天津专版2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练第16练自然与环保类二.docx

第16练 自然与环保类（二）高考高频单词与短语识记排查单词识记：shortage urban advocate ecofriendlypreserve province smog challengemountain prevent conservation damagedecorate situation smell disappearancedestroy purpose recycle environment短语扫描：prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人/物做某事in turn 依次；反过来；转而lead to 导致；致使low carbon 低碳的global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应take action/measures/steps采取行动/措施attach great importance to.十分重视be linked with 与有联系be faced with 面临跟踪训练.语境填词1The (short) of cotton kept the prices up.2I dont like pubs.Theyre noisy， (smell)，and whats more，expensive.3With no one to turn to in such a frightening (情形)，she felt very helpless.4Aimed at a higher target，the task is more (challenge)5In the (damage)house the firefighters saved a lot of injured people，but they couldnt be sent to hospital because of the blocked road.单项填空6China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.Aattacking Bhaving attackedCbeing attacked Dhaving been attacked7While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything .Ain return Bin commonCin turn Din place8At minus 130 a living cell can be for a thousand years.Aspared BprotectedCpreserved Ddeveloped9Childrens curiosity may many useful inventions.Alead to Btake placeCgather in Dbring away10Chinese culture a particularly high value to the idea that families should live together.(2016江苏镇江期中)Acharges BpointsCpresents Dattaches知识运用与阅读能力专练.完形填空(2017湖北沙市中学模拟)That holiday morning I didnt have to attend school.Usually，on holiday，mother 1 me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.On this particular morning， 2 ，I felt like getting up early.I stood by my window overlooking the 3 ，having nothing better to do.But as it turned out，I was soon to learn about something 4 in life.As I watched several people go by，get into their cars and drive off，I 5 an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its 6 and a basket of rags and bottles on its backcarriage.He 7 from one car to another，washing and cleaning them.From the water on the ground，it seemed that he had already 8 washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars.He must have begun to work quite early in the morning.Several thoughts 9 my mind as I watched him work.He wasnt welldressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a(n) 10 Tshirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern 11 would want to be seen riding on.But he seemed 12 with life.There he was，working hard at his small business 13 at passersby and stopping to chat now and then 14 elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.There was a noticeable touch of 15 in the way he seemed to be doing things 16 the windscreen(挡风玻璃)，then standing back to admire it，scrubbing(擦净)the wheel and 17 ，standing back to see what they looked like after the scrub.It was a 18 to learn，I felt.At no age need one have to beg for a 19 if one has good health and is willing to work hard.For a while I felt 20 of myself.Young as I amjust sixteen，and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.1A.forces BallowsCcauses Dforbids2A.otherwise BthereforeChowever Dbesides3A.parking lot Bbus stopCschool Dmarket4A.interesting BsurprisingCawful Duseful5A.noticed BrecognizedCcalled Dassisted6A.back BhandleCwheel Dseat7A.searched BleftCmoved Dwandered8A.stopped BstartedCintended Dfinished9A.crossed BslippedCdisturbed Dinspired10A.attractive BshinyCsimple Dexpensive11A.repairmen BbusinessmenCdrivers Dcyclists12A.busy BcontentCcareful Dbored13A.waving BlookingClaughing Dpointing14A.about BforCwith Dlike15A.worry BrespectCsympathy Dpride16A.cleaning BfixingCreplacing Dcovering17A.still ByetCagain Dsoon18A.lesson BsubjectCskill Dfact19A.business BlivingCsuccess Dright20A.tired BdoubtfulCfearful Dashamed.阅读理解(2016浙江温岭市模拟)Business is often seen as the “bad guy” in environmental matters because people feel that businesses will do anything to make a profit.Unluckily，this is too often the case.Many business people，in fact，believe that they cannot make a profit and be kind to the environment at the same time.However，it does not necessarily have to be this way.Using common business strategies，companies have found ways to become environmentally friendly，or “green”，and increase their profits at the same time.One such strategy that businesses use is known as “product differentiation.” This term means that a company advertises the fact that its product is different from other similar products.A number of environmentally friendly companies have done this successfully.For example，in marketing their products，organic food companies emphasize the organic aspect.That is，they highlight the fact that no chemicals have been used to grow the food，and so it is better for consumers health and for the environment.These days，many consumers are looking for products that have no negative health or environmental effects.Another “green” business strategy that has been successful is waste reduction.Many companies have regarded waste and pollution as a necessary part of the production process.They have done little to prevent either waste or pollution，unless there are laws that force them to.However，other companies have realized that there are surely some advantages to reducing waste and pollution.Less waste and less pollution means a more efficient production process.The 3M Company in the United States is a good example of this.In 1975，it started a program that rewarded employees for successful ideas about how to reduce waste and prevent pollution.This program has helped the company pollute much less and save more than half a billion dollars.Some companies have taken the idea of waste prevention even further and have become “zerowaste” companies.That means they produce no waste at all because everything from the production process is used or recycled.Asahi Breweries of Japan，for example，sends the waste from its beer production to farms to be used as animal feed.The plastic and cardboard pieces left over from packaging are all recycled，too.Finally，companies can become “greener” by planning for a “greener” future.For example，two energy companies，Royal Dutch/Shell and British Petroleum，have started to invest in renewable energy sources，such as solar，wind，or hydrogen energy.Shell is also working with DaimlerChrysler，an automobile company，and the government of Iceland on a special project to make Iceland the first country with a hydrogenbased economy.Other multinational companies have also realized that global warming and climate change could hurt their business，and they have decided to cut down the amount of harmful gases that their factories produce.Of these，Dupont is one of the leaders.It aims by 2020 to reduce harmful gases by 65 percent from the 2010 amounts.It also plans to limit its energy use to 2010 levels and to use renewable sources of energy for 10 percent of all the energy it uses.21How can businessmen make profits without doing much harm to the environment?ABy carrying out some strategies.BBy marketing their products.CBy competing with other companies.DBy advertising the strengths of products.22Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?AMany companies care little about reducing waste despite the laws.BAll companies actively participate in the waste reduction campaign.CSome companies have realized that they can benefit from less pollution.DEmployees in the 3M Company are rewarded for any idea about pollution.23Asahi Breweries is an example of companies that .Ause animal feed to make beerBmake no profitsChave reduced waste and pollutionDproduce no waste at all24We can infer from the last paragraph that many companies .Astop producing harmful gasesBare already “zerowaste” companiesChave abandoned traditional energy resourcesDwill take action to become environmentally friendly25Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(Paragraph 1；Paragraph 2；Paragraph 3；Paragraph 4；Paragraph 5)答案解析高考高频单词与短语识记排查跟踪训练.1.shortage2.smelly3.situation4.challenging 5damaged.6.C根据题干中出现的“prevent Chinese fishing boats from ”可知此处考查prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.结构。根据句意可判断渔船应该是“被攻击”，故应选择动名词的被动形式，从而排除表示主动形式的A、B两项；D项having been attacked为动名词的完成被动式，表示动作已完成，而题干句意并未表明渔船已经受到了攻击，故排除D项。正确答案为C。7A考查介词短语辨析。句意为：当James住在村子里的时候，他无私地同村民们分享了他拥有的一切，没有要求任何东西作为回报。in return作为回报，符合句意。in common共有，公有； in turn反过来，轮流；in place在正确位置。8C句意为：在零下130摄氏度，一个活细胞可以保存一千年。preserve保存，符合题意。9A句意为：儿童的好奇心会引出许多有用的发明。lead to导致；take place发生；gather in收集；bring away带着(某个记忆、回忆)回来。根据句意选A项。10D句意为：中国文化特别重视这种观点，即家人应该生活在一起。attach value to sth.为固定短语，意为“重视，认为有价值”。charge充电，收费，要价，指控，控告；point指向，表明；present呈现，展示，陈述。知识运用与阅读能力专练.完形填空语篇解读 某假日的早晨，作者起得早早的。窗外停车场上，一位普通洗车工忙碌而怡然自得的情景令他悟得人生之真谛：身体棒，肯劳动，就会成为有用之人！1B句意为：通常在假期，母亲会允许我多睡一会儿。force强迫；allow允许；cause导致；forbid禁止。故选B。2C上文说妈妈允许我睡懒觉，我也充分利用这个机会，而后文是说我今天起得很早。前后句意有转折含义。故选C。3A由下文对擦车工擦车的描述可知，作者所观察的是一处停车场，而不是“公共汽车站”、“学校”和“市场”。4D由下文可知，作者学到的是对人生有用的东西，最后一段最后一句中的usefully是提示词。5A“我”站在窗前观察着走过的几个人，看着他们进入他们的汽车并驾车离去，而与此同时，“留意到/注意到”一个骑自行车的老人(因与众不同而被留意/注意)。6B由本句的后半句可知，老人的抹布和瓶子放在后边的车架上，那么他的水桶是挂在自行车车把上。这是描述这位擦车工骑自行车带着他的擦车工具的情形。7C老人从一辆车移动到另一辆，给车做清洁工作。8D从地上的水来推断，老人已经完成12辆或者更多车的擦洗工作了。finish doing sth.做完某事，为固定搭配。9A句意为：在我观察老人工作的时候，几个想法浮现出来。cross ones mind (想法)浮上心头，为固定搭配。10C从上句“He wasnt welldressed.”可知，老人穿得不是很好，由此可以推断老人穿了一件朴素的T恤衫。11D句意为：老人骑的自行车也绝对不是现在骑自行车的人想在大街上骑的那一种。自行车一定是“骑自行车的人”骑，而非“修理人员”、“商人”和“汽车驾驶员”。12B前文描述了老人的穿着很朴素，骑的自行车也很老旧，但是老人