《国际商务英语》校内考试范围.docx

国际商务英语校内考试范围名词解释：1. Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.2. GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.4. Barter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.5. Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.6. Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.7. Indemnity赔偿原则: It holds that a contract of insurance is one, which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred.8. Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency.9. Greenfield strategy绿地战略: The firm builds new facilities on land bought or leased in a foreign country before starting its new operation.10. Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.11. GSP普惠制: Generalized system of preferences12. FOB装运港船上交货: Free On Board13. IMF国际货币基金组织: International Monetary Fund词组英汉互译：1. Customs area关税区2. Contract manufacturing承包生产3. Per capita income人均收入4. Tariff rates关税税率5. Subsidiary company子公司6. Economies of scale规模经济7. Specific duty从量税8. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒9.Customs clearance清关、结关10. Contraction parties缔约方11. Counter trade对销贸易、反向贸易12. Clean draft光票13. Confirming bank保兑行14. Insurance policy保险单15. Certificate of origin产地证书16. Dirty float肮脏浮动、管理浮动17. Par value平价18. Customer mobility客户流动19. Joint venture合资企业20. Gilt-edged stocks / securities金边债券21. Tariff concession关税减让22. Counter offer还盘词义配对：1. return the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.2. export earningsmoney earned on the sales of goods to other countries3. akin to similar, related to4. gilts stocks issued by government5. intellectual propertycertain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trademarks and designs, and copy-right6. affiliatea business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern7. exchange ratethe price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency8. consumptionthe using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value9. intermediate productssemi-manufactures10. liabilitywhat one is responsible for according to law11. maturitybecoming due12. reimbursepay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent13. fluctuationirregular movement of (prices, exchange rate etc.)14. inflationrise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.15. carriagethe price or cost of transportation16. drawbackduties paid on imported goods that are refunded when reexported17. specializationto restrict ones economic activities to certain particular fields18. revenuethe total annual income of a state19. purchasing powerof persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services20. decentralizedistribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area简答题：1. What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business. International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export. Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:(1)Differences in legal systems(2)Differences in currencies(3)Differences in cultural background(4)Different in natural and economic conditions2. Explain briefly the five layer organizational structure of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.（1）the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders（2）Dual-Ministerial Meeting（3）Ministers Responsible for Trade（4）The Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)（5）Subordinate committees under SOM: Committee of Trade and Investment, Economic Committee, Economic and Technical Cooperation Sub-committee of SOM and Budget Management Committee.3. Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.（1）MNEs are generally enormous in size（2）Wide geographical spread（3）Longevity and rapid growth4. What do you know about the Group77?The less-developed countries of UNCTED are known as the “Group of 77” which was created on 15th June 1964 and at present includes more than 130 members.5. In what way is a customs union different from a free trade area?The Customs Union goes a step further by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing trade barriers among themselves. Imports from other countries are subject to the same tariff.6. What are the major modes of the modern freight transportation system?A: The five major modes of the modern freight transportation system are water, rail, truck, pipeline, and air.7. 4.What are the major factors that may influence the exchange rate? Explain briefly.(1) International balance of payment. The value of ones own currency will go up with favorable balance of payment and drop with BOP deficit.(2) Inflation. When inflation intensifies, the value of the currency will drop relative to foreign currencies and vice versa.(3) Interest rate. Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short term international fund, increasing the exchange rate of ones own currency and vice versa.8. What are the 3 major functions of the bill of lading?(1)B/L serves as a cargo receipt signed by the carrier and issued to the shipper or consignor.(2)B/L constitutes a contract of carriage between the carrier and the consignor.(3)B/L is a document of title to the goods, and the legal holder of it is the owner of the goods it covers.9. What is the objective of the International Monetary Fund? What is the relation between the IMF and the United Nations?The major function of the IMF is in the area of providing temporary financing for countries suffering cyclical, seasonal or random shocks that would weaken its currency. Both IBRD and IMF are institutions under the United Nations.10. What are the functions of insurance?A: Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, whereby the individual or the business enterprise can shift some of the uncertainty of life onto the shoulders of others.英译汉：1. Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common forms of non-tariff barriers. A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. The limits may be in quantity or value terms， and quotas may be on a country basis or global， without reference to countries. They may be imposed unilaterally and can also be negotiated on a so-called voluntary basis.配额或数量限制是非关税壁垒最常见的一种形式。配额在一定时期内限制一种商品的进出口其限制可以以数量计算，也可以以价值计算，配额可以是针对国家的或者是全球性的，而不针对特定国家。配额可以单方面实施也可以通过谈判，在所谓“自愿”的基础上实施。2. International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting or importing goods produced in one country for consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information, etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade.国际商务最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即将在一国生产的商品，出口货进口到另一国消费或转售。这种贸易形式也称为有形贸易。后来另一种以运输、通讯、银行业务、保险、咨询、信息为形式的贸易逐渐变得越来越重要。这种贸易称为无形贸易。3. The IFC was established in 1956. Its function is to assist the economic development of less-developed countries by promoting growth in the private sector of their economies and helping to mobilize domestic and foreign capital for this purpose. Membership in the IBRD is a prerequisite for membership in the IFC.国际金融公司成立于1956年，其宗旨是通过促进经济中私营企业的增长并为此目的调动国内外资本，从而援助不发达国家的经济发展。参加国际金融公司的会员必须是世界银行的会员。4. Two political factors may also be at work in a firms choice to operate directly abroad through foreign direct investment (FDI). The first is to get around trade barriers such as quotas set by foreign countries. Saving tariff, the major form of trade barrier, is needless to say, an obvious motivation for undertaking FDI. Favorable investment policies practiced by host country such as tax reduction, rebated land-use fee, etc. are also an important incentive for FDI.还有两个政治因素也促进企业选择过对外投资直接在国外经营。首先，可以绕过外国政府设置的贸易壁垒如配额。降低关税-最大的贸易壁垒，是企业进行对外直接投资的明显动机。东道国为吸引外资实行的优惠投资政策，如税收减让、土地使用费减让等，也是对外直接投资的重要动因。汉译英：1. 尽管第一次会议没有制定出具体目标，联合国贸易和发展会议的总任务是制定、协商和实施改善发展进程的措施。 Although no specific objectives were laid down at the first conference, the general function of UNCTAD is to formulate, negotiate and implement measures to improve the development process.2. 未挂牌证券市场是为了满足已经确立了地位的，但是较小的，而且不太成熟的公司的需求而建立的。The Unlisted Securities Market is to meet the needs of established, but smaller, less mature companies.3. 即时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而提高经营效率。The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.4. 这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水平。The common objective of these institutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed cou