vt. to make it possible for sb. to do sth., or for sth. to happen 使能够，使可能 e.g. There are plans to develop new techniques to enable the satellite to continue traveling in its correct orbit. 正在计划开发能使这颗卫星继续沿 着正确轨道飞行的新技术。 fulfill: vt. 实现，履行；满足，使满意 e.g. (1) It was then that the family finally began to fulfill their hope of immigrating into Australia. 就 在那时，这家人终于开始实现他们移民澳大利 亚的愿望了。 (2) He fulfilled a trade mission to China very well. 他出色地完成了这次赴华贸易任务。 (3) I need a job that really fulfills me. 我需要一份 真正使我满意的工作。 highlight: vt. to attract attention to or emphasize sth. important强调；以强烈光线照射 e.g. (1) The memorandum highlights the need for reducing nuclear weapons. 这份备忘录强调了 减少核武器的必要性。 (2) The light above the actress was turned on to highlight her face. 女演员上方的灯被打开以 照亮她的脸。 highlight也可用作名词，意为“the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of something such as a holiday, performance, or sports competition, etc. 最重要的部分；最明亮 的部分”。 e.g. (1) The highlights of the match will be shown on TV tonight. 比赛最精彩的场面将在 今晚的电视节目中播放。 (2) That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight of our trip. 在威尼斯度过的那个 周末无疑是我们这次旅行最愉快的时光。 gratitude: n. U the feeling of being thankful 感激，感谢 e.g. (1) The committee expressed its gratitude for the contribution he had made. 委员会对他做出的贡献 表示感谢。 (2) She expressed a deep gratitude towards the embassy for saving her child. 她对救了她孩子 的大使馆表达了深深的谢意。 expenditure: n. C, U the total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends费用；消费 e.g. (1) The total expenditures of the presidential election are not confidential. 总 统选举的全部费用是不保密的。 (2) The total cost of the project includes postage expenditure. 这个项目的 总成本包括邮费。 Intensive Reading-Para 7-8 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Intensive Reading 7 All heads turned in eager expectation to the far end of the table where Albert sat, tears streaming down his pale face, shaking his lowered head from side to side while he repeated, over and over, “No.no.no.no.” 8 Finally, Albert rose and wiped the tears from his cheeks. He glanced down the long table at the faces he loved, and then, holding his hands close to his right cheek, he expressed his inner feelings softly and sincerely, “No, brother. I cannot go to Nuremberg. It is too late for me. Look.look what four years in the mines have done to my hands! The bones in every finger have been smashed at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less make delicate lines on canvas with a pen or a brush. No, brother.for me it is too late.” 所有人都转过头，热切、期待地朝桌子的另 一端望去。艾伯特坐在那里，泪水从他苍白的 脸上流淌下来，他一边摇着低垂的头，一边反 复地说：“不不不不。” 终于，艾伯特站了起来，他擦去脸上的泪水 。他看了看长桌两边他所爱的亲友们的脸，然 后握着双手移近右脸颊，真诚而又温和地说出 了心里话：“不，弟弟，我去不了纽伦堡了。太 迟了。瞧，瞧瞧4年的矿井工作把我的双手变成 了什么样子。我每根手指的骨头都至少被砸碎 过一次，近来我的右手又得了严重的关节炎， 连举杯回敬你的祝酒都做不到，更不用说用钢 笔或画笔在画布上画精致的线条了。不能了， 弟弟已经太迟了。” Focus 1 Section I Question About Paras. 7-8 (11) How did Albert respond to Albrechts grateful offer? Albert refused and showed his worn and beaten hands. 本句中where 引导的定语从句的先行词是 the far end of the table。tears streaming down his pale face是分词独立结构，充当 Albert sat的伴随状语。shaking his lowered head from side to side充当while he repeated, over and over, “No.no.no.no.” 的伴随状语。 inner: a. inside ones heart or mind内 心的；内部的，里面的 e.g. (1) She never shared her inner thoughts with anyone else. 她从来不 让别人知道她内心的想法。 (2) The inner wrapping of the products will be improved. 产品的内包装将被 改进。 suffer from: to have pain or bad health because of (a disease) 受痛苦，患病 ；遭受困难，受损害 e.g. (1) How long has the child been suffering from stomachache? 这孩子 胃痛多久了？ (2) Our business has suffered from lack of investment. 我们的企业遭受 缺乏投资的困境。 much less: used to say that one thing is even less true, possible, etc. than another 更不用说，更何况 e.g. (1) He can hardly afford a new bike, much less a new car. 他连一辆新自行车 都买不起，更不用说买一辆新汽车了。 (2) She wouldnt take a drink, much less stay for dinner. 她水都不愿喝，更别 提留下吃饭了。 注意：该短语常用在否定句的后面。 Intensive Reading-Para 9 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社美心英语 Intensive Reading 9 More than 450 years have passed. By now, Albrecht Drers hundreds of masterful pictures, pen and silverpoi