unit1选修7Learningaboutlanguage.ppt

Unit 1 Living well Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 4:Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 4: NounNounAdjectiveAdjective AmbitiousAmbitious AbsentAbsent suitabilitysuitability BenefitBenefit annoyanceannoyance ambitionambition absenceabsence suitablesuitable beneficialbeneficial annoyed/annoyingannoyed/annoying Discovering useful words and expressionsDiscovering useful words and expressions NounNounAdjectiveAdjective ClumsinessClumsiness FirmnessFirmness NoiseNoise psychologypsychology encouragingencouraging clumsyclumsy firmfirm noisynoisy psychologicalpsychological encouragementencouragement Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 4:Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 4: 1. 1. laplap 2. 2. annoyedannoyed 3. 3. dictationdictation 4. 4. entryentry 5. 5. microscopemicroscope 6. 6. outgoingoutgoing 7. 7. fellowfellow 8. 8. conductconduct Answer keys for Ex.3 on Page 4:Answer keys for Ex.3 on Page 4: 1. 1. in many waysin many ways 2. 2. sit aroundsit around 3. 3. made fun ofmade fun of 4. 4. adapt toadapt to 5. 5. out of breathout of breath 6. 6. All in allAll in all 7. 7. cutting outcutting out 8. 8. in other wordsin other words 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式, ,由由 “ “ to+to+动动 词原形词原形” ” 构成构成, ,没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化, ,在句中在句中 不能独立作谓语不能独立作谓语. .但不定式具有名词、形容但不定式具有名词、形容 词和副词的特征，在句中可以作词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语主语、宾语宾语 、宾语补足语宾语补足语、表语表语、定语定语、状语状语等。等。 复习不定式（复习不定式（Revise the InfinitiveRevise the Infinitive） 1. It is good 1. It is good to helpto help others. others. 2. It is my ambition 2. It is my ambition to maketo make sure that the sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is 3. My ambition is to workto work in the computer in the computer industry when I grow up.industry when I grow up. 辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分: : (subject)(subject) (subject)(subject) (predicative)(predicative) 4. I dont have time 4. I dont have time to sitto sit around feeling around feeling sorry for myself. sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class 5. I am the only student in my class toto havehave a pet snake. a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided 6. A big company has decided to buyto buy it it from me. from me. 7. My fellow students have begun 7. My fellow students have begun to acceptto accept me for who I am.me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute) (attribute)(attribute) (object)(object) (object)(object) 8. I have had to work hard 8. I have had to work hard to liveto live a a normal life. normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired 9. Some days I am too tired to getto get out of out of bed.bed. 10. We must call on local government 10. We must call on local government toto givegive financial assistance to disabled financial assistance to disabled people.people. (adverbial)(adverbial) (adverbial)(adverbial) (object complement)(object complement) 不定式在句中的功能不定式在句中的功能 (1)(1)做主语做主语: : 那样做是很幼稚的那样做是很幼稚的. . To act like that is childish. To act like that is childish. 为避免句子出现为避免句子出现 “ “头重脚轻头重脚轻” ”现象现象, ,常用常用it it做形式做形式 主语主语, ,将真正主语的不定式后置将真正主语的不定式后置. . 要学好英语不是那么容易的。要学好英语不是那么容易的。 Ex. It is not easy to learn English well.Ex. It is not easy to learn English well. (2) (2) 做宾语做宾语 她喜欢谈论这件事情。她喜欢谈论这件事情。 Ex. She loves to talk about the matter.Ex. She loves to talk about the matter. 他希望不久能找到工作他希望不久能找到工作. . He hopes to find a job soon.He hopes to find a job soon. 常接不定式做宾语的动词有：常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford, agree, afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wish wish 等等 不定式有时和连接代不定式有时和连接代/ /副词一起构成宾语副词一起构成宾语. . Ex. Do you remember which way to get there?Ex. Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗? ? Have you decided what to do next?Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器我来问他怎么样开这机器. . Ill ask him how to operate the machine.Ill ask him how to operate the machine. 有时不定式由有时不定式由whetherwhether引起引起. . I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it. feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语等动词后如果是不定式做宾语, ,补语是补语是 形容词形容词( (间或是名词间或是名词), ),常用常用it it作形式宾语作形式宾语, ,把不定把不定 式后移式后移. . Ex. I find it difficult to work with him.Ex. I find it difficult to work with him. 3. 3.做宾语补足语做宾语补足语: : 常带常带toto的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, : ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, order, remind, teach, 等等. . Ex. Father will not allow us to play on the Ex. Father will not allow us to play on the street.street. My brother asked me to clean the room with My brother asked me to clean the room with him.him. 后接不带后接不带toto的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: : let, hear, have , make ,see, observe, feel, let, hear, have , make ,see, observe, feel, watch, notice watch, notice 等等. . Ex. The policeman saw a child play in the Ex. The policeman saw a child play in the street.street. A child was seen A child was seen toto play in the street by the play in the street by the policeman.policeman. 4. 4.做表语做表语 不定式可用作表语不定式可用作表语, ,说明主语的具体内容说明主语的具体内容. . My work is to clean the room every day.My work is to clean the room every day. 我的梦想是成为一名医生我的梦想是成为一名医生. . His dream is to be a doctor.His dream is to be a doctor. 5. 5.做定语做定语 不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表 示未发生的动作。示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do.I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school.She is the first student to come to school. 6. 6.做状语做状语 (1) (1) 做目的状语，常用的结构：做目的状语，常用的结构： to do ; in order to do ; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc. Ex. I come here to say good-bye to you.Ex. I come here to say good-bye to you. (2) (2) 做结果状语做结果状语 ：常与副词：常与副词only , enough only , enough 或或tootoo连连 用。用。 He studied hard only to fail the exam.He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school.He is old enough to go to school. 不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾 Ex. Im glad to see you.Ex. Im glad to see you. She wept to see the sight.She wept to see the sight. 二、不定式的否定结构：二、不定式的否定结构： 不定式的否定结构多由：不定式的否定结构多由： “ “not +not +不定式不定式” ”构成构成 ， 否定副词否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置等要置 于于toto前。前。 Ex. Ex. 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍. . Please tell your child Please tell your child not tonot to play in the street. play in the street. 她检查名字为了不犯错误她检查名字为了不犯错误. . She checked the names She checked the names so as not toso as not to make make mistakes.mistakes. 三、不定式的时态：三、不定式的时态： （1 1）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表 示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示 的动作之后。的动作之后。 Ex. He seems to know this.Ex. He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。我希望再见到你。 （2 2）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示 的动作之前。的动作之前。 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。 Ex. Im sorry to have given you so much Ex. Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.trouble. (3) (3) 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓 语动词表示的动作同时发生。语动词表示的动作同时发生。 Ex.Ex.他好象正在吃什么东西。他好象正在吃什么东西。 He seems He seems to be eatingto be eating something. something. (4) (4) 完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续 至说话的时候。至说话的时候。 据说她研究这问题有好多年了。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。 She is said She is said to have been workingto have been working on the on the problem for many blem for many years. Practice choosing ( 10m )Practice choosing ( 10m ) 1.She reached the top of the hill and 1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path.the path. A.to A.to have rested B. resting have rested B. resting C C. to rest . to rest D. rest D. rest 2.Were planning _ a party next week.2.Were planning _ a party next week. A. to have A. to have B B. have . have C C. having . having D D. had . had C C A A 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?fishing or watching TV? -Neither. -Neither. A.A.Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spendspend 4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the 4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven?oven? A. When to take B. to take C. have taken D. A. When to take B. to take C. have taken D. being takenbeing taken B B A A 5._ get a complete picture, further 5._ get a complete picture, further information is rmation is needed. A.A.In order that B. In order to In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have C. Being D. To have 6. It s necessary _ some English grammar.6. It s necessary _ some English grammar. for students to learn for students to learn B. for students learning B. for students learning C. of students to learn C. of students to learn D. of students learningD. of students learning A A B B 7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to 7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to do so.do so. A. remember to tell A. remember to tell B. remember tellingB. remember telling C. have remembered to tellC. have remembered to tell D. have remembered tellingD. have remembered telling 8. I _ you the exciting news, but you were 8. I _ you the exciting news, but you were not at home.not at home. A.A.Meant telling B. meant to tellingMeant telling B. meant to telling C. Meant to having told D. meant to tellC. Meant to having told D. meant to tell C C D D 高考链接高考链接 1.1. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A.A.To sound B. to be sounded To sound B. to be sounded C. Sounding D. to have soundedC. Sounding D. to have sounded A A 解析解析: want : want 后接不定式后接不定式;sound ;sound 是系动词是系动词, ,没有没有 被动式被动式; ;句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含义句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含义 . . 2. It was unbelievable that the fans waited 2. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star.a look at the sports star. A. had B. having C. to have D. have A. had B. having C. to have D. have C C 解析解析: : 不定式不定式to have to have 在此做目的状语在此做目的状语. . 3. -Is Bob still performing?3. -Is Bob