英语II（1）期末复习练习(4)阅读理解.doc

英语II（1）期末复习 - 阅读理解练习题深圳电大 苏曼华阅读部分的短文类型包括应用文、描述文、记叙文、说明文或议论文等。在做阅读理解题时，要善于运用有效的阅读方法，用较快的速度了解文章的大意，然后回答文后的题目。这里有几种方法供参考：1 略读：这种阅读方式用于快速浏览，了解文章大意。不能逐词阅读，而是按意群扫视，连贯阅读；不要拘泥于个别词句的理解，尤其是对于回答问题无关紧要的词，而要力求掌握通篇的中心意思；不是通过翻译来理解，而是通过阅读了解上下文的意思。略读时应特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、每段的首句和结尾句以及段落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词，它们往往是了解文章的关键。2 查读：这种阅读方式适于寻找具体细节。它的目的非常明确，即找到所需要的信息。日常生活中我们对这一方法并不陌生。例如从人群中找出你认识的朋友，从货架上找出你想购买的商品，在书架上寻找一本你要找的书，从一本指南中找出某个单位的地址等，都是利用这种方法。在查读时，目光要自上而下，一目数行地寻视与答题相关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。当回答who，when，where等有关文章细节时，我们用这种方法很快就能找到答案。 3 细读：对于某些需要判断或思考的问题，先要找到文章中的相关段落，然后逐句阅读，特别对关键词、关键句要仔细推敲，以便对其有较准确的理解，并弄清字里行间潜在的意思。对不认识的单词可根据上下文或自己的背景知识来推断其含义。对难以看懂的长句要借助语法知识来理解。对复杂的修饰语、插入句、倒装句或较生僻的词语，如果不影响回答问题，不必深究。4 正确把握句与句之间的关系：遇到读不懂的句子只要继续往下读，往往就能找到理解该句的线索。要学会识别句群，这样有助于你更准确地把握一些难句所传递的信息，也有助于理清整个文章的脉络。一定要抓住文章中的关联词。5 带着问题阅读：在做阅读理解题之前，先看文章后的问题，弄清需要回答的问题，然后带着这些问题边阅读边找出答案。与答案无关的内容可略过，因为考试时阅读的目的很明确，就是为了回答问题。有时并不需要完全理解全文内容也能回答问题。无论采取以上哪种方法，在考试时都应首先快速浏览文章及文章后的题目，然后到文章中查找相关的信息，这就是我们通常所讲的skimming（略读）与scanning（快速查读）技巧的紧密结合。以下是期末考试的阅读理解练习题阅读下列短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案Passage 1 (Unit 3 Activity 6) 07年7月题There have been changes in all sorts of different areas of British society. In recent years in the UK we have had a very large increase in the number of couples who get divorced. After 1969 and the Divorce Law Reform Act we had a very rapid increase in the number of divorces. The rate increased steadily and in recent years has increased much more rapidly. But there are also quite a lot of people who do actually get married. At present the marriage rate in the UK is about 70 per cent, which has gone down since the number of people who marry has gone down quite a lot in the last 20 years, but more significantly in the last 10 years. Quite high proportions of people now live together without marrying, and, for example, 40 per cent of children born in the UK are born to couples who arent married or are born to lone parents. There are quite a large number of lone parent families, 90 per cent of these are headed by a woman rather than a man. The average family size now in the UK is 1.8 children per couple, which means that theres been quite a decline in the birth rate in the UK along with other European countries.1. Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.ThedecliningdivorcerateintheUK.B.ThedecliningmarriagerateintheUK.C.TheincreasingdivorcerateintheUK.D.TrendsinmarriageanddivorceintheUK.2. Duringthelasttenyears,_.A.themarriageratehasgonedownmorerapidlyintheUKB.themarriageratehasgoneupalotintheUKC.40%ofchildrenwereborntounwedcouplesintheUKD.40%ofchildrenwereborntosingleparentsintheUK3.Accordingtothepassage,thecohabitationrateintheUKtendsto_.A.declineB.soar(急剧上升)C.staystableD.notmentionedinthepassage4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Thehighestdivorceratewasaround1969.B.Themarriageratehasgonedowninrecentyears.C.Themarriagerateiscurrently70percent.D.90percentofloneparentfamiliesareheadedbywomen.5.Thelastparagraphtellsus_.A.thebirthrateintheUKisincreasingatthemomentB.atpresentanyfamilyintheUKis2childrenatmostC.thebirthrateinotherEuropeancountrieskeepsincreasingD.thebirthrateintheUKisdecreasingrapidlynow（Key：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D）Passage 2 (作业2)People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by mans release of completely new and often artificial (人造的) substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance (物质)，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three of four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cant be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess use and careless disposal (处理) of the products we use in our daily lives.1. The main cause of pollution is _.A.the release of artificial or natural substances into the environmentB.the production of new industrial goodsC.increased amounts of a natural substance 2. Much of the pollution could be controlled if only _.A. farmers would use less artificial fertilizersB. governments would take effective measuresC. all sides concerned would make more efforts 3. Food packages, bottles and tins for drinks can cause _.A. air and water pollution B. both a litter problem and a waste of resourcesC. to pay for the service 4. Which of the following can not help solving the problem of pollution?A. Cutting out unnecessary buying. B. Reduce excess use. C. Eating. 5. What does the underlined word “litter” mean in paragraph 2?A. bits of waste things B. serious problem C. industrial pollution（Key：1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A）Passage 3 (课外)A funny thing happened on the way to the communication revolution: we stopped talking to each other. I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his mobile phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and poof! I was cut off as if I had become absent from the conversation. The park was filled with people talking on their cell phones. They were passing people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies or stopping to pat their dogs. It seems that the limitless electronic voice is preferred to human contact. The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people feel absent. Recently I was in a car with three friends. The driver hushed the rest of us because he could not hear the person on the other end of his cell phone. There we were, four friends driving down the highway, unable to talk to each other because of the small thing designed to make communication easier. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a setback (退步) to the closeness of human interaction. With e-mail and instant message over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can make entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine. As almost every contact between human beings gets automatic, the emotional distance index goes up. Pumping gas at the station? Why say good-morning to the assistant when you can swipe you credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Making a deposit at the bank? Why talk to the clerk who lives in the neighborhood when you can put your card into the ATM? More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I didnt really have time to talk. The technology devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier. I own a mobile phone, an ATM card, a voice-mail telephone, and an e-mail account. Giving them up isnt a choice. They are great for what they are intended to do. Its their unintended results that make me upset. What good is all this gee-whiz technology if there is no one in the room to hear you crying out “Gee whiz”?1. The authors experience of walking in a park with a friend recently made him feel _. A.unhappy B.funny C.wonderful2. According to the author, human contact in a park means _. A. looking at each other and saying hello when passingB. noticing their babies and stopping to pat their dogsC. both A and B3. According to the author, the more connected we get in communications technology, the _ we are. A. more automatic B. more disconnected C. closer 4. What are the examples the author gives to explain his idea that every advance in communications technology is a setback to the closeness of human interaction? A. With e-mail and instant message over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.B. With voice mail, you can make entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.C. All of the above.5. What is the unintended result of communication technology, according to the author?A. It makes communication easier and conversation possible everywhere. B. It actually creates a distance between people instead of bringing them together.C. It makes human contacts limitless with electronic voices everywhere.（Key：1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B）Passage 4 (课外) 06年1月题，07年7月题Some people think they have an answer to the troubles of automobile crowding and dirty air in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle, or “bike”.In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work every day. In New York City, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike for a Better City. They claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car engines.For several years this group has been trying to get the city government to help bike riders. For example, they want the city to draw bicycle lanes on some of the main streets, because when bike riders have to use the same lanes as cars, there are accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes more people would use bikes.But no bicycle lanes have been drawn. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea - they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike.The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. Only on weekends, Central Park is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown.1. According to the passage, some people think that bicycle _. A. are more convenient than cars B. are safer traffic tools than cars C. are ridden by most people in U. S. D. are the solution to some city problems2. The idea of special bicycle lanes is most favored by _. A. the city government B. some bike riders C. people living far from downtown D. some store owners3. “Bicycle lanes” probably means _. A. narrow passages between buildings for bicycles B. roads full of bicycles C. special parts of the road for bicycle riders only D. roads for bicycles only 4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Bike for a Better City members ride bicycles to work.B. Sometimes accidents may occur when cars and bikes are on the same lanes. C. The Central Park is situated in the downtown section of New York. D. In some cities many people use bikes as they have special lanes. 5. The best title for this passage is _. A. Traffic Crowding in New York CityB. Air Pollution in New York City by CarsC. Special Lanes for PassengersD. A Solution to Traffic Problem in New York （Key：1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D）Passage 5 (Unit 18 Activity 3)(作业2) 08年1月题Benjamin Disraeli, the famous nineteenth century prime minister, said, “London is not a city, - it is a nation.” Today this is an understatement; London, with its vast range of different ethnic groups, is a world. Certainly, London is the most culturally diverse city in the world. The city was founded by the Romans and since then new arrivals have constantly added to its character and prosperity. Within 10 years 40% of Londoners will be from ethnic minority groups, including the growing number of Londoners of mixed ethnic origin, but most of them will have been born in Britain. Children of Caribbean-Chinese marriages will go to school with children of Russian-Irish couples. None of them will be English but all of them will be Londoners.Most of Britains ethnic minority residents live in the capital, speaking over 300 languages. Nearly all of the African population and many of the Caribbean population of Britain live in London (83% and 58% respectively); 39% of the Chinese population of Britain and 36% of the Asian population of Britain live in London. The largest migrant community is from the Irish Republic with 256,000 people, 3.8% of the total population of London.There are an estimated 330,000 refugees and asylum seekers living in London, with most recent arrivals coming from Eastern Europe, North Africa and Kurdistan.Young people, in particular, are skilled at dealing with a large number of different and hybrid cultures. They themselves often have several different ethnic identities since their parents and grandparents may come from several different backgrounds and their friends and partners do also. They are “skilled cross-cultural travellers” without leaving their home-town.1. Why does the writer think that Benjamin Disraelis statement is an understatement? Becarse he thinks London is _. A. part of the world B.Even larger than some countries in the world C. not a nation at all D. a miniature world thanks to its great cultural diversity 2. London is regarded as the most culturally diverse city in the world due to the following facts EXCEPT that _. A. within 10 years 40% Londoners will be from ethnic minority groups B.most of Britains ethnic minority residents live in London, speaking over 300 languages C. London accommodates about 330,000 refugees and asylum seekers from many other countries D. Many young people are immigrants from different backgrounds3. Ethnic minority groups will make up _ of the London population in the future. A. 3.8% B. 40% C. 39% D. 36%4. The last paragraph mainly tells us in London _. A. young people are for4m different backgrounds B. young people are raised in a multicultural environment C. young people find it hard to adapt themselves to hybrid cultures D. young people feel at ease with a large number of diversified cultures 5. The passage mainly deals with _. A. the advantage of hybrid cultures in London B. the composition of the population in London C. the cultural diversity in London D. the contribution made by the new arrivals to London（Key：1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C）Passage 6 (Unit 9 Activity 12) (作业1) 08年1月题Who will stage the games? Preparing for the Olympics Games is a huge undertaking. Just like the athletes, the host city spends years getting ready for the event. Before deciding which city will host the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has to examine bids from all over the world. Bidding for the games begins about ten years in advance. Without preparing a very strong bid1, a city will not win the competition to host the games. Beijing was chosen for the 2008 games from five bidders Osaka, Paris, Toronto and Istanbul.2Why does it take so long to prepare? Building the infrastructure costs huge amounts of money. Holding the World Cup in 2002 in Japan and South Korea, for example, meant that ten new stadiums had to be built, as well as many hotels and an improved transport system. In Beijing, after winning the bid the government began major construction projects the extension of the underground, the improvement of the airport and the building of new motorways3. Each host city must also build an Olympic village for the athletes. By planting trees and creating parks, the city becomes more attractive for tourists.Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games? Hosting the games has a major effect on the economy and brings international prestige to the country. Thousands and thousands of visitors come to the games and the host cities are permanently improved.1. Bidding for the Olympic Games usually starts _ before the games are really held.A. two years B. eight years C. one year D. ten years2. Beijing was one of the _ bidders for the 2008 games. A. four B. five C. ten D. three3. The World Cup 2002 was held in _.A. Japan B. South Korea C. China D. A and B4. What construction projects did Beijing start after winning the bid? _A. The extension of the underground. B. The improvement of the airport.C. The building of new motorwaysD. All of the above5. Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games?A. Because it has a major effect on the economy.B. Because it brings international prestige to the country.C. Because the host cities are permanently improved.D. All of the above.（Key：1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. D）Passage 7 (课外)I was 15 when I walked into McCarley Bookstore and began to look over the titles of the books on the shelves. The man behind the counter, the owner of the bookstore, asked me if I would like a job. I needed to start saving for college, so I said yes. I worked after school and during summers for minimum wages and the job helped pay for my freshman year of college. I worked at many other jobs afterwards: I made