人教版高中英语必修5Unit 1全单元课件.ppt

geologist 地质学家 geographer 地理学家 mathematician 数学家 physicist 物理学家 chemist 化学家 agriculturist 农学家 astronomer 天文学家 botanist 植物学家 biologist 生物学家 inventor 发明家 Scientist: New words (1) Warming up Text study New words (2) Learning about Language Using language Workbook 1. Can you name some famous scientists? NewtonGalileo EdisonWatt Curie Bell Franklin Einstein NobelFlamingHawking Joule 杨振宁李政道 丁肇中 李远哲朱棣文崔 琦 王 选袁隆平 钱学森 陈景润 2. Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most. 1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician for example, make a mistake instead of to mistake. Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make+a+noun. Add one more of your own. to suggestto decide to planto contribute to speakto be noisy to changeto describe to investigate make a suggestion make a plan make a speech make a change make an investigation make a decision make a contribution make a noise make a description to choose make a choice Grammar 过去分词作定语和表语 . 过去分词作定语 1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的 名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般要后置 。 two married women a found umbrella a used stamp fallen leaves a novel written by Jim the letter sent to our boss 2. 过去分词具有被动或完成的含义。 Whats the language spoken in Germany? They decided to rebuild the damaged bridge. 3. 过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个定语从句。 He is fond of the food cooked (=which had been cooked) by your mother. The report is the best of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 4. 有时通过一个形容词或数词加另一名词的-ed 形式构成复合形容词。 a three-legged desk a one-eyed dog an honest-faced man a warm-hearted lady a）用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动 词，带有被动意义和完成意义。 例如： We like skating in the frozen lake in the winter. =We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter. How many finished products have you got up to now? =How many products that have been finished have you got up to now? 来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前 置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时 仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如： a retired worker=a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped a faded / withered flower=a flower that has faded / withered fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen the risen sun=the sun that has just risen a returned student=a student who has returned vanished treasure=treasure that has vanished b) 用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动 词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词 相当于一个定语从句。 例如： Things seen are better than things heard. =Things which are seen are better than things which are heard. The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious. =The lobster which was broiled over charcoal was delicious. . 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态 。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词；不 及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表 示位置转移的动词，如go, come, assemble等， 它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被 动意义。例如： The man looked quite disappointed. He is greatly discouraged by her refusal. His hair is nearly all gone. 已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语， 常见的有accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested, lost, satisfied, surprised, worried等。 Discovering useful structures Ex.2 Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning. Past Participle as the Attribute (1) Past Participle as the Attribute (2) 1 terrified people1 people terrified of (cholera) 2 reserved seats2 3 polluted water3 4 a crowded room4 5 a pleased winner 5 seats reserved by water polluted by a room crowded with a winner pleased with Past Participle as the Attribute (1) Past Participle as the Attribute (2) 66 children astonished at/by 77 a vase broken by 88 a door closed by 99 the audience tired of 1010 an animal trapped in/by astonished children a broken vase a closed door the tired audience a trapped animal Ex.3 Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative. 1.He got _ about losing the money. 2.The painter looked so _ after working for a whole day. 3.I was _ with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 4.Everybody was _ to hear of the death of the famous film star. 5.Everybody is really _ about the new Olympic stadiums. 6.His wound became _ with a new virus. blamed/upset tired disappointed shocked/depressed excited infected Using Language COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORY 1. At Copernicus time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries. T Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false. 3. Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. 4. His friends were not interested in his ideas. T F 2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth. F 5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. 6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. F T Use the reading passage to help you draw the two theories of the universe. Before Copernicus theory Showing Copernicus theory A diagram showing the solar system with the Earth at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with the Sun at its centre COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORY 哥白尼的革命性理论 尼古拉哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然 他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的 数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是 太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置 上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。他 的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只 暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教会 势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正 因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要 成为太阳系的中心。 这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发 现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然 后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时 亮些，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的 中心，而所有行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这 种现象就很奇怪了。 哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久， 试图找出问题的答案。他曾经收集过观察星球 的数据，并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这 些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。 于是，他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究， 逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。 1514年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋 友们看。他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星 则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。 他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还 自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及 星球亮度问题。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他 的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎，他不想遭 到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之 前才公布了这一观点。 当然，他小心谨慎是对的。基督教会拒 绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的 旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。 然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立 的基础。他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引 力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因 为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心 。哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可 以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克牛顿、阿尔 伯特爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬霍金等人的研究 都有着直接的联系。 workbook Using words and expressions Using structures Reading task USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS Ex.1 This is a report on living conditions in England in the nineteenth century. Choose the proper word in its correct form to put into the text. instruct neighbourhood pollute defeat handle suspect blame severe clue linkto draw the conclusion cure Educated people in the twenty-first century may find it hard to believe that two hundred years ago people did not _ illness _ problems in the environment. We all know that in London drinking _ water caused many deaths from cholera. There was a _ to its cause because it always started in the poor _. Then it spread to the richer areas as the servants passed it on. Many doctors _ that polluted water was to _ and clean water was the _. John Snows investigation proved that the dirtier the water, the more _ the illness. So the government and the doctors _ that water must be purified(净化). They _ people to remove the _ from pumps if the water was infected. Thus cholera was _ in the end. linkto polluted clue neighbourhoods suspected blamecure severe drew the conclusion instructedhandles defeated Ex.2 Look at the dictionary entry for the verb expose and match the meanings with the sentences on the right. Write the correct numbers in brackets. ( ) When he lifted his shirt he exposed his strong athletic chest. ( ) Li Hui was exposed to cholera but luckily she did not become ill. ( ) You cannot expose undeveloped film to light. 1 2 5 ( ) I was afraid to expose my true feelings in case he laughed at me. ( ) The human rights lawyer spent his career exposing injustice in society. ( ) I was never exposed to ballet until I was sixteen. ( ) Mushrooms do not grow well if exposed to light. 6 3 4 1 Ex.3 Translate these sentences into English, using the words and phrases in brackets. 1. 除了去公园之外，我的活动范围仅限于邻近地区。 Apart from going to the park, I limit my movements to my neighbourhood. 2. 没有足够的证据很难作出结论。 It is difficult to draw a conclusion without enough evidence. 3. 这些科学的探寻将有助于我们项目的成功。 These scientific enquiries will contribute to the success of our project. 4. 居斯特夫埃菲尔对他修建铁塔的计划满怀热情，而这 座塔使他闻名于世。 Gustave Eiffel was very enthusiastic about his plan to construct the iron tower, which made him world-famous. 5. 他常提出些不同寻常的计划。你在加入之前要慎重对待 。 He often puts forward unusual plans. So be cautious about them before you decide to join in. 6. 谁是第一个反对“地心说”的人？ Who was the first person to reject the idea that the earth was the centre of the universe? 7. 虽然他的写作没什么意思，但弗雷德还是确信自己的作 文会得高分。 Although his writing doesnt make sense, Fred is positive that his composition will score a high mark. USING STRUCTURES Ex.1 Choose appropriate verbs to complete the following sentences, using the past participle. Explain the use of the past participle in each sentence. worry interest arrive frighten prepare continue concern 1.They were _ to accept my idea. 2.Ill be _ to know how they made the wonderful fireworks. 3.The mayor said that he was _ about the _ rise of the water level in the river bed. 4.Recently _ soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood. 5.Most of the newspaper seems to be _ with pop stars. 6.He was _ of going alone into the empty house. prepared interested worried continued arrived concerned frightened Ex.2 Rewrite each pair of sentences as one, using the past participle as the attribute or predicative. 1. I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces. I found this broken plate on the floor. 2. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man. His name is Xiao Ming. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming. 3. I looked at that modern abstract painting. It was coloured in yellows and greens. I looked at that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens. 4. Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the Internet. It was the one I expected. Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question on the Internet. 5. She is one of my friends. She is devoted to my interests. She is my friend devoted to my interests. 6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles. They were marked in green ink. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles marked in green ink. 7. We saw many windows in that room. They were all cracked. We saw many cracked windows in the room. Reading task on P44 How many bridges could Euler cross without going across any of them twice? Six How did he try to solve the puzzle? What is an “odd” point? Ex.1 Fill in the chart after reading the text. By turning the map into a diagram. One which has an odd number of lines going to it. How many odd points are there in Fig 2 on page 45? How many odd points are there in Fig 4 on page 45? What is Eulers rule? Did his rule work with Figs 2 and 4? If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice. Four. Two. Yes. Whats Eulers puzzle? Koningsberg is an