外文翻译---如何发展我国的机械自动化技术.doc

大连交通大学信息工程学院2012届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译How to develop Chinas machinery automation technologyThere is a technical policy, we should seek truth from facts, everything from Chinas specific national conditions, and do a good job in the basic work of China, and go the road of development of mechanical automation techniques.1combined with the situation of our country, the development of the modern mechanical automation techniquesDomestic and foreign industrial history tells us, realize the mechanical automation is by elementary to advanced, from simple to complex, from imperfect to perfect the development process. When the operation of the machine adopts the automatic controller, mode of production from the mechanization gradually transition to the mechanical control ( traditional ) automation, digital automation control, computer control and automation. The only established factory automation, production process to be fully automated, can make the productivity improving, automation to achieve the advanced phase.Mechanical automation techniques from this century 20 time first in machinery manufacturing cold processing of large quantities of production process began to develop applications, after 60 time to meet the needs of the market and change, in order to enhance the mechanical manufacturing industry on the market and flexible quick response ability, begin to build the variability of automated production systems, namely around the computer technology of flexible automation. It is in the manufacturing system is unchanged or changed under the condition of low, equipment or production management process through the automatic detection, information processing, analysis and judgment automatically achieve the desired operation or a process, and can automatically from the manufacture of a part to create another kind of different parts. Social practice has proved, this definition of manufacturing automation and most of the contemporary enterprise actual incompatibility. Contemporary society is not in science and technology, material and personnel ready to make the automation conditions, insist on doing so only perceptibly. In the case of discrete production machinery manufacturing industry is not exceptional also, difficulty will be greater.Our country serves as a developing country, considering all the technical problems of production when the premise must be applied. Chinas absorption of foreign flexible manufacturing system ( Pseudo-FMS ), is to ensure that the necessary production flexibility under the premise, optimization of man-machine interface, not excessive pursuit of automation, as far as possible to establish perfect information system, to fully develop the computer management benefit. System of advanced automation equipment and general equipment system coexist, certain link allows the manual intervention. This is a typical combined with national conditions, the implementation of advanced principles of automation technology solutions. Tracking of foreign advanced technology, combined with the actual development, promotion and development of suitable for the national conditions of our country CIMS technique is necessary. Now our country should in the digestion and absorption, interconnect international useful automation technology on the basis of the theory, we do from the mechanical manufacturing industry of our country s actual situation, development innovation, formed with the national characteristics of the development of automation technology theory and doctrine, carried around computer technology flexible automation technology research and development, as the prerequisite to apply what, need solves what enterprise application project, obtain practical experience of application. Foreign ( such as the European medium developed country ) currently development is local integration, such as CAD / CAPP / CAM integration, CAD integration with MIS, MIS and MHS integration. Execute benefit drive policy, investment with the ability to support, to the future when the condition is mature implementation suitable for Chinas national conditions and characteristics of moderate integration enterprise.2combined with the practical production, pay attention to the practical development of mechanical automation techniquesAdvanced manufacturing technology of all true meaning lies in application. The development of mechanical automation technology, should be the enterprises production and technology development of the actual needs and specific requirement oriented. Only on the right products adopting automation mode of production, so we can get good technical and economic benefit and social economic benefit. Chinas development of mechanical automation technology, should combine theory with practice, pay attention to practical, which produces to national economy actual benefits. The blind do automation, automatic line, annual production task only required 1 to2 months to finish the low loading rate of production is also to tend to the national economy should be corrected, do not produce significant promotion, inefficient to slow up. What we want is a benefit, not only speed. Only with NC machine tool as an example, in 1958 China began the study of NC machine tools CNC technology. From 70 to the early 80s, our country the development of CNC machine tools and lack of a clear strategic thinking, how to solve our country manufacturing technology in which the major technical problems, does not seem to be very clear, with a strong technology of color technology, emphasis on speed, ignoring the efficiency, resulting in a lot of CNC machine tools only samples, exhibits, fails to provide the goods, for the actual production. In the mid 70s successful development of CNC machine tools, CNC non circular gear shaper in addition, NC split cone milling machine can provide goods used in production, quite a lot of NC machine tool failure of normal goods, and even some CNC machine eventually scrapped. In the late 80and the eight five plan period, Chinas CNC machine tool automation technology development is rapid, but in zigzags. The reasons for this situation is many sided, but mainly in the development strategy with error: host key back when the main domestic market, did not meet the needs of production the development of CNC machine tool automation technology, the result is a CNC machine tool breed although many, and structural properties of repeated more, affected the automation of CNC machine tools in the practical application; CNC system research progress discomfort, host and matching pieces of quality, but also with homebred change of rate rise, so that the reliability of the machine tool is reduced, quality problems emerge in an endless stream, users reflect the be besieged on all sides. In the NC machine tool, can be used normally, can not normal use and cant use each accounted for 1/3. While the normal and stable operation of the NC machine tool utilization rate is very low also. Of the above, it has affected our country machinery automation technology development and application.3 the development of less investment, quick and low cost automation technologyDevelopment of low cost automation technology, potential is great, perspective is wide, investment province, get effective fast, improve the degree of automation, can receive the twice the result with half the effort effect to the economy, for our country present stage development needs and characteristics. 90 time American Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposed lean production LP ( Lean Production ) model, is with the smallest investment, maximize output specific performance. Japan Toyota company adopts the timely production of JIT ( Just In Time ), total quality management TQC (Total Quallty Control ) and group technology ( Group Technology GT ), flexible operations and respect for humanity as the pillar of the lean production mode, so that the degree of automation is not high the factory achieved good benefit. The Finland NOKOA Data machine factory assembly workshop has a makes 286,386 and486 microcomputer flexible production line, it does not fully automated equipment, interspersed by means of computer guided artificial participation, will new and high technology and original technology skillfully combined together, thus the production cost the lower, while having a flexible manufacturing system performance. In fact lean production itself means from the national conditions and the actual situation.Universal machine local automation modification has important significance. In our country in future of low cost, convenient repair general machine tool requirement or not declined sharply, because a majority of the market town and township enterprises, small factories, laboratories, workshops and other large-scale enterprises tool. At present our country machinery manufacturing enterprises have all kinds of general machine tools up to about 3200000 units, of which there are many high performance production equipment, but due to the lack of the necessary auxiliary device, control device, to realize the automatic cycle device, and the degree of automation equipment is very low. If for some machine tools to increase or configuration such as automatic feeding device, cutting tools and machine tool automatic work cycle system, can achieve single process automation or semi-automation; for some such as semiautomatic multi cutter lathe, hydraulic copying lathe, grinder and gear processing machine, configure automatic bin and a workpiece automatic loading and unloading device, can realize the process automation. Universal machine tool automation modification, is the realization of mass production of single or automated production line automation is one of the important ways, in the product update frequent variety and mass production, the economy to improve the degree of automation, but also has good economic effect.如何发展我国的机械自动化技术这里有个技术政策问题，应实事求是，一切从我国的具体国情出发，做好各项基础工作，走中国的机械自动化技术发展之路。1 结合我国国情，发展现代机械自动化技术国内外的工业发展史告诉我们，实现机械自动化是一个由低级到高级、由简单到复杂、由不完善到完善的发展过程。当机器的操作采用自动控制器后，生产方式才从机械化逐步过渡到机械控制（传统）自动化、数字控制自动化、计算机控制自动化。只有建立了自动化工厂后，生产过程才能全盘自动化，才能使生产率全面提高，达到自动化的高级理想阶段。机械自动化技术从本世纪20年代首先在机械制造冷加工大批量生产过程中开始发展应用，60年代后为适应市场的需求和变化，为增强机械制造业对市场灵活快速反应的能力，开始建立可变性自动化生产系统，即围绕计算机技术的柔性自动化。它是在制造系统不变或变化较小的情况下，机器设备或生产管理过程通过自动检测、信息处理、分析判断自动地实现预期的操作或某种过程，并能够自动地从制造一种零件转换到制造另一种不同的零件。社会实践证明，这种定义下的制造系统自动化与当代大多数企业的实际不相容。当代社会还没有在科学技术、物质和人员方面准备好实现这一自动化的条件，硬要这么做只会事倍功半。这种情况对于离散生产方式的机械制造业也不例外，难度会更大些。我国作为一个发展中国家，考虑一切生产技术问题时的前提必须是适用。我国消化吸收国外柔性制造系统（Pseudo-FMS），是要在确保必要的生产柔性的前提下，优化人机界面，不过分追求自动化，尽可能建立较为完善的信息系统，充分发展计算机管理的效益。系统中先进的自动化装备和普通设备并存，系统的某些环节允许人工干预。这是一个典型的结合国情、实施适用先进方针的自动化技术解决方案。 跟踪国外先进技术发展，结合实际地研制、推广和发展适合我国国情的CIMS技术是必要的。我国目前应在消化吸收、融汇贯通国际上有用的自动化技术理论的基础上，努力做到从我国机械制造业的实际情况出发，发展创新，形成有国情特征的发展自动化技术理论和学说，进行围绕计算机技术的柔性自动化技术开发研究，以适用为前提，急需什么就解决什么的企业应用项目，取得实践经验再推广应用。国外（如欧洲中等发达国家）目前发展的也是局部集成，如CADCAPPCAM的集成，CAD与MIS的集成，MIS与MHS的集成等。实行效益驱动的政策，投资上有能力支持，待将来条件成熟时实现适合我国国情及企业特点的适度集成。2 结合生产实际，注重实用发展机械自动化技术先进制造技术的全部真谛在于应用。发展机械自动化技术，应以企业的生产和技术发展的实际需要及具体条件为导向。只有对合适的产品采用与之相适应的自动化方式进行生产，才能收到良好的技术经济效益和社会经济效益。我国发展机械自动化技术，应结合实际，注重实用，即对国民经济产生实际效益。那种盲目搞自动化、搞自动线的做法，全年生产任务只需12个月就完成的低负荷率生产也要搞的倾向应当纠正，对国民经济不产生显著促进、效率低下的要缓搞。我们要的是效益，而不单纯是速度。 仅以数控机床为例，1958年我国开始研究数控机床NC技术。7080年代初期，我国发展数控机床缺乏明确的战略思想，究竟解