容易搞错的短语及句型.ppt

容易搞错的重要短语及典型句型容易搞错的重要短语及典型句型 （一）（一）so as to /such as toso as to /such as to n n such as tosuch as to的这个词组里，的这个词组里，suchsuch是做代词，到如此程是做代词，到如此程 度以致度以致，而，而so as to so as to 里面，里面，soso不能做代词成分。不能做代词成分。 (1)His illness is such as to cause anxiety. (1)His illness is such as to cause anxiety. 他病得很他病得很 重重, , 令人担忧。令人担忧。 (2)This book is such as to interest me a lot.(2)This book is such as to interest me a lot.这本书是这本书是 这样的，以至于引起了我的兴趣。注意这句话读的这样的，以至于引起了我的兴趣。注意这句话读的 时候要这样读，时候要这样读，This book is suchThis book is such先停顿一下，再连先停顿一下，再连 下去读下去读as to interest me a lot. as to interest me a lot. n n so as toso as to举例，举例，I get up early I get up early so as toso as to arrive at school arrive at school on time. on time. so as to /such as toso as to /such as to n n The brilliance of his satires was _ make even The brilliance of his satires was _ make even his victims laugh.his victims laugh. A. so as to A. so as to B. such as to B. such as to C. so that C. so that D. such thatD. such that n n 正确答案：正确答案：B B译文：他的讽刺太生动了，以致于被讽译文：他的讽刺太生动了，以致于被讽 刺的人都笑了起来。解析：刺的人都笑了起来。解析：soso修饰形容词，修饰形容词，suchsuch修饰修饰 名词此句可以还原为：名词此句可以还原为：His satires was _brilliance His satires was _brilliance as to make even his victims laughas to make even his victims laugh。 BrillianceBrilliance是名词，所是名词，所 以选以选suchmake even his victims laughsuchmake even his victims laugh不是个句子而是个不是个句子而是个 动词短语，所以不能选动词短语，所以不能选C C、D D ，so thatso that和和such thatsuch that常引常引 导结果状语从句。导结果状语从句。 （二）与其说（二）与其说还不如说还不如说的常见句型的常见句型 (1) (1) . not so much as (but) not so much as (but) . 与其说与其说 还不如说还不如说 (2) (2) . not so much that.as (but) that. not so much that.as (but) that 与与 其说其说还不如说还不如说 (3) (3) . not so much as. not so much as. (=not even) . (=not even) 甚至于不甚至于不 ，连，连也不也不 (4) (4) . might as well . as. . might as well . as. 与其说与其说还不还不 如说如说 (1) . not so much as (but) .(1) . not so much as (but) . 与其说与其说还不如说还不如说 (2) . not so much that.as (but) that (2) . not so much that.as (but) that 与其说与其说还不还不 如说如说 （1 1）He is He is not so muchnot so much a teacher a teacher asas a scholar.a scholar. 译文：与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。（注意翻译时动作的对象）译文：与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。（注意翻译时动作的对象） It wasIt wasntnt so muchso much his appearance I liked his appearance I liked asas his personality.his personality. 译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格。译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格。 （2 2）Its Its not so muchnot so much thatthat I dont want to come I dont want to come butbut I just I just havent got the time.havent got the time. 译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。 (3) (3) . not so much as. not so much as. (=not even) . (=not even) 甚至于不甚至于不，连，连 不不 (4) (4) . might as well . as. . might as well . as. 与其说与其说还不如说还不如说 （3 3）He He didnt so much asdidnt so much as say thank you after all wed done say thank you after all wed done for him.for him. 译文：我们为他干了那么多事，他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。译文：我们为他干了那么多事，他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。 （4 4）You You might as wellmight as well throw your money into the sea throw your money into the sea asas lend it lend it to him.to him. 译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。（注意译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。（注意 翻译时动作的对象）翻译时动作的对象） （三）区别：（三）区别：all but all but 几乎，差一点，除几乎，差一点，除以外其余都是以外其余都是 but forbut for要不是要不是 but that+but that+从句：若不是从句：若不是 （1 1）She She all butall but fainted when she heard the news. fainted when she heard the news. 译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。 注：此句中注：此句中a11 buta11 but意为意为nearlynearly，almostalmost。 试对比：试对比： （2 2）All butAll but the little children thought that the trip the little children thought that the trip was excitingwas exciting 译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的 。 注：此句中注：此句中all butall but意为意为a11 excepta11 except。 例例2 2：But forBut for the rain we should have a pleasant journey. the rain we should have a pleasant journey. 译文：要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是愉快的。译文：要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是愉快的。 例例3 3：He would have helped us He would have helped us but thatbut that he was short of he was short of money at the time.money at the time. 译文：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。译文：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。 注：注：1) 1)but thatbut that引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。 2) 2) but thatbut that有灵活的译法。如：有灵活的译法。如：Nothing would satisfy that Nothing would satisfy that child child but thatbut that I place her on my lap I place her on my lap( (那孩子什么都不要那孩子什么都不要 ，只要我把她抱在怀里。，只要我把她抱在怀里。) ) （四）（四）“ “名词名词+or+or+名词名词” ”结构中结构中oror后的名词是同位语后的名词是同位语 ，应译为，应译为“ “即即；或者称；或者称” 例例1 1：Moreover, technology includesMoreover, technology includes techniques techniques, , oror ways to do thingsways to do things, as well as the machines , as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.that may or may not be necessary to apply them. 译文：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，译文：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即即 制作方法，而动用这些技艺并不一定都需制作方法，而动用这些技艺并不一定都需 要机器。要机器。 （五）（五）“ “only + to doonly + to do” ”意为意为“ “，结果却，结果却”，即，即 表示与句子谓语动作的目的表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果相反的结果。 They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discoveronly to discover, , perhaps, that the show is disappointing. perhaps, that the show is disappointing. n n 译文：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买译文：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买 价格很贵的票，（如果去了，）结果却可能发现价格很贵的票，（如果去了，）结果却可能发现 ，所演的节目令人失望。，所演的节目令人失望。 例例2: They hurried there 2: They hurried there only to findonly to find the meeting the meeting canceled. canceled. n n 译文：他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿，结果却发现会议译文：他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿，结果却发现会议 被取消了。被取消了。 （六）（六）not nearlynot nearly (=by no means (=by no means，far from) far from) 远不远不 n n There are There are not nearlynot nearly enough people here to do the job enough people here to do the job ( (这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。) ) n n The food supply will The food supply will notnot increase increase nearlynearly enough to enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 译文：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味译文：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味 着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。 注：注：1) this1) this是指上文提到的是指上文提到的“ “到到2121世纪初世界人口将增世纪初世界人口将增 加到加到6060亿或亿或7070亿亿” ”。 （7 7）几个不定代词的固定搭配：）几个不定代词的固定搭配： have none of: have none of: 不参加；不准；不接受不参加；不准；不接受 n n I will I will have none of have none of your stupid ideas! your stupid ideas! 我才不接受你我才不接受你 那愚蠢的想法！那愚蠢的想法！ n n He was offered a job but he said heHe was offered a job but he said he d d have none of have none of it. it. 他有一个工作机会，但他说他不接受。他有一个工作机会，但他说他不接受。 none but (=nothing but): none but (=nothing but): 只有只有 (=only)(=only) n n None butNone but the brave deserves the fair. the brave deserves the fair. 只有英雄才只有英雄才 配得上美人。配得上美人。 n n She chose She chose none butnone but the best. the best. 她只选最好的。她只选最好的。 n n She is She is nothing butnothing but a child. a child. 她只不过是个孩子。她只不过是个孩子。 none other than:none other than: （表示惊讶）不是别人，正是（表示惊讶）不是别人，正是 (= no one else but)(= no one else but) n n It It s s none other than none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa.Tom! We thought you were in Africa. none the +none the +比较级词比较级词+ for:+ for: 毫不，一点也不毫不，一点也不 n n He spent two weeks in hospital but heHe spent two weeks in hospital but he s s none the better for none the better for it. it.他在医院里待了两个星期，但一点也没好转。他在医院里待了两个星期，但一点也没好转。 n n My car is My car is none the worse for none the worse for wear. wear. 我的车子一点也没有我的车子一点也没有 损耗。损耗。 none too:none too: ( (在形容词或副词前在形容词或副词前) ) 不太；一点都不不太；一点都不 n n The service in this restaurant is The service in this restaurant is none too none too fast. fast. 这家旅馆的服这家旅馆的服 务一点效率都没有。务一点效率都没有。 anything but:anything but: 除除-之外什么都（此处的之外什么都（此处的butbut等于等于exceptexcept） 决不决不(=not at all)(=not at all) n n I eat I eat anything but (except)anything but (except) fish. fish. 除了鱼，我什么都吃。除了鱼，我什么都吃。 n n She isShe is anything but anything but a good cook. a good cook. 她决不是个好厨师。她决不是个好厨师。( (即：即： 除了好厨师，她什么都是。除了好厨师，她什么都是。) ) n n Hes anything but diligentHes anything but diligent他毫不用功。他毫不用功。 anything of:anything of: （疑问句（疑问句/ /条件句）一点点；条件句）一点点；（否定句（否定句 ）一点也（没有）一点也（没有） n n Is he Is he anything ofanything of a poet? a poet? 他有一点点诗人的样子吗？他有一点点诗人的样子吗？ n n I havenI haven t seen t seen anything of anything of him lately. him lately. 最近我没有见过他。最近我没有见过他。 for anything: for anything: ( (否定句否定句) )（给什么都）不，决不（给什么都）不，决不 n n I wonI won t go there t go there for anythingfor anything. . 我决不去那里。我决不去那里。 or anything:or anything: （意味着还有其他的可能性）（意味着还有其他的可能性） If Bernard wants to call me If Bernard wants to call me or anythingor anything, I, I ll be here all day. ll be here all day. 如果伯纳德要找我或什么的，我整天都会在这儿。如果伯纳德要找我或什么的，我整天都会在这儿。 if anything:if anything: 若有任何不同的话若有任何不同的话 If anything, If anything, my new job is harder than my old one. my new job is harder than my old one. 要说有什么不同的话，我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。要说有什么不同的话，我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。 or something:or something: 或什么的（表示说话者不能肯定）或什么的（表示说话者不能肯定） She is a stewardess She is a stewardess or somethingor something. . 她是空姐或什么的。她是空姐或什么的。 something like:something like: 有点像，大约有点像，大约 An airship is shaped An airship is shaped something likesomething like a cigar. a cigar. 飞船的形状有点像雪茄。飞船的形状有点像雪茄。 something of asomething of a. .: : 多少有点，有几分像，略懂多少有点，有几分像，略懂 HeHe s s something of asomething of a book collector. book collector. 他有几分像书籍收藏家。他有几分像书籍收藏家。 something to / in: something to / in: （叙述等）有些道理（叙述等）有些道理 ThereThere s s something to / insomething to / in what you say; I what you say; I ll take your advice. ll take your advice. 你说的有些道理，我会接受你的建议你说的有些道理，我会接受你的建议 for nothing:for nothing: 免费的；免费的； 徒劳的；徒劳的； 无缘无故的无缘无故的 She got the ticket She got the ticket for nothingfor nothing. . 她免费得到那张票。她免费得到那张票。 All our preparation All our preparation for nothingfor nothing! No one! No one s even come to the s even come to the party. party. 我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了! ! 连一个人都没来。连一个人都没来。 They quarreled They quarreled for nothing.for nothing. 他们无缘无故地争吵。他们无缘无故地争吵。 make nothing of:make nothing of: ( (常和常和cancan一起用一起用) )不理解；不重视不理解；不重视, ,轻视轻视 (= (= think nothing of)think nothing of) I could I could make nothing of make nothing of the passage. the passage. 我不理解这篇文章。我不理解这篇文章。 He He makes / thinks nothing ofmakes / thinks nothing of working ten hours a day. working ten hours a day. 他不在他不在 乎一天工作十小时。乎一天工作十小时。 to say nothing of: to say nothing of: 更不用说（更不用说（= not to mention / without = not to mention / without mentioningmentioning） Three people were badly hurt, Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of to say nothing of damage to the damage to the building. building. 三个人受了重伤，建筑物的损害更不用说了。三个人受了重伤，建筑物的损害更不用说了。 nothing if not:nothing if not: 格外地；非常地格外地；非常地 (= very / much (= very / much / extremely)/ extremely) n n He was He was nothing ifnothing if not not clever. (= He was very clever. (= He was very clever.) clever.) 他格外聪明。他格外聪明。 nothing of:nothing of: 无无的部分；无的部分；无的气质的气质 n n There was There was nothing ofnothing of the lady in her behavior. the lady in her behavior. 她她 的举止根本没有淑女的气质。的举止根本没有淑女的气质。 独立主格结构独立主格结构 （一）：（一）： 独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构的构成： 名词名词( (代词代词)+)+现在分词、过去分词；现在分词、过去分词； 名词名词( (代词代词)+)+形容词；形容词； 名词名词( (代词代词)+)+副词；副词； 名词名词( (代词代词)+)+不定式；不定式； 名词名词( (代词代词) +) +介词短语构成。介词短语构成。 主格名词主格名词/ /代词代词 + + 分词分词/ /形容词形容词/ /副词副词/ /不定式不定式/ /介词短语介词短语 ( (作逻辑主语作逻辑主语) () (作逻辑谓语作逻辑谓语) ) （二）（二） 独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的特点： 1 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词式，介词 等是主谓关系等是主谓关系 。 3 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词；）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词； （三）其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表（三）其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表 示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。 （三）举例：（三）举例： The test finishedThe test finished, we began our holiday. , we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinatedThe president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. , the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permittingWeather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. , we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This doneThis done, we went home. , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。工作完成后，我们才回家。 The meeting gone overThe meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. , everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, He came into the room, his ears red with coldhis ears red with cold. . 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, He came