中科院英语考博模拟试题（word）版及答案 模考二.doc

全真模拟试题BPart I: Vocabulary (20 points)1. Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never _from the highest standards of honor. A. deviate B. escape C. derive D. refrain2. They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed _in the glossary. A. in sum B. in total C. in general D. in full3. This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a _for more. A. scarcity B. command C. hunger D. request4. Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam_, surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things. A. at peace B. at leisure C. at rest D. at speed5. The closest _to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary schools；they can, however, accept some fee-paying pupils. A. equality B. equation C. equivalent D. equity6. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _revised. A. consecutively B. consequently C. successively D. subsequently7. He _us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about. A. confuses B. regards C. strikes D. knocks8. The water was so clear that it _the trees on the river bank. A. shadowed B. shaded C. represented D. reflected9. Some 121 countries may be designated “developing”, and of this 121, seventeen countries _more than four-fifths of energy consumption. A. amount to B. account for C. add up D. take away10. The researchers found the age at which young people first fall _to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them. A. sacrifice B. short C. witness D. victim11. Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature_ _to protect the dolphins. A. reservation B. rescue C. reserve D. refugee12. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will_ _the memory of the passers-by. A. keep B. ease C. jog D. enhance13. Diamonds have little_ _value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. A. intricate B. intact C. intriguing D. intrinsic14. At the moment she is_ _the netball match between the Japanese team and the Cuban team over at the playing field. A. arbitrating B. intervening C. refereeing D. deciding15. Any time_ _, any period of waiting is because you havent come and received the message. A. error B. cut C. 1ack D. 1ag16. James Joyce was_ _as the greatest writer of the 20th century. A. saluted B. estimated C. scaled D. measured17. All parts of this machine are _, so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.A. specialized B. standardized C. minimized D. modernized18. Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comets surface in order to reveal the core and give some_ _to the origin of the solar system. A. sources B. interpretations C. clues D. observations19. The Japanese Prime Ministers_ _is a seat on the U N Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit. A. precedence B. promise C. priority D. procedure20. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was_ 12 percent. A. in case of B. in view of C. in face of D. in excess of21. How well a person_ _depends just as much on whether theyre self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise. A. jumps out B. turns out C. covers up D. turns up22. The skin of the forest keeper_ _exposure to the harsh northwest weather. A. is tanned from B. is colored from C. is tainted by D. is encoded by23. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an_ _body and acts independently from all other institutions. A. indifferent B. imperative C. impartial D. incoherent24. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am_ _to carrying out the plan. A. committed B. obliged C. engaged D. resolved25. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _. A. struck out B. 1eft out C. ruled out D. counted out26. Hotels and restaurants are an_ _part of the city; without them the citys tourist industry cannot exist. A. insignificant B. integral C. interior D. inevitable27. I reject any religious doctrine that does not_ _to reason and is in conflict with morality. A. apply B. appeal C. attract D. attend28. There are three bodies of writing that come to_ _this question and we will consider each in turn. A. bear on B. sort out C. figure out D. put on29. Success does not_ _in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time. A. comprise B. convey C. consist D. conform30.Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to_ _the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers. A. live up to B. mark down C. size up D. play down31. Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works_. A. industrially B. industriously C. consciously D. purposefully32. I dont think its sensible of you to _your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well offend her. A. show up B. show off C. show out D. show away33. The economic development of that small country is to a considerable extent limited by the _ of raw materials and low consumption level.A. abundance B. inflation C. deficiency D. installment34. If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the Whole globe will be_. A. empowered B. punished C. polluted D. annihilated35. One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to _further research and further thinking about a particular topic. A. invent B. stimulate C. renovate D. advocate36. When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson _going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. A. took to B. took up C. took on D. took in37. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or _for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills. A. appointed B. assembled C. acknowledged D. adapted38. In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe _Europe into a bloody War. A. imposed B. plunged C. pitched D. inserted39. The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax_. A. privileges B. efficiency C. revenues D. validity40. The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _again next spring. A. convention B. conference C. session D. assemblyPart II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Passage One Jeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the worlds most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, they have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal. In the mid 1940s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U.S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported by both men and women, by returning GIs and sharp teenagers, they seemed as clean and strong as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levis were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European populations first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U.S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing. In the 1950s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rocknroll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance. and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in “Jailhouse Rock,” his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like “The Wild One” and “Rebel Without a Cause.” cult figures Marion Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it. By the beginning of the 1960s,slim jeans had become a leisure wear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned (包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid 1960s jeans had acquired yet another social connotationas the uniform of the budding social and sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations off the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.41. Jeans were first designed for_ _ A. soldiers. B. workmen. C. teenagers. D. cowboys.42. In the mid 1940s, jeans gained popularity because_ _ A. they made the wearer look clean and tough. B. they were comfortable and looked friendly. C. they were the outward symbol of the mainstream society. D. they stood for freedom and a strong character.43. What does the “real thing” refer to in the second paragraph? A. Authentic Levis. B. Workwear. C. Casual wear. D. Jeans of European style.44. The popularity of Elvis Presleys way of dressing illustrates that_ _A. teenagers wanted to look sexy.B. people desired to look strong and manly.C. jeans went well with rockn roll. D. Americans were more rebellious than Europeans.45. The last sentence suggests that jeans were_ _ A. used for military purposes.B. the symbol of the ideal of social equality.C. worn by all kinds of people.D. the outfit of social improvement.Passage Two The ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases. Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection. The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the worlds Jewish population. Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U.S. Nobel science prize winners. But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gauchers, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system.Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases. Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as money lending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians. Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in over hundreds areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen. But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-SachsBeing side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence. Researchers argue that highly unlikely thatmutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance. While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase apersons IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120.This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants. Modern-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expect a tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time. 46. According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are_ _ A. more intelligent than other Jews. B. more likely to be sick than other Jews. C. endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseases. D. more likely to be born with genetic diseases.47.According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in_ _A. the whole Europe and Eastern Asia.B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countries.C. Eastern Europe and a few Asian countries. D. Eastern Europe and Germany48.Tay-Sachs,Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are_ _ A. diseases caused by absence of an enzyme.B. 1ife-threatening genetic diseases.C. diseases that make people more intelligent.D. the same disease with different terms.49.The “lucrative job” may most probably be a job which is_ _ A. profitable. B. unsteady. C. challenging. D. permanent.50.The underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchers believe that_ _A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazims intelligence.B. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazims intelligence.C. the Ashkenazims high intelligence is caused by the mutated genes.D. the Ashkenazims illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance.Passage Three Sometimes its just hard to choose. Youre in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at theready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate. It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuffbe they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our governments philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but that. Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and arent confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who dont have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they dont have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decisionmaking paralysis causes. Choice wasnt supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isnt：ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety. Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem.But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you of something you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choicelimiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.51. The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice_ _A. it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a meal.B. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitation.C. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality food. D. it is possible to get know his customers partner.52. It is implied that it is the governments intention to_ _ A. improve the quality of TV programs.B. try to offer greater choice over public service systems.C. make people realize that some lovers are interchangeable.D. encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones.53. We can infer that the authors attitude towards choice is that_ _ A. the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoy. B. endless choice has only made us more miserable. C. it is easy for people to make a