人教版英语选修8动词时态教学设计.doc

语法知识归纳梳理动词时态英语有种时态，初学者要掌握几种常用的，以便进一步学习。1、一般现在时态）表示现存的一般状态、习惯、经常发生的事以及客观事实。常常和sometimes, often, never，every day等副词或短语连用。比如：Im German; I come from Berlin.I get up at seven oclock every morning.）用来谈论时刻表和日程安排。When does the next train to Cambridge leave?It leaves at half past four.真题：1. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. (2001全国)A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested.解析：一般现在时态的被动语态。故选D。2.-Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to. (2003全国)-Dont call me “Joe”, Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 解析：否定的祈使句表示“建议”，语气较强。故选D。3. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. (2004上海)A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 解析：既考时态又考主谓一致。No one是主语部分的中心词。故选A。4.You re drinking too much. ( 2000春招)Only at home. No one _me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw 解析：表示一般（现在的）事实。故选C。5. I _ Ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001全国)A. played B. will play C. have played D. play.解析：“乒乓球打得如何”是一般的事实状况。故选D。2、一般将来时： 1）表示动作在未来某一时刻发生。Will/shall 和be going to均表将来，有时可以互换。但其区别是：will/shall表示一般的将来动作、有时也含有情态动词的意思；be going to 表示“计划、打算”或“某事非发生不可”。“Oh dear! Ive spilt some wine on my jacket.” “Dont worry. Ill clean it for you.”2） “be about to do”, “be to do”, “be going to do”这三种形式都可以表示将来时。be about to do表示最近的将来，意思是 “马上”、“立刻”。be to do 则表示某事在将来一定会发生或者命中注定会发生、已经计划好了。比如：We are to meet Mr. Smith next Wednesday.我们下周三要见史密斯先生。You are to answer for all these things.你要对这些事负责的。When I was about to leave , the phone rang.我正要离开时，电话响了。注意：时间状语从句和条件状语从句里的一般将来时态，要用一般现在时态表达。1. youve left the light on. Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 全国)A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going 解析：你提醒我以后，我要去关灯。故选A。2. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (2001春招)A.lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 解析：将来时态的被动语态。故选B。3. When will you come to see me, Dad? (2003北京) I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish. C. are finishing D. finish. 解析：时间状语从句里的一般将来时态要用一般现在时态去表示。故选D。4. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. (2004全国)A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 解析：祈使句加or或and连接的并列句，前面的祈使句相当于条件状语从句。故选A。5. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (2004上海)A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 解析：这是条件状语从句中的将来时态用一般现在时态表达，同时考查语态。故选D。6. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families. (2004湖南 )A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 解析：该题中or连接两个平行的祈使句，and连接的是并列句，and之前的祈使句相当于条件状语，“在这种条件下将会。”，所以用一般将来时态。故选A。（参见本小节第小题）3、一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时：一般过去时态表示过去发生的事实或存在的状态。与现在完成时态的区别是：一般过去时描述的动作与现在无联系；现在完成式强调动作与现在的联系或对现在的影响。现在完成时常有everneveryet,alreadyso farsince ever等副词、短语作状语从句。比如：I quickly dressed and left the flat.我迅速穿好衣服后就离开了公寓。He came in, sat down and turned on the television.他走进来、坐下来，然后打开了电视机。I havent had my breakfast yet.我还没吃早饭呢。过去完成时态则表示“在一般过去动作之前（过去的过去）”发生的动作。比如：She said she had finished her homework before supper.她说她晚饭前就做完了家庭作业。真题：1. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. (2000春招)A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 解析：现在完成时态的被动语态，表示preparations已经完成。故选D。2. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (2002春招)A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 解析：该题考查现在完成式和过去完成式的使用。故选D。3. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002春招)A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 解析：该题考查时态和语态。一般过去时态表示“过去的事实”。故选C。4. My uncle _ until he was forty five. (2002上海) A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 解析：“四十岁时结的婚”是“过去的事实”；该句是notuntil结构。故选B。5.How long _ at this job? Since 1990. (2003北京)A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 解析：“做这份工作有多长时间了”指“过去”开始的动作延续到现在，还有可能向将来延续。要用现在完成时态表达。故选B。6. How are the team playing? (2002春招)They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were. 解析：表示过去的事实。故选A。7. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (2002全国)Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 解析：表示过去的事实。故选D。8. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全国) A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 解析：writing在过去有无发生与现在有联系（因为我们正在关心着这件事）；recently也是与现在完成时连用的副词。故选A。9. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. (03春招)A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 解析：过去开始的状态一直延续到现在，还有可能向将来延续。故选B。10. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_. (2003全国)A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 解析：表达过去的事实，grow是延续性动词。故选C。11. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. (2003春招)A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 解析：过去时态的被动语态。故选D。12. The news came as no surprise me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. (2003北京)A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 解析：know发生在came之前。故选A。13. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _it. (2003上海)A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned 解析：过去事实。故选C。14. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it. (2004 全国) A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed 解析：同上。故选D。15. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. (2004北京)A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 解析：表示延续到现在的状态。故选A。16. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. (2003北京)A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting.解析：“没有想到”是arrived之前的事。故选C。17. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! (2004北京)A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 解析：在过去“阅读”的背景下发生的一个事实。故选C。18. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. (2004 上海)A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 解析：与从句的谓语has lived并列。故选D。19. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50million. (2004福建)A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached 解析：该题既考时态又考主谓一致。Sales是主语部分的中心词，又考虑与前半句的has set对称、一致。故选A。20. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. (2004江苏)A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 解析：现在完成时态的被动语态。故选D。21. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. (2004上海)A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 解析：ever since也是现在完成时态的标志。故选C。22. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. (2004重庆)A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 解析：该题中change发生在came前。但是没有过去完成时态had changed供选择，故只有选C。语法规定：当不强调某一动作发生在过去某动作之前、或读者一读到就明白哪个动作发生在前，可以用一般过去时态代替过去完成时态。23. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. (2004江苏)A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 解析：时间状语从句描述的还是过去的事实。故选B。24. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (18471931) _ the world leading inventor for sixty years. (2004辽宁)A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 解析：表示过去的状态。故选D。25. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere. (2004湖北)A. saw B. has been C. sees D. had seen 解析：see应该发生在kept looking之前。故选D。26. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? (2004湖北)No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite 解析：在did go to their wedding之前没有得到邀请。故选C。27. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. (2004湖南)Oh, how nice! Do you know when she_? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 解析：问“离开”发生在过去什么时候，是一般过去的事实。故选D。28. The window is dirty.I know. It _for weeks. (2004广西)A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 解析：表示从过去延续到现在的状态，有是“被动”。故选D。29. How are you today? (2000全国)Oh, I _as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt. 解析：谈过去的感受与现在的联系。故选D。30. I _ you not to move my dictionary; now I cant find it. (2004吉林)A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked 解析：该句表示过去的事实。故选A。4. 过去将来时： 表示从过去某一时刻看那以后将要发生的动作或存在的状态。由 “would+动词原形”构成。The weather report said there would be strong winds.辨析：强调今昔对比用used to do；would do表达过去反复发生的动作,“过去经常”。比如：As soon as she got up in the morning, she would make herself a cup of tea.Charles would always smoke his pipe after dinner.When I was in Australia, she would come to see us on weekends.Now and then he would sit under the tree reading. 真题：What were you doing when Tony phoned you? (2004天津)I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 解析：“我”在Tony给我电话时就完成了（had finished）作业，正准备要去冲凉，所以是过去将来。备选答案中只有was starting(过去进行时态)表示过去将来。故选D。5. 现在进行时：a)表达目前正发生或存在的短暂性的动作或状态。比如：Someone is walking towards the house.Bob and I are having golf lessons.2) 少数表示动态动作的动词现在进行时态，可表示将来的计划，即最近的将来要进行的事。（常见的有go, come, stay, arrive, leave, start, fly, stop, take等）比如：I am going up to London, cant you see?I am taking my mum to holiday in Florida this summer.3)现在进行时如与always, forever, often搭配表示讲话时强烈的感情色彩，表示赞扬或责备的语气。比如：Tom is doing everything well.John is always chatting in class.注意：时间状语从句和条件状语从句里的过去将来时态要用一般过去时态表达。真题：1. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. ( 2001全国)A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 解析：技术飞速的发展是目前正存在的状态。故选A。2. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001春招)A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 解析：该电影院“正在被建设”之中。故选D。3. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _ my mum. (2001春招)A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken 解析：表示“近期的计划打算”，故选A。4. Whats that terrible noise? (2004北京)The neighbors _ for party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 解析：此对话谈论的是正在发生的事。故选B。5. Because the shop _ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price. (2004浙江)A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down had closed down解析：“工厂正处于倒闭的过程中，还没有完全倒闭”，进行时态表示现存的状态。故选C。6. 过去进行时：1)常用于背景叙述。表示过去一段时间内一直发生着的动作或状态。比如：It was raining hard and the traffic was creeping along the high street.2)过去进行时也可以用以描述某事发生时正在进行的动作或情景。I was working in the garden when there was a stampede.当发生畜群惊跑时，我正在园里劳动。He was working as a teacher when he first met Julia Marsh.真题：1. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. (2000全国) A. was traveling. B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel.解析：过去the reporter看着的时候正发生的事。故选A。2. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. (2004北京)Where was I ? You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 解析：此对话问“你刚才说的”，所以要用过去进行时态。故选C。3. You were out when I dropped in at your house. (2004福建)Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited解析：过去dropped in发生的时候，wait正发生或存在着。故选A。4. Has Sam finished his homework today? (2004吉林)I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 解析：在过去一段时间内一直发生或存在的动作或状态用过去进行时态表示。故选C。7. 将来进行时 其构成是：will/shall+ be + 现在分词（动词的-ing形式）1)用以预测一种会在未来某一段时间里