课件四级写作技巧.ppt

Writing in CET-4Writing in CET-4 一、解读大纲一、解读大纲 写作（写作（writingwriting）部分是测试学生用英）部分是测试学生用英 语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为 15%15%，考试时间为，考试时间为3030分钟。分钟。 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生 根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、 图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120120词的短词的短 文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯 、无严重语法错误。考试时间、无严重语法错误。考试时间3030分钟。分钟。 二、写作类型二、写作类型 （1 1）对比观点型）对比观点型 （2 2）说明利弊型）说明利弊型 （3 3）解释现象型）解释现象型 （4 4）解决问题型）解决问题型 （5 5）图表表述型）图表表述型 （6 6）应用文写作）应用文写作 对比观点型作文对策 作文类型与要求： 阐述对立观点型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的 ： 1有（些）人认为 2也有（些）人认为 3我的看法/观点 这类型的作文的写作可以采用以下的模式： 第一段：引出讨论的主题，阐述观点A及其 理由 第二段、阐述观点B及其理由 第四段：表明自己的观点以及理由 注意：在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观 点。 对比观点型高分模版 The topic of _(主题) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reasons of _ (支持A的理由一)。 Whats more, _(理由二)。Thirdly, _ (理由三)。 While others think B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly, _ (支持B的理由一). Besides, _(理由二). Finally, _(理由三)。 From my point of view, I think _(我的观点). The reason is that _(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice. 经典句型对比观点常用句型 1. As to whether it is worthwhile ., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it. 关于是否值得_的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对 此可能持不同的观点。 2. When it comes to , most people believe that , but other people regard as . 提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为 _是_. 3. When faced with., quite a few people claim that ., but other people think as 提到_问题，有人认为_，但另一些人则认为_。 4. There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . Those who criticize argue that ., they believe that ,but people who favor , on the other hand, argue that 目前，_问题争议较大。批判_的人认为_，他 们认为_，不过，另一方面，赞同_的人则认为 _。 经典句型对比观点常用句型 5. When asked about , different people will offer different opinions. Some people say/think/believe/take it for granted that , while others hold that 当被问及_, 不同的人持有不同的观点。有人认为_, 而 其他人认为_. 6. With the development of the society, the controversial issue of is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue. 随着社会的发展，_这个极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关 注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。 7. Recently, there arises a controversial debate over whether we should or 最近，对于我们是否应该_的问题出现了很多争议。 8. Whether we should view as a blessing or curse is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents /teachers but by farmers/students as well. 我们应该把_看做是好还是坏成为了一个热门话题，不仅城 里人（教师）在谈论这个问题，农民（学生）也在谈论。 经典句型支持者观点常用句型 1.Those who strongly approve of . have lots of reasons for it. Firstly, . Whats more, . In addition, 2.Some people contend that has proved to bring many advantages. For one thing, For another, Last but not the least, 3.People who support give some or all of the following reasons. 4.Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 5.Some people think/prefer that They hold this idea/opinion/view because 6.People who support give some or all of the following reasons. 经典句型反对者观点常用句型 1.But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that 2.However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case. 3.But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case. They argue that 4.Some people examine this issue from another angle. 5.On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly 6.However/On the other hand, there are still many people who wont agree. They argue that Besides/In addition, 经典句型表达个人观点常用句型 1.Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion 2.Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view 3.As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view. 4.After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that 5.If asked to make a decision, I would prefer 6.Taking into consideration both sides of the issue, I tend to favor the latter view 7.Personally, I am on the side of the latter argument because Therefore/In conclusion, 8.If asked to make a choice, I would not hesitate to side with the former / latter view. 说明利弊型作文对策 作文类型与要求： 说明利弊型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的： 1说明事物现状 2事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3你对现状（或前景）的看法 这类型的作文的写作可以采用以下的模式： 第一部分：引言。简述标题中涉及的某一事物或现 象； 第二部分： 优点。例举该事物或现象的优点或积极因素 缺点。可以考虑用对比关联词引出该事物或现象的 另一面缺点或消极因素； 第三部分：考生的个人体会。权衡利弊，阐述个人 体会或者如何扬长避短的方法。 说明利弊型高分模版 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First _（的优点之一）. Besides _（的优点之二）. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _（的第一个缺点）To make matters worse,_（的第二个缺点） Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to _（我的看法） （From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, _（对前景的预测） 经典句型说明利弊常用句型 1. With the development of science and technology, has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 随着科学技术的发展， 已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要 的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。 2. As the proverb goes: “every coin has its two sides“, is no exception. 俗语有云：“万事万物都有两面性。“ _也不例外。 3. Every thing has a good side and a bad side, and is no exception. 万事万物有其两面性，而_也是如此。 4. The discussion as to whether the . is a blessing or a curse arouses most peoples interests. _是好坏利弊问题引起了很多人的兴趣。 经典句型说明利弊常用句型 5. .plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world. _ 尤为重要而引起当今社会的关注。 6. There comes a question: is it a blessing or a curse. 问题是：_是福是祸？ 7. There is no denying that every thing has one more face and . is no exception. 不可否认，每一件事物都有其两面性，其实，_也不 例外。 8. Every thing in the world has its own two sides. Without exception, has both advantages and disadvantages. 任何事情都有两面性， 也不例外，有其优势和劣势 （利与弊）。 经典句型陈述事物优点的常用句型 1. There are several advantages in. The first /biggest advantage is that 2. The advantages of can be seen as follow. First besides 3. is playing an increasing important role in peoples lives. For one thing For another 4. As we know, . bring many benefits and convenience to people. 5. There are no less than three advantages in as rendered below. 经典句型陈述事物优点的常用句型 6. Nothing / Few things / There is hardly anything can equal / match with / be compared with in terms of 7. has a positive impact / influence / effect on peoples lives. 8. For all / In spite of / Despite the disadvantages / side(/adverse) effects, it has its compensating advantages / beneficial effects 9. The merits of this is obvious. 10. As is often pointed out that , it certainly help people For all the advantages, it also brings other content that . 经典句型陈述事物缺点的常用句型 1.However, just like anything else, has its negative side as well. For one thing, Besides / For another, 2.In the meantime, we can not ignore the disadvantages of 3.However, the negative aspects of are also apparent / obvious / evident. To begin with, To make matter worse, Worst of all, . 4.Like anything else, it has also its faults / shortcomings /disadvantages / weakness / problems / harmful effects. 5.However, like anything else,. has more than one face. 经典句型陈述事物缺点的常用句型 6. However, just as everything has two sides, also has many disadvantages. 7. As the proverb goes, every coin has its two side, is no exception. 8. Despite the advantages . has, some people claim, we shall not lose sight of its adverse effects on. 9. But its bright side should not keep us from examining its dark side. 10.Of course, nothing in the world is perfect, so is. 经典句型对比事物利弊的常用句型 1.In my case, the advantages overweigh / carry more weight than the disadvantages. 2.Anyway, I still hold has more advantages than disadvantages. 3.But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side. 4.With the problems and the benefits has exerted on us, I think what is more important is its positive side. 5.However, I still believe has more advantages than disadvantages. 经典句型对比事物利弊的常用句型 6. In fact, the advantages of / gained in / derived from far outweigh / are much greater than the disadvantages / problems entails. 7. Serious / High / Great as the problem / cost / difficulty mat be, it almost pales / disappears into insignificance before / beside / by comparison to / compared with . 8. But all in all, I would say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. With the advance of society, if we encourage the merits and eliminate the drawbacks, all people will enjoy a better life. 实战练习 Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Private School. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1.当前，社会上有很多私立学校和培训学校； 2.私立学校的利与弊； 3.你的看法。 Private School It can be noticed that a large number of private schools or training organizations become a new landscape in education. When you read newspapers, when you watch TV, when you walk on the road, you will inevitably see lots of advertisements about private schools. There are private schools mainly dealing with foreign languages, computers, music and sports. Private School However, is it a good or bad thing to have so many private schools? As a coin has two sides, so are the private schools. On the one hand, private schools can meet the special needs of the society or the particular requirements of people. On the other hand, they often bring people extra burden because of comparison and competition. Private School When asked to decide whether we should have a society without private schools or a society with private schools, I will not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. Although attending a training course will result in the extra cost or burden, it is of tremendous merits in preparing my work and cultivating my skills. 解释现象型作文对策 此类作文类型与要求 解释现象型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的： 1.说明某种现象 2.产生这种现象的原因 3.我的观点（看法） 此类型作文可以采用以下模式 第一段：描述现象，评价现象 第二段：说明原因 （原因一，原因二、 ） 第三段：我的观点，结论。 解释现象型作文模版 Recently, _. (描述现象，引起 话题 ) What amazes us most is_( 表 现较为典型的一个方面) It is true that_ . (对于现象做出的评论) There are many reasons explaining_( 承上启下,解释这一现象 的原因) The main reason is_.( 说明原 因一) What is more, _.(原因二) Thirdly, _(原因三) As a result,_ .( 讲述导致的结果) Considering all these, _. (作 者的态度) For one thing, _.( 观点一) For another,_ . (11观点二) In conclusion, _. (12总结全文) 实战练习 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled What Electives to Choose. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: What Electives to Choose 1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3.以你自己为例 实战练习 Nowadays, a growing number of electives are offered in all sorts of universities. According to a recent survey in China Daily, students can choose their favorite courses from a total number of 20,000 electives in Chinese universities. The topics include everything, from literature to engineering, from sociology to chemistry. 实战练习 When asked why they choose the electives, different students provide different answers. Some of them choose the electives which are easier to study; therefore, the students will be able to win the credit with little effort. Other students maintain that they choose the electives that interest them the most. Still others choose the “practical” courses because they believe these programs will help them hunt for a better job when they graduate. 实战练习 As to me, I choose two electives, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and economics. The former will equip me with more knowledge to read and write academic papers; while the latter is important in that everyone has to know a little economics in order to live better in the time of “market economy”. 解决问题型作文对策1 此类作文类型与要求 解决问题型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的： How /What are the ways of 1.提出某种现象或者问题 2.产生这种现象的原因 3.怎样才能阻止这一现象 此类型作文可以采用以下模式 第一段：提出问题；说明问题的重要性 第二段：说明产生问题的原因：原因一 原 因二 第三段：提出解决途径：途径一 途径二 ；预测解决后的前景。 解决问题型作文对策2 此类作文类型与要求 解决问题型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的： How /What are the ways of 1.提出某种现象或者问题 2.解决这种现象或者问题的方法 3.我的方法和理由 此类型作文可以采用以下模式 第一段：提出问题 第二段：提出解决问题的方法：方法一 方法 二 第三段：我的方法；我的理由；表达解决问题的 信心或者展望前景 解决问题型作文模板2 With the development of _ ，_ .(问题出现的背景) So it is of great importance for us to _. (提出问题) On the one hand,_. (问题的后果一) On the other hand,_. (问题的后果二) However, we have figured out many ways to _. (提出解决这一问题的方法) Firstly,_. (解决方法一) So long as _. (进一步说明方法一) Secondly,_. (方法二) Thirdly,_. (方法三) In fact,_.(提出解决问题的根本 途径) 11That is because _. (11支持句 的理由) 12In a word, _. (12总结全文) 实战练习2 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below： How I Finance My College Education 1. 上大学的费用很高(tuition and fees) 2. 上大学的费用可以通过多种渠道解决 3. 哪种渠道适合于我(说明理由) 实战练习2 How I Finance My College Education Nowadays, tuition and fees for college education are much higher than ever before. How to finance college education has become a matter of concern for many students. 实战练习2 Different people have different ways to solve this problem. Some get all of the money from their parents. Some apply for a loan especially set up for college students. Some acquire the money completely by themselves, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. Some other students may ask their parents for most of it and earn the rest in their spare time in college, by doing a part-time job. 实战练习2 As far as Im concerned, I prefer the last way. Having acquired most of the tuition and fees from my parents, I neednt worry too much about the money and can concentrate on my study; on the other hand, a part-time job in my spare time makes my campus-life colorful. I can make a lot of friends, improve my abilities and learn lots of knowledge. So, I choose this way to cover my tuition and fees. 图表描述型作文图表描述型作文 特点：题目中信息来源是图表，特点：题目中信息来源是图表， 如：如：1991.61991.6；2002.62002.6的真题。的真题。 CET-4 2002.6CET-4 2002.6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitledto write a short essay entitled Student Use of Student Use of ComputersComputers. You should write at least 120 words, and . You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:given below: 1. 1. 图中所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间：图中所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间： 19901990年（年（2 hours2 hours）、）、19951995年（年（4 hours4 hours）、）、20002000年（年（14 14 hourshours）, , 请描述其变化；请描述其变化； 2. 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格 或社会发展等方面加以说明）；或社会发展等方面加以说明）； 3. 3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 CET-4 2002.6CET-4 2002.6 199019952000 Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 year CET-4 2002.6 CET-4 2002.6 写作框架写作框架 第一段第一段 ： （1 1）概括描述图表：趋势描写）概括描述图表：趋势描写 （2 2）具体描述图表：必要的数据支）具体描述图表：必要的数据支 持（细节性）持（细节性） 第二段第二段 ：说明原因：原因一、：说明原因：原因一、 原原 因二、因二、 第三段第三段 ： （1 1）预测未来和提出问题；）预测未来和提出问题； （2 2）总结全文和表达自己的观点）总结全文和表达自己的观点 Student Use of Computers From the chart/diagram given above, we can clearly see that there has been an obvious increase in the average number of hours that a college student spends on the computer in the last decades of the twentieth century. In 1990, less than 2 hours were spent on computers. The number doubled in 1995. and in 2000, the average hours increased dramatically to almost 20 hours. Several reasons account for the rapid change. To begin with, the first and most important reason is peoples realization of computers significance. Now computers have their ways into companies, schools and homes and have become an essential part of our modern society. Secondly, the drop of prices also contributes to the change. With the development of technology, computers become much cheaper now than 10 years ago. More students can afford them and thus can use them freely. Last but not least, computers enable us handle our problems effectively. In a word , we can safely conclude that the increase of student use of computer is bound to continue. Computers become very popular among students now and how to make full use of them has caused much discussion among people. 图表型作文常用表达方法 1. As we can see from the charts/tables/bars/pie graphs. 2. As is clearly shown by the charts 3. Several factors contribute to the . 4. Obviously, great changes take place in . 5. The reasons for this change are . 应用文写作应用文写作 特点：题目要求写书信等常见应用特点：题目要求写书信等常见应用 文，如：文，如：2001.62001.6；2002.12002.1；2004.12004.1 ；2004.62004.6；2005.12005.1；2007.62007.6的真的真 题。题。 遵循原则：开门见山说意图；咨询遵循原