《定语从句复习》PPT课件.pptVIP

定语从句 （The Attributive Clause) 什么叫定语？ 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句叫做定语 。 Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out His job is to train swimmers. Peel three bananas. Whats your name, please? 定语从句： 在复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词 的从句。 Eg: China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 Eg: A plane is a machine that can fly in the sky. 飞机是一种可以在天上飞的机器。 Jay is a popular singer in Taiwan who is famous for rap music. 周杰伦是一个在台湾以说唱乐闻名的著名歌手 。 关系代词： 引导从句，并在句中充当一定的语法成分（ 主语、宾语、定语）。 1. The man who/that spoke to the headmaster is our physics teacher. 2. The woman (who/whom/that) we met at the school gate is Wei Fangs mother. 3. The house which/that is being built there belongs to Mr Bill. 4. This is the famous doctor whose daughter teaches in our school. 在从句中的作 用：修饰功能 只修饰人只修饰物修饰人或物 主语 宾语 定语 whom (口语 中可用who, 可省略） whichthatwho which (可省略） that (可省略） whose （或of whom) whose （或of which） 1）用that而不用 which的情况： 当先行词为不定代词all, little, few, much ， none, anything, nothing, everything等时； 当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the few, the only修饰时； 当先行词被some, any , no ,every 等词修饰； 当先行词由表示人和物的两个并列的名词构 成时； 当主句是以which或who引导的特殊疑问句时 ； 当引导词在从句中作表语时。 that与which的区别： 1. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. （没有什么能阻止他不干那 件事。） 2. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.（在桂林 他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。） 3. This is the best film that I have ever seen. （这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。） 4. Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. （史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外 国人。） 2）用which而不用 that的情况： 介词后； 非限制性定语从句 eg: This is the room in which my father lived last year. (这是父亲去年居住过的房子。) He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. (他数学考试没 有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。) 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切， 去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑 。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不 密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上 用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语 从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译） 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who: 1.当先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等不定代词时。 The one who knows me well is Tom. 2.先行词为there be 结构的主语时。 There is a man who wants to see you. 用who还是that? 关系副词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系副词 when,where,why 等，它们放在先行词后面起引导作用，在定 语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。 注意 关系副词可以改写为“介词+which”引导定 语 从句。 1.Can you still remember that evening when/ on which we met for the first time? 2.Is this the village where/in which the famous scientist was born? 3.She didnt give the reason why/for which she was late for school again. 4.The girl with whom you talked at the meeting is a college student. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 先行词是表时间、地点、原因的名词时，关 系词的选择可根据： 1.分析句子成分。表时间、地点或原因的词 或短语如果在定语从句中作状语，就要用 关系副词。如果是作主语、宾语、表语， 就要用关系代词。 a.Meeting my uncle after parting for so many years is an unforgettable moment, which I will always treasure. b.Meeting my uncle after parting for so many years is an unforgettable moment, when/at which all of us cried and hugged each other. 2.如果定语从句中的动词 是及物动词 或及 物动词 短语，但后面没带宾语 ，就要用 关系代词which或that。如果是不及物动词 或不及物动词 短语，就要用关系副词 when, where, why。 a.This is the factory where/in which he worked when he was young. b.This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. c.Well never forget the days (which/that) we spent in the countryside. d.Well never forget the days when/in which we worked in the countryside. 限制性定语语从句 VS 非限制性定语语从句 1. Mary is our monitor, who is very friendly to us. 2.The students went to visit Miss Yang, whom they respect greatly. 3.The film Kingkong, which I saw three times, is well worth seeing. 4.The child, whose dog died yesterday, is still very depressed. 5.They went to the park, where they saw many flowers. 6.This house, for which he paid 150000, is now worth 300000. 7.He wasnt listening to me, which made me angry. 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 意义描述主句所涉及 的人或物的具体 情况，是主句不 可或缺的一部分 ，如果省去，主 句意义不完整。 对主句所描述的人 或物提供一些附加 情况，起补充说明 作用，即使省去， 主句意义仍完整。 形式 一般紧跟先行词 ，主句和从句不用 _隔开。 主句和从句之间有 _隔开。 功能修饰先行词 既可修饰先行词，也 可以修饰整个主句或 者主句的部分内容。 关系 代词 关系 副词 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 逗号 逗号 which, who, whom, that which, who, whom when, where, whywhen, where 注意： 1.that和why不可以用于引导非限制性定语 从句，要用which代替that，for which代 替why. 2.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾 语时可用who代替, 但是在非限制性定语 从句中做宾语时不可以用who来代替。 3.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可 省略，但是在非限制性定语从句中，所有 的关系词不可省略。 4.在翻译的时候，限制性定语从句先翻译从句， 后翻译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。在非限 制性定语从句中，先翻译先行词，再翻译从句 ，形成两个并列句。 She has an elder brother who works in hospital. 她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。 She has an elder brother, who works in hospital. 她有一个哥哥，他在医院工作。 All the students who study hard have passed the exam. All the students, who study hard, have passed the exam. as和which引导的非限制性定语从句 相同点： as 和which 都可以用来引导非限制性定 语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制 性定语从句位于句末且as 和which 在从句 中作主语宾语时，两者可互换。 eg: He married her , which / as was natural. 不同点： 1.as 引导的从句可位于句首，插在主句中或 主句后，而which引导的从句只能位于主 句后。 (1). The sun is bigger than the earth, _is known to everyone. (2) _ is known to all, the sun is bigger than the moon. (3) The sun, _ is known to all, is bigger than the moon. as/ which As as 2.as 在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的 被动语态，which在从句中作主语，后常 跟行为动词的主动式。 eg: She has been late again, _ was expected. Tom has made great progress, _ made us happy. as which 3. as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖， 而which引导的从句不受此限制。 eg: She has married again, _ was expected. She has married again, _ was unexpected. as/ which which 4 as 常用在一些固定结构中： as we know/ as is known to all 众所周知 as we all can see 正如我们大家都能看到的 那 样 as has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样 as has been said before 正如前文所述 1.Here are my neighbors _home was destroyed by the earthquake. 2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _were asleep. 3.The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything_ they could find. 4.Several days later most of the buildings_ had been damaged were repaired. whose who that/省略 which/that 5.There is a tall tree outside, _stands our teacher. 6.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. 7.He has two brothers, both of _ are college students. 8. Some children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. under which which whom where 9.Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten. 10. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily. 11. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. 12. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor. that/ 省略 that/ which who that 1. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a come-back, attracted a lot of attention. A.where B. when C. which D. who 2. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 3. In an hour, we can travel to p