工业工程外文翻译--装配线平衡问题的求解方法浅析.doc

毕业设计(论文)英文翻译 学生姓名： 蒋伟伟 学 号： 2203080128 所在学院： 经济与管理学院 专 业： 工业工程 设计(论文)题目：好孩子推车事业部总装线生产线优化设计 指导教师： 蒋南云 2012年4月25号The Methods for Solving the Problem of Balancing an Assembly LineCurrently, along with the market changing, some forerunners production mode got an extensive application in the manufacturing industry. How raise a whole efficiency of assembling the production line, reduce a work preface in the ware, and pursue to synchronize production is valued by more and more people. The production of manufacturing industry is most likely after carrying on subdividing to turn of have another a work preface flowing water to turn a continuous homework production line, at this time because of division of homework, the time of each work preface operates cant completely the same in theoretically and physically, this phenomenon that certainly will lead to a work preface homework burden unbalance. In addition to losing, result in the meaningless man-hour also result in a great deal of work preface pile up, sometimes will result in the abeyance of production line. Assembly line balance is a kind of means and method for resolving an above-mentioned problem, it is to make all work carry on equally, carrying on a research to the homework, carrying on a measurement to time, making the Assembly line moving smoothly.The assemble is the last link of production, assembling process mainly with the gearing of parts, tightly solid in lord; secondly allied connect, press to pack and add to note various work to lie quality and quality examination of work preface, sometimes still want to choose to pack according to the customer intention. The whole assemble homework is complicated, belonging to a labor an intensive type engineering. Therefore, the balance of exaltation assembly line has important realistic meaning to exaltations production efficiency of the car assembly line. The assembly line equilibrium problem is the long-lost type of a type of typical model the combination is excellent to turn a problem, particularly is for random, many the assembly line equilibrium problem of target, solve to the satisfaction seldom more on a certain degree. Mainly is divided into the following 3 aspects to the research of assembly line equilibrium problem currently: Give the rhythm of the assembly line certainly beg minimum work station number, usually in the assembly line of design and install the stage carry on; The minimum work station given to settle assembly line number, make the rhythm of assembly line minimum, to already exist of the production line carry on adjust excellent turn; Get in work station number and rhythm of assembly line excellent turn under certain condition, all sparse assemble the burden of on-line work station, give the staff member a kind of fair feeling. Because the balance of assembly line always long-lost type of the combination problem, we looking for the superior solution more difficult, so adopted a suitable method to resolve the assembly line equilibrium problem to cause the extensive concern of each business enterprise field and academic circles. A few typical models of water line equilibrium problem of this text aim convection solve a method to carry on more analytical; putting forward resolving that problem can go a method.The assembly line equilibrium problem is a typical NP-hard to crack, currently, the method which solves this kind of problem can return to knot to 3: Inspire type method, superior turn method (mathematics model method) with industrial engineering method.Superior turn method is the superior solution that passes establishment mathematics model to look for a problem. Though the mathematics model method can find out the superior solution, the physically applied hour is very tedious; Usually a pimping problem model that need to be constructed very big, the calculator consumes hour also more. Below I will make analysis use linear programming method and dynamic state program method.The linear programming (Linear Programming, brief name LP) problem is a target function peace treatys tying conditions are the all lines and superior to turn a problem. The line programming is the superior to turn one of the important categories in the problem realm, making use of the line programming method to solve an ALB problem is in 60s in 20 centuries waited for someone by Bowman EH to put forward, its stipulation condition and target function establishment easy, but the operation measure very greatly, with actual the circumstance differ more and far. After some scholars taking into this calculate way to improve, but operating quantities are bigger. Because the programming model method of the usage line solves operation quantity very greatly, the line equilibrium problem that can solve the piece less of the homework chemical element, with actual the circumstance differ very big, for this reason method the result obtained isnt very ideal in physically the application.The dynamic plan (dynamic programming) the algorithm is one commonly used method that solves the multi- stages decision-making process optimization question; it is very difficult and skillful. The dynamic plan realization is not certainly complex, is suitable for many questions, when solution general question is one of we first choice algorithms. But, the dynamic plan mathematical model establishment is not an easy matter, most difficult also most importantly condition expression. The dynamic plan condition expressed the description sub-question must satisfy the most superior child constitutive property, otherwise unable to establish the correct dynamic plan model. Solves the problem when the application dynamic plan method, should first estimate the question the time, the space, if the question has the dimension barrier, then the dynamic plan condition expressed very difficult to satisfy the comparatively large-scale question the spatial request. We must seek the alternative means in addition. The dynamic plan law utilizes to when solving the ALB problem, its condition expression with various workstations work element process period related, often when determination dynamic upper boundary must affect a smaller condition to the system to carry on the deletion, thus achieved reduces the operand the goal.The heuristic method by its simple, easy to understand, was fast and has satisfied won the multitudinous administrative personnels trust and the welcome, and is widely applied to each domain. Its production mainly is for overcome the realistic modeling the difficulty, provides one kind of more effective policy-making tool Compares with the optimized method, the heuristic method merit mainly has: The logical model approaches to the reality, the flow chart establishment in the foundation which the policy-maker experiences, therefore the heuristic method is concealing the multi- goals plan; Its main limitation is its static state, namely in the balance process, the fixed criterion determines first the criterion in advance, but from product processing process!、the market demand and the company strategy looked that, the environment is the dynamic change.The heredity algorithm (genetic algorithms, was called GA) is J. Holland was proposed in 1975 the biological theory of evolution inspiration. GA is based on the survival of the fittest one kind highly parallel, stochastic and the auto-adapted optimized algorithm, he expressed the question solution chromosome survival of the fittest process, through the group generation of unceasingly evolves, including duplication, overlapping and operation and so on variation, finally restrains to the individual which most adapts to circumstances or environment, thus obtains the question the optimal solution or the satisfactory solution. Compares with the traditional optimization method, the heredity algorithm merit is: Community search; Does not need the derivative of the objective function; Probability shift criterion. In recent years, because the heredity algorithm solved the complex optimized question the huge potential and its in the industrial engineering domain success application, this algorithm obtained the widespread attention. The heredity algorithm often appears in the actual application precociously restrains and restrains the performance inferior shortcoming, the nowadays some improvement methods mostly is aims at the gene operation, populations macroscopic operation, carries on based on the knowledge operation and parallel GA. Person and so on Wang Yunfeng utilizes the blending in heritance algorithm solution assembly line balance question, this algorithm the heuristic rule, the heredity algorithm, the simulation Anneal Arithmetic algorithm synthesizes in together, both has used the heuristic rule based on the experience superiority, may enhance the algorithm the speed, and may cause the heredity algorithm and the simulation Anneal Arithmetic algorithm superiority supplementary, effectively has solved the assembly line balanced problem.The industrial engineering (Industrial Engineering, is called IE) the thought most early is proposes father of Taylor by scientific management in the beginning of 20th century, it is the integrated system which by the person, the material, the equipment or the facility, the energy and the information composes for the main research object, synthesis application project technology, management science and social sciences knowledge and so on theory method, enable sit to achieve reduces the cost, improves the quality and the benefit goal, simultaneously provides the policy-making basis for the scientific management. Mainly is the method research and the work determines two big technologies by the industrial engineering primarily production line balance correlation technology, utilizes this technical the merit is causes the enterprise in not to invest or in the few investments situation, does not increase the worker labor intensity even reduces the labor intensity, through implements a series of suits own characteristic improvement method, to the production process operational procedure, the operation method, the MOD method, the material disposition, the spatial layout and the work environment and so on various aspects carries on the improvement, achieved the enterprise balance production line then enhancement productivity, obtains the economic efficiency the goal. The improvement is the enterprise eternal subject, but the industrial engineering pursues the goal will be forever the without limits improvement, the utilization correlation technology is balanced to the production line, will reduce the consumption for the enterprise, will enhance the productivity. In recent 20 years, the industry inside and outside environment had the very big change, the knowledge economy time was arriving, the production line balance method system also will have the new characteristic and the research direction, met the need which under the new environment the economy grew. In addition also has correlation method and so on arrangement of equipment also may suitably enhance the equilibrium ratios of the production line, brings the bigger economic efficiency for the enterprise, waits for we to continue to make the further ponder and the research.The assembly line balance question has experienced from the optimize algorithm to the heuristic algorithm, until modern artificial intelligence method and industrial engineering method process. This article in view of the linear programming law, the dynamic plan algorithm, the heredity algorithm and the industrial engineering method these four solutions assembly line balance question typical method has separately made the brief analysis, has pointed out each algorithm good and bad points and the application situation. The assembly line balance question is a kind of typical separate combination optimization question, regarding is in particular stochastic, the multi- goals assembly line balance question, uses the appropriate method in some kind of degree all to be able to obtain the satisfactory solution. While which solves using the optimized method, nearly all used the simulation technology, along with the computer technology development, carries on two times of developments in the present existing software package foundation, established the visible hypothesized simulation assembly system, realized the assembly line dynamical equilibrium effect, will be worth further studying and the discussion. At present, the assembly line balance question mostly concentrates in the discussion single scroll assembly line time balanced question, along with the fast changeable market and customers diverse demand, will enhance the assembly line the overall efficiency to be able to be the focal point which the enterprise and various academic circles will pay attention, whether considered the region balance as well as the line and the space balanced question will wait for further studies and the ponder.装配线平衡问题的求解方法浅析目前，随着快速多变的市场需求，一些先进的生产模式在制造业得到了广泛的应用。如何提高装配生产线的整体效率，减少工序间的在制品，以及追求同步化生产越来越受到人们的重视。制造业的生产多半是在进行细分化之后的多工序、流水化、连续作业生产线，此时由于分工作业，各工序的作业时间在理论上、实际操作上都不能完全相同，这就势必存在工序间作业负荷不均的现象。除了造成无谓的工时损失外，还造成大量的工序堆积，严重时会造成生产线的中止。装配线平衡(Assembly Line Balancing，简称ALB)就是为了解决上述问题而提出的一种手段与方法，它对各工序的作业时间进行平均化，同时对作业进行研究，对时间进行测定，使装配生产线顺畅连动。装配是生产的最后一个环节，装配过程主要是以零部件的安装、紧固为主；其次是联接、压装和加注各种工作介质以及质量检测的工序，有时还要根据用户意向选装。整个装配作业繁杂，属劳动密集型工程。因此，提高装配线的平衡对于提高汽车装配线的生产效率有着重要的现实意义。装配线平衡问题是一类典型的离散型组合优化问题，尤其是对于随机的、多目标的装配线平衡问题，在某种程度上较难得到满意解。目前，对于装配线平衡问题的研究主要分为以下3个方面：给定装配线的节拍，求最小工作站数，通常在装配线的设计与安装阶段进行；给定装配线的最小工作站数，使装配线的节拍最小，对已存在的生产线进行调整优化；在装配线的工作站数和节拍得到优化确定的条件下，均稀装配线上工作站的负荷，给工作人员一种公平感。由于装配线的平衡总是离散型组合优化问题，寻求最优解比较困难，故采取合适的方法解决装配线平衡问题引起了各企业界和学术界的广泛关注。本文旨对流水线平衡问题的几种典型求解方法进行比较分析，提出解决该问题可行方法。装配线平衡问题是典型的NP-hard难题，目前，求解此类问题的方法可归结为3种类型：启发式方法、最优化方法(数学模型法)和工业工程方法。最优化方法就是通过建立数学模型来寻找问题的最优解。尽管数学模型法能找到最优解，但实际应用时十分繁琐；往往一个很小的问题需要构造的模型非常大，计算机耗时也较多。下面分别就线性规划法和动态规划法作一简述与分析。线性规划(Linear Programming，简称LP)问题是目标函数和约束条件都是线性的最优化问题。线性规划是最优化问题领域中重要的范畴之一，利用线性规划方法求解ALB问题是在20世纪60年代由Bowman EH等人提出，其约束条件和目标函数建立容易，但运算量很大，与实际情况相差比较远。之后一些学者将此算法加以改进，但运算量也比较大。由于运用线性规划模型方法求解运算量很大，只能求解作业元素个数较少的线平衡问题，与实际情况相差甚大，故此法在实际应用中所取得的效果不是很理想。动态规划(dynamic programming)算法是解决多阶段决策过程最优化问题的一种常用方法，难度比较大，技巧性也很强。动态规划实现并不复杂，适用于许多问题，在解决一般问题时是我们首选的算法之一。但是，动态规划的数学模型的建立不是件容易的事，其中最困难也最重要的是状态表示。动态规划的状态表示描述的子问题必须满足最优子结构性质，否则无法建立正确的动态规划模型。在应用动态规划方法解决问题时，应先估计问题的时间、空间，如果问题存在维数障碍，那么动态规划的状态表示很难满足较大规模问题的空间要求。我们必须另寻其他方法。动态规划法运用于解决ALB问题时，其状态的表