《基础写作指导》PPT课件.ppt

阅卷程序 正式评卷开始前，先试评阅20篇作文，然后 与专家组对比自己的评卷结果，认真研究这 些试评文章，调整自己的标准。最后再次批 改经过重新排序的这20些文章，测试评卷员 的评分标准，出现的误差不能超过两分。试 评合格后，才可以进行正式阅卷。 基础写作采用小组长跟踪，阅卷老师一评的 办法进行 评分标准 语语 言 78 具有很好的语语言运用能力；语语 法和句子结结构准确性高，词汇词汇 方面使用较较好，只有少许错误许错误 。 56 具有较较好的语语言运用能力；语语 法和句子结结构准确性较较好，有 一些语语法结结构或词汇词汇 方面的 错误错误 ，但不影响理解。 34 语语言运用能力一般；语语法和句 子结结构基本正确，语语法结结构或 词汇词汇 方面的错误错误 不影响理解。 语语 言 12 语语言运用能力较较差；语语法和句子 结结构不够够准确, 语语法结结构或词汇词汇 方面的错误较错误较 多, 而且影响了对对 句子意义义的理解。 0语语言运用能力很差；语语法、句子 结结构、词汇错误词汇错误 很多, 句子意义义 无法理解。 备备注 每多或少些一个句子, 扣一分。 内 容 5包括了所有信息内容。 4包括了大部分信息内容。 3包括了基本信息内容。 2包括了小部分信息内容。 1包括了少许许信息内容。 0没有包括所提供的信息内容。 连连 贯贯 2内容连贯连贯 ，而且结结构紧紧凑。 1.5内容连贯连贯 性比较较好，而且结结构比 较紧较紧 凑。 1内容连贯连贯 性较较差，而且结结构不够够 紧紧凑。 0内容缺乏连贯连贯 性，而且结结构松散 。 备备注文不对题对题 ，给给0分 评分标准总结 1 具有很好的语言运用能力；语法 和句子结构准确性高 2 包括了所有信息内容 3 内容连贯，而且结构紧凑。 08-12年高考基础写作 仔细阅读一下高考基础写作，总 结历年高考基础写作的特点 你很荣幸地成为2008北京奥运会的一名志愿者 ，负责编写奥运比赛项目的英语介绍。 【写作内容】：请根据以下中文提纲，编写 射击项目的英语介绍： 背景：射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪末才 发展成为一项体育运动。 1896：第一次成为奥运项目 1904：中断 1928：中断 1932：重回奥运会 1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛 现状：稳步发展，1896奥运会只有三项射击 项目，现今有17项。 08年广东卷 你是校报小记者，最近进行了一次采访。以 下是这次采访的情况： 时间：上周末 对象：眼科医生(eye-doctor) 王教授 主题：我国中小学生近视(short- sightedness)问题 基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50% (2)人数：世界第一 专家解读：(1) 原因：很复杂 (2) 治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近 视 (3) 建议：不要过度用眼；多参加户 外活动 (4) 特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有 关 09年广东卷 以下是一则关于中国政府决定禁烟的报道 的主要内容。 内 容：公共场所禁烟 实施时间：2011年1月1日起 实施范围：全国 目 标：所有室内公共场所无烟 措 施：张贴禁烟标志 相关数据：（1）吸烟人数：约3.5亿 （2）分 布：男性75;女性：25 （3）受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿 （4）因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万/年二 手烟：second-hand smoke 10年广东卷 11年广东卷 以下是一本图书的基本信息及相关报道 基本信息： 书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作者：Amy Chua，美籍华人，耶鲁*大学教授 出版时间：2010年 内容：作者用中国传统方式教育两个女儿的故事 效应：引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论相关报 道：中文版：2011年初开始在中国销售意外 反应：多数中国妈妈不赞同作者的做法最新消 息：17岁的大女儿已被哈佛*和耶鲁录取 12年广东卷 你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇人物 介绍。 请根据以下信息，介绍一位传奇人物 姓 名：Allan Stewart 国 籍：澳大利亚 出生日期：1915年3月7日 世界纪录：2006年获硕士学位时年龄最大 学习态度：挑战自我，永远为时不晚。 第一个学位：1936年获得 第二个学位：医学博士 第三个学位：80多岁时决定学习法律，2006年获 得硕士学位。 第四个学位：2012年通过网络学习获得，善于合 理安排学习时间，受到老师表扬。 *硕士学位：masters degree; *博士：doctor 1、写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。 2、信息点多（7-9个信息点），没有设置 开放性考点。 3、信息呈现方式为中文提纲，文体为说 明文和应用文。 4、以翻译为基础、注重考察表达能力。 一、题型特点： 二、能力要求: 1 1、审题审题能力能力 2 2、处理处理信息的能力：信息的能力： 信息组合、排列合理信息组合、排列合理 3 3、表达表达能力能力 语法正确（包括时态，主谓一致）语法正确（包括时态，主谓一致） 句式灵活句式灵活 信息内容表达准确、完整信息内容表达准确、完整 语篇连贯语篇连贯 考生存在的主要问题 1.部分考生写漏信息点。 2.整体而言明显的语法错误偏多 单词 时态 主谓一致 常见词的用法错误 句子结构不完整 3.上下文的连贯性不够 4.用词简单，还停留在初中水平，句式单调 5.书写不清楚 从每天每个老师平均近1000份的阅 卷量来看,糟糕的书写给分数带来的 损失是显而易见的。 书写混乱的作文会让老师失去仔细 阅读的耐心，所以容易出现“冤假错 案”。 1、五年的基础写作范文中都使用了非谓语形式。 1）Born on March7,1915, Allan Stewart(2012) 2）A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother （2011） 3) Around 540million people are affected,causing 100,000 deaths.(2010) 4)half of the school children in our country are shortsighted, ranking the first in the world. (2009) 5) Shooting, originated as a means of survival, (2008) 范文解读 2、五年的基础写作范文中都使用了定语从句。 1） Amy Chua, a Chinese American and professor at Yale, who tells stories in her book about . （2011 年） 2）There are 350 million people smoking recently, in which the male hold 75 percent . （2010 年） 3） It is said that slightly more than 50% students, which ranks the first in the world, are short-sighted.（2009 年） 4）In his eighties, he decided to study law, after which he obtainedin 2006.(2012) 3、五年的基础写作范文中常使用了同位语。 1） Amy Chua, a Chinese American and professor at Yale. （2011 年） 2） I had an interview with ProfessorWang, an eye -doctor, concerning （2009 年） 3） Allan Stewart, an Australian, becomes .（2012 年） 4、五年的基础写作范文中使用了宾语从句，起 到一种过渡和导入的作用，加强文章的连贯感。 1) He believed that one is never too old to(2012) 2）A recent report says that Amys elder daughter, 17, has been accepted . （2011 年） 3） He also pointed out that the causes of shortsightedness are so complicated that . （2009 年） 2008年 高考真题 你很荣幸地成为2008北京奥运会的一名志愿者 ，负责编写奥运比赛项目的英语介绍。 【写作内容】：请根据以下中文提纲，编写 射击项目的英语介绍： 背景：射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪末才 发展成为一项体育运动。 1896：第一次成为奥运项目 1904：中断 1928：中断 1932：重回奥运会 1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛 现状：稳步发展，1896奥运会只有三项射击 项目，现今有17项。 Shotting, just a kind of living instructment in the beginning, became a sport until the late 1900s. In 1896, it became a part of Olympics Games, However, it had been stop since 1904 and came back to the Olyics until 1932. The 1968 Olympics is the frist time that allowed woment took part in shotting. Nowadays, it develeps fastily and has 14 more kinds of shooting than the frist time. 专家给分：分 给分理由：包括了所有信息内容；语言运用 能力一般，语法和句子结构基本准确，语法 结构或词汇方面的错误不影响理解；内容连 贯性比较好，而且结构比较紧凑。整段文字 单词拼写错误有个：shotting（shooting) ，instructment（instrument），frist（first ），fastily（fast）等。短语用错有：in the beginning（at the beginning）notuntil 等。时态语态错有：it has been stop. the 1968 Olymiscs is the frist time等。 定这篇作文为及格分，主要是这篇作文能用 英语简单句的基本句型去写句子。 Shooting was a tool for living once and became a spot event in the 19th centery. In 1896, shooting was started as an Olympic Game, but it stopped in 1904 and 1928. In1932, it came back to the Olympic. It was the first time for women to take part in the Olympic Games on shooting. Luckily, the event is developing quickly now, with only three event in 1896 Olympic Games and seventeen nowadays. 专家给分：12分。给分理由：包括了大部分信息内容（少了in 1969）；具有较好的语言运用能力，语法和句子结构准确性较 好，有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，如centery（century） ，但不影响理解；内容连贯性比较好（用了and和but），而且 结构紧密。 Shooting, just a tool for living originally, was not developed to a sport event until the late 19th century. It made its first appearance in the 1896 Olympics, but was paused in 1904 and 1928. Fortunately, shooting was back to the Olympic stage in 1932. And in 1968, women began to be admitted to the competitions in Olympics. Developing at stable pace, shooting is now expanded to have 17 events altogether, from merely three events in the 1896 Olympics. 专家给分：14分。给分理由：包括了所有信息内容；具有很 好的语言运用能力（notuntil, made its first appearance），语法和句子结构准确性高，词汇方面使用较 好（用了originally, expand merely），只有少许错误（ shooting is now expanded to have 17 events altogether ）；内容连贯，而且结构紧凑。 Initially, shooting is merely a tool for survival, and it is not until late 19th century that it became a kind of sport. In 1896,it was chosen to be an Olympic item for the first time, but unfortunately it was interrupted both in the year 1904 and 1928. To our great joy, in 1932, it was accepted by the Olympic Games again. In addition, women were qualified to participate in the Olympic shooting game for the first time in 1968. Nowadays, the shooting develops steadily, containing 17 items, while in 1896 the Olympic only had three shooting items. 评卷场老师评为满分15分 2012年 高考真题 姓 名：Allan Stewart 国 籍：澳大利亚 出生日期：1915年3月7日 世界纪录：2006年获硕士学位时年龄最大 学习态度：挑战自我，永远为时不晚。 第一个学位：1936年获得 第二个学位：医学博士 第三个学位：80多岁时决定学习法律, 2006年获 得硕士学位。 第四个学位：2012年通过网络学习获得, 善于合 理安排学习时间, 受到老师表扬。 *硕士学位：masters degree; *博士：doctor 考试院提供 参考范文 Allan Stewart, of Australian nationality, was born on March 7, 1915. He got his first degree in 1936 and then his second degree of Doctor of Medicine. He believed that one is never too old to challenge oneself. Therefore, in his eighties, he decided to study law, and in 2006 he set a world record for becoming the oldest person to get a masters degree. Because he was so good at arranging his study time, he got praise from his teacher, and in 2012 he managed to get his fourth degree by network learning. Version 1 Born on March 7, 1915, Allan Stewart, (who is) an Australian, become the oldest man to obtain a masters degree over the world in 2006. He believed that one is never too old to challenge oneself. He got his first degree in 1936 and then his doctors degree in medicine. In his eighties, he decided to study law, after which he obtained his third degree in 2006. In 2012, he managed to get his fourth degree by online learning and won praise from his teacher for his good time management in study. Version 2 考生作文 专家评分：6 考生作文 专家评分：8 考生作文 专家评分：9 考生作文 专家评分：9 考生作文 专家评分：12 考生作文 专家评分：14 考生作文 专家评分：15 能力要求: 1 1、审题审题能力能力 2 2、处理信息的能力：、处理信息的能力： 信息组合、排列合理信息组合、排列合理 3 3、表达能力、表达能力 语法正确（包括语法正确（包括时态时态，主谓一致），主谓一致） 句式灵活句式灵活 信息内容信息内容表达准确表达准确、完整完整 语篇连贯语篇连贯 假如你是李华， 正在国外求学， 租了一间公寓 ， 想寻找一个合租人。 地点：玫瑰街1号 房租总额：￥380/月 公寓情况：80平方米；两房一厅， 一厨一卫； 免费无线上网（wifi）邻近两大超市及公共图 书馆；交通便利， 步行5分钟至地铁站 合租人：有责任心，不抽烟 有意者请于下午6点后致电：5558-5916 表达能力训练 1.写好简单句 简单句的五种基本句型： 1）主语+不及物动词 (S+V) 2）主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+V+O) 3）主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P) 4）主语+及物动词+双宾语 (S+V+O+O) 5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C) Ex : 改正下列病句并指出基本句型。 1. The apartment including two bedrooms and a living room. 2. It nears two supermarkets and a library. 3. The future life will become more and more better. 4. We just need to take 5 minutes to reach the subway station. 5. He spends two hours to study English every night. _ 应改为includes _ 应改为is near _ _应改为better and better _ 应改为 It takes us _ 应改为studying 6. You should cost $380 for the rent. 7. He felt confused，he didnt know what to do. 8. He watched TV for a while before went to bed. 9. She is confidence and patience. 10. In his opinion, get fat is a terrible thing. _ 应改为pay _ 应改为. He或not knowing _ 应改为going / he went _ 应改为confident and patient _ 应改为getting fat 什么能当主语？ 1 名词、代词：books, it, nothing 2 动词不定式、动词ing形式： It is no fun working without playing. 3 形容词表一类人： The wounded were set to the hospital. 4 句子（主语从句） It doesnt matter what others say. Whether we will go hasnt been decided. 2、如何做到句式灵活？ 1)并列句 2)复合句 (定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句 ) 3)强调句型 4)非谓语动词 5)倒装句 6)其他句型及结构 句子的结构包括： 倒装结构、插入结构、否定结构、 it结构、强调结构、比较结构、 分词结构、独立结构、with复合结构等。 很多从句和非谓语动词短语能够相 互转化。 名词性从句可转化为非谓语动词短语 That John won the Marathon surprised us. Johns winning the Marathon surprised us. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint. I have not decided whether to vote for Clint. 定语从句可转化为非谓语动词短语 The apartment which covers an area of 380 square meters is located in No.1 Rose Street. The apartment, covering an area of 380 square meters, is located in No.1 Rose Street. The car that was repaired yesterday by him is my mothers. The car repaired yesterday by him is my mothers. The next train that arrives is from New York. The next train to arrive is from New York. 状语从句可转化为非谓语动词短语 After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn. When they are heated, metals expand. (When) Heated, metals expand. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. 开头多样化。 开头除了使用主语外,还可以用各种各样的结构。 Jogging every day, I soon increased my energy level.（现 在分词短语） Troubled by a dream, Tim woke up with a start.（过去分 词） To succeed in that course, you must attend every class.（ 不定式短语） In the scientific laboratory, Madame Curie was an industrious worker.（介词短语） 使用高级词汇或句式 1 its dangerous for students to go through the traffic. they are rising their lives when making their way among cars. 2 the students should be taught more about the traffic safety. it is of great significant to strengthen the safety education over the students. 3 The students all think he is great. He is thought highly of by the students. 4. As a result the plan failed. The plan turned out to be a failure. 5. You can find my house easily. youll have no trouble in finding my house. He came in, and there was a baby in his arms. He came in with a baby in his arms. 7. Because the whether is fine, many people go out for a walk. The whether being fine, many people go out for a walk. We should not become a crazy fans of celebrities. Instead, we should spend more time on study. We should focus not on chasing celebrities but on our study. 3. 运用好关连词语 (1)表起始：first of all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, as far asIm concerned, as you know。 (2)表递进：besides, whats more, moreover, furthermore, whats worse = to make things worse = worse still, in addition to。 (3)表并列：also, as well (as), or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, and, and then, bothand等。 (4)表因果：therefore, as a result (of), thanks to, due to, owing to等。 (5)表强调：above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, at least, obviously等。 (6)表解释：that is to say, in