2017届高考英语二轮专题复习代词讲义.docx

代词【考纲解读】代词是高中英语的难点,又是高考的重点和热点。英语中的代词种类繁多,有人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词等。主要考点: 1.代词的分类; 2.人称代词的格,物主代词的用法;3.指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法。 今后高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进:加强语境的真实性和复杂性,注意人称代词和物主代词的语境判别;加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。 【考点纵横】2016年全国卷2015年新课标卷20152016年地方卷目前 这么考 全国卷(物主代词his) 全国卷(物主代词our) 全国卷(反身代词myself) 新课标卷(物主代词its;物主代词our) 2016年四川(物主代词) 2016年浙江(人称代词) 2015年重庆(不定代词) 2015年天津(指示代词) 2015年陕西(指示代词) 2015年福建(不定代词) 2015年浙江(it指代从句) 今后 怎么考 高考主要考查在给定的上下文中运用代词、不定代词和替代词的能力。命题主要出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中,侧重在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别【考题导引】1(2016全国，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother.答案与解析：its 根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively threemonthold twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。 2(2016全国，短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books._答案与解析：your -our 考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。 3(2016全国，短文改错)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot._ 答案与解析：Many-much 考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。 4(2016全国，短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself._答案与解析：yourself-myself 根据句意，此处指“我自己”。 5(2016浙江，3)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from_in the UK.答案与解析：that 考查代词。句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the education system。 【知识网络】【知识梳理】一、人称代词形式句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they主要用作主语，有时用作表语宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。二、物主代词形式句法功能形容词性物主代词my, our, your, his, her, its, their作定语名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs作主语、宾语或表语He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。三、反身代词形式句法功能myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves作宾语、表语或同位语The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。名师指津含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself 独自地 for oneself 亲自come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself 自己穿衣behave oneself 举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于 help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座，入座make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学adapt/ adjust oneself to 适应于四、指示代词指示代词用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。Is James coming tonight?I think so, but Im not sure.詹姆斯今晚会来吗？我想会的，但我不能肯定。五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法不定代词用法each/both/alleach指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”none/nothingnone表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事”anotheranother泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”other/othersother泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other可数名词复数othersthe other/the othersthe other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the other可数名词复数the othersAs the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to me.因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?Im sorry. Neither will suit me. Ill be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。(二)复合不定代词的用法某任何每个；所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingThere is something in his words. We should have a try.他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013安徽高考单选)这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有a little修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多Few of us can speak four foreign languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。六、it的用法1it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2it指时间、距离、天气等。Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。3it 用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without .为真正的主语)No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语，动词不定式to go for .为真正的宾语)He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where . 为真正的宾语)知识积累常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that .真可惜/丢人It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看起来It looks/seems as if/though . 看起来好像It happens that . 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that .某人突然想起It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that . 据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间主语表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely/count on等)itthat/if/when .I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. As is known to us all, he is so stubborn.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此固执。【考点突破】考点1 考查人称代词，物主代词和反身代词 考题精练 1.(2016全国)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it)mother.2.(2016全国改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 答案：1. its2. your 改为our 注意: 形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father“她的父亲”。 “of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine“我的一个朋友”。 She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么了。 He didnt use his ink. He used mine. 他没有用他自己的墨水,他用了我的(墨水)。 He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。 考点2 考查it的用法 考题精练 1.(2015浙江)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?2.(2014大纲)Whos that at the door? is the milkman. 答案：1. it2. It注意： 1.it作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词或从句。 Its no use arguing with him.与他争辩是没有用的。 2.注意下列句型中的it。 (1)It is+时间段+since.自从以来多久了 (2)It was+时间段+before+过去时 多久以后才 (3)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时 多久之后才能 (4)It wont be long before.不久就 (5)It is/was+被强调部分+that. (6)It is (high) time that sb should do/did. 到了的时候了 (7)It be (just) like sb to do.像某人做某事的风格 (8)It be+the+序数词+time+that.这是某人第几次做 (9)I dislike it when.我讨厌 (10)I would appreciate it if.如果我感激不尽 (2014陕西)Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来我将感激不尽。考点3 考查none，nothing，no one的区别 考题精练 1.(2015四川)Niki is always full of ideas, butis useful to my knowledge. 【答案与解析】none句意:Niki总是有很多想法,但是据我所知,没有一个想法有用。本题强调在Niki的众多想法中没有一个有用,即强调数量。none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。 2.(2012江西)My brother would like to buy a good watch butwas available from that shop. 【答案与解析】none句意:我哥哥想买一块好表,可是那家商店里没有。本题强调在那家商店里没有一块我哥哥想买的那种好手表,即强调数量。none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。 注意： 1.none可与由of连接的人或物组成短语,而nothing,no one不可。 None of us went to the concert last night.昨天晚上我们中没有一个人去听音乐会。 2.none可以用来回答How many.或How much.的问题,而no one (nobody)和nothing则分别用来回答Who.和What.的问题。 How many students in your class went to the lecture?你们班有多少学生去听报告了? None.一个也没有。 Who did you see enter the lonely house?你看见谁进了那幢偏僻的房子吗? Nobody.一个人都没进。 3.none可以指代前面提到的人或物;no one (nobody)和nothing没有这种用法。 He has a brother,but I have none.他有一个兄弟,而我一个也没有。 考点4 考查none，neither，all，both，either，any的区别 考题精练 1.(2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions. 【答案与解析】neither根据题干中的two reports和but可知,此处表示“两者都不”,所以用neither。 2.(2014江西)When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon? .Ill be in all day. 【答案与解析】Either根据题干可知是在上午和下午这两种情况中做出选择。either表示两者中选择其一。 注意： 1.none表示“三者或三者以上都不”;neither表示“两者都不”。 2.all表示“三者或三者以上都”;both表示“两者都”。 3.any表示“三者或三者以上中任何一个”;either表示“两者中任何一个”。 Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life.尽管Rosemary多年来遭受严重疾病的折磨,但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。 Neither of the two boys is/are clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。 None of the boys is/are clever. 没有一个男孩是聪明的。 He has two boys. Both of them are clever. 他有两个儿子。他们都聪明。 All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那儿。 考点5 考查another，（the）other，（the）others的区别 考题精练 1.(2015陕西)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the. 【答案与解析】other表示“两者中的一个另一个”用one.the other.结构。 2(2014福建)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks. 【答案与解析】otherssome.others.是固定用法,意为“一些另一些”,others在此处指代other countries。 注意： 1.other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词。 Ill come again some other day.我改日再来。 2.another用于泛指三者或三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”,所修饰名词前不加冠词。 I dont want this one.Please give me another.我不想要这一个,请给我另一个。 3.the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。 She has two children.One is a boy;the other is a girl.她有两个孩子,一个是男孩,另一个是女孩。 4.others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。 Some say yes,and others say no.有人说对,有人说不对。 5.the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。 There are fifty students in our class.Thirty of us are girls;the others are boys.我们班有五十个学生,三十个是女生,其余的是男生。考点6 考查不定代词 考题精练 1.(2015重庆)The meeting will be held in September , but knows the date for sure. 【答案与解析】nobody句中的 but表转折,所以此处应指“但没人知道确切日期”,填nobody。 2.(2014大纲) I think Mrs Stark could be between 50 and 60 years of age. 【答案与解析】anywhere本题中含有固定搭配anywhere between.and.,意为“数目在之间”,该固定搭配也可用anywhere from.to.表示。注意：some, any, every, no常与-one,-body,-thing构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有something,anything,nothing,everything,someone=somebody,everyone=everybody,anyone=anybody等。 some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中,any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时,表示希望得到肯定回答。any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何”之意。由-one和-body构成的复合不定代词通常可以互换使用。 (2014安徽)You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。 考点7 考查one，that，it，those的区别 考题精练 1.(2015天津)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools. 【答案与解析】that此处that指代前面的The quality of education。 2.(2013浙江)Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. 【答案与解析】those此处those指代people who are surveyed in 16 counties。 3.(2012四川)New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 【答案与解析】it此处为“make+it+adj.+to do”结构。其中it作形式宾语,替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。4.(2012辽宁)If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me? 【答案与解析】onepaper作“报纸”讲时是可数名词。结合情景,说话人要对方给自己捎一份报纸,也就是a paper,替代单数可数名词,用one。注意： 1.it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,而one所代替的是同类事物中的“一个”,one=a/an+名词,它可以用来代替可数名词单数,其复数形式是ones。 I cant find my pen.Do you see it?我找不到我的钢笔了。你看见它了吗? I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.我需要一辆自行车,可我没钱买。 2.that=the+名词,它既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,它所代替的也是同类事物。His behavior was not that of a gentleman.他的行为不是正人君子的行为。3.those替代上文中提到的复数名词,既可指人,也可指物,those指人时,后须跟定语。At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.在我们厂里,有一些类似于这本杂志里描述的机器。【真题感悟】1(2016全国，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother.2(2016全国，短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books._3(2016全国，短文改错)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot._4(2016全国，短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself._5(2016全国，阅读D)No news is good news, and good news is no news._are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.6(2016北京，阅读A)For the first time, I feel good about _ (me) because Im doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.7(2016四川，七选五)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.However, women, on average, live longer.In general, _can expect to live six or seven years more than men.8(2016四川，短文改错)When my father came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand._9(2016浙江，3)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from_in the UK.10.(2015浙江，12)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?11(2015重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.12(2015陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.13(2015四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but_is useful to my knowledge.14(2015天津，2)The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.15(2015福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.16(2014安徽，24)You can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand.17(2014江西，32)When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?_.Ill be in all day.18(2014四川，1)Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.19(2014重庆，1)A smile costs _，but gives much.20(2014山东，4)Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.1its根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively threemonthold twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。2yourour考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。3manymuch考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。4yourself myself根据句意，此处指“我自己”。5Those/These根据句意：没消息就是好消息，好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早报来说，这是(那是)经典法则。指代前面的两句话。6myself根据句意：第一次，我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好，而不是因为别人告诉我做得好。7they根据句意：女人平均比男人活得年龄长，总体来说，她们有望比男人多活六七年。此处用they代替前文的women。8herhis从句主语是my father, 因此物主代词形式用his。9that考查代词。句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the education system。10.it句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达how would you like it if.，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。11nobody句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody没有人，符合句意。12other句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one.the other.。13none句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。14that句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的quality of education要用that，为了避免重复，可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。15neither句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。16Everyone考查不定代词。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予你帮助。根据前句中的anyone，可知填everyone。17Either根据“in the morning or afternoon”“我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either。18neither题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过，可是这两座城市她都不喜欢，就搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither(两者都不)。19nothing考查不定代词用法。句意：微笑虽然不用花费什么，但意义却是巨大的。20it句意：苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)If you know me well, you would know I dont like birthday parties. At least, I