2015英语基础写作-句子结构分析.ppt

高中英语写作基础 句子结构分析 什么是句子？ 无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词） ，而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个 句子。 I am tired. The bird in the cage which I bought yesterday 要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能 有一个谓语。 句子成分的构成 句子的主干成分： 主语（S - subject）谓语（V -verb） 宾语（O - object）表语（P - predicative 句子的次要成分： 定语（Attri-attribute） 状语（Adv- adverb） 补语（Oc - object complement） 句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 句子成分练习题( 二 ) 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分： 1.Whether well go depend on the weather . 2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily . 3. That was how they were defeated. 4.The nursery takes good care of our children . 5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow . 6.We are sure that we shall succeed . 7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . 8.There are many film that Id like to see. 9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10.I have a lot of work to do . Anyway I wont stop you from doing it . 11.I said it in fun . 12.We can send a car over to fetch you . She had to work standing up . 13.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 14.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try . 15.The bus arrived ten minutes late . We should serve the people heart and soul. 简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子. He often reads English in the morning. 并列句: 简单句+并列连词+简单句 Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 常用的连词有and,or,for,but,yet,while,so, notonlybutalsoneithernoreitheror 复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。 从句包括名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句 等 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 句子的分类 如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该 分别有自己的主语和谓语。不要把从句 的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的 谓语当成从句的谓语. 典型错误： 1)Those who eat too much will easily ill. Those who eat too much will easily get ill. 2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired. 3）When I at school, I studied very hard. When he was walking in the park, he felt a little tired. When I was at school, I studied very hard. Exercises 判断句型 l1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. l2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰 整个句子) (复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语 从句) l3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. l4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. l5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? 简单句 复合句 简单句 6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 并列句 复合句 简单句 9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 并列句 复合句 简单句 简单句 简单句的五种句型 1）SV 主语谓语 eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died. 2) SVP 主语谓语表语 eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist. 3) SVO 主语谓语宾语 eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play. 4)SVOiOd 主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语 eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle. 5) SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语 eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep. *在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有 及物动词与不及物动词的区别。 .简单句 1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓 主 + 谓 + 表 主 + 谓 + 宾 主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let him go. Practice 主 + 谓 主 + 谓 + 表 主 + 谓 + 宾 主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 写一个完整的句子 这几句是正确的句子吗? 如果你认为有 误, 该怎么改? 1.The meeting will until 3:00. 2.Work hard, you will succeed. 3.I have a brother, who is a doctor. 4. There are only 4 students take part in the class. last and who taking/to take 5. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you. 6. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. 7. Listen! Someone knocking at the door. 8. He told me dont call him before 9 oclock. 9. Do your parents allow you make your own decision? hear is not to to 10. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily. 11. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference. 12. In Japan, a person sees the “OK” gesture may think it means money. 13. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song. who passed 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。 典型错误： 1)The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper. The old man likes to take a walk in the village after supper. 2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee. I enjoy talking with him over a cup of coffee. 3) The boy ran to his mother cry. The boy ran to his mother crying. 4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall. After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall. After he wrote the notice, h e put it up on the wall. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子 1.Birds can fly. 2. The birds in the cage which I bought Yesterday. 3. Wait for me at the station. 4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh . 5. A way of saying “Im sorry” 6. Patting the stomach before a meal 7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store. 8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home 9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space. 10.Happy birthday. 请分析下列句子结构： 1.I saw Miss Li walking with his friends in the street yesterday. 2.They said thing is that that ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. 3.In Africa, I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break and said, when I spoke t o him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 4.We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your school, and that the costs of living of young men while with you, would be very expensive. l1. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. lA. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn l2. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away? lA. andB. then C. or D. otherwise l3. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. lA. arrivingB. to arrive lC. having arrived D. and arrived l4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. lA. whom B. where C. which D. while l5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that l6. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be. A. that B, whom C. what D. who l7. _ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. He would ask D. He had been asked 8. _ the days went on, the situation there got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As l9. Who do you think the doctor will have _ first, John or Kate? A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examined l10. She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us. A. which B. it C. as D. who l11. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is l12. She is American, _ she knows little about American history. A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore l13. _ the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. A. Read B. Reading C. If reading D. When you read l14. _, so he didnt come to school last week. A. Though he was ill B. Being ill C. Having been ill D. He was ill 句子成分练习题( 三 ) A组 1._ six years since I began to study English. A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 _ in the room at that time. A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are 3 ITS very noisy outside. _ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 4、 _ in English in class every day is important. A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell 5 、There must be_ near the factory. A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores 6 、Although its raining hard, _ are still working in the fields. A. but they B. and they C. they D.since they B组 1.The doctor as well as the nurses _great concern for the patients. A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 2.Your son must be a clever boy, _ he? A. is B. isnt C. must D. mustnt 3.The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among students in this school. A.open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 4 、I _ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home. A. mustnt B. had to C. cant D. neednt 5 、Dont _ excited. A. get B. is C. seem D. look 6 This room _ every morning. A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. Cleans D. cleaning C 组：1、 Glad to meet you! _ is your full name? A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 2、 He is _ to lift the heavy box. A. too weak B. weak too C. enough weak D. weak enough 3、 The days are _ warmer and warmer in spring. A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 4 、His job is_English. A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches 5 、Two balls are_. A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desks 基础写作四重奏: 1.确定主题人称，时态，要点: 确定哪些 相关的信息可用一句话表达, 可将不同的信 息进行整合(完整性) 2. 列出关键词组和句型 (准确性) 3. 串联句子: 用正确的语法结构写出准确的 句子, 并形成篇章 (连贯性) 4.检查(准确性) 请用英文写一篇文章介绍你的的英语老师 1.李莎， 女，英语老师, 22岁， 1.65米， 身材苗条, 装扮入时。 2 性格活泼， 爱唱爱跳， 爱开玩笑。 3 教学方法生动活泼，常做游戏，精讲多 练。 4 与学生关系融洽，曾深受同学欢迎； 5.如今常与你通过电子邮件交流英语学习。 步骤一：确定主题时态，人称， 要点 1.时态：一般现在时 2.人称：第三人称 3.要点： 1 ）李莎， 女， 22岁， 1。65米，身材苗 条，装扮入时。性格活泼， 爱唱爱跳， 爱开玩笑。 2 ）教学方法生动活泼，常做游戏，精讲 多练。与学生关系融洽，深受同学欢迎 ； 5 ）常与学生通过电子邮件和网上聊天交 流。 2. activelikesplay jokes 3. be lively and interesting play games, not speak much, leaves more time 4. get on well wit