中石油2016年职称英语考题及参考答案.pdf

中石油职称英语考试 2016 年真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D. prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 28 课 That “Other Woman“ in My Life 第 8 段。 【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D. discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】 MBA联考大纲英语词组。 原题： The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快； （朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人） ；迅速处理 begin v.开始；启动；起始；开始存在（或进行） discontinue v.停止；终止；中断；终止（生产） 4、There is an extensive glacier system, endless forests, and innumerable lakes throughout this highland area. A. expansive B. broad d. deep D. intense 【参考答案】A 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 24 课 The Delights of South Island 第 3 段 【释义】extensive adj.广阔的；广大的；大量的；广泛的 expansive adj.广阔的；辽阔的；浩瀚的；广泛的 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；宽（用于表示距离的量度之后） deep adj.深陷；全神贯注；专心；深的 intense adj.很大的；十分强烈的；严肃紧张的；激烈的 5、Scientists are trying to develop computers that will simulate the human thought process. A. project B. reflect C. substitute D. assume 【参考答案】B 【出处】2015 版大纲模拟试题一第 13 题 【释义】simulate v.模仿；假装；冒充；装作 project v.计划；规划；投影；投射 reflect v.反映；映出（影像） ；反射（声、光、热等） ；显示 substitute v.取代； （以）代替 assume v.假设；假定；认为；假装 6、The two drivers were injured in the collision. A. fight B. accident C. critic D. crash 【参考答案】D 【出处】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语试题 【解释】collision n.抵触；碰撞（或相撞）事故 fight n.斗争；打架；打斗；搏斗 accident n.意外； （交通）事故；意外遭遇；不测事件 critic n.评论家；反对者；批评者 crash n.崩溃；坠毁；撞击；速成 7、Visiting in a humid climate will cause the travelers clothing to become saturated with sweat. A. stained B. heated C. drenched D. trapped 【参考答案】C 【出处】大学六级试题 【释义】saturated adj.浸透；湿透； （溶液）饱和的；深的 stained adj.(被血或污物)染污的；有瑕疵或污点的；(因罪行)败坏名声的；染色的 heated adj.愤怒的；激烈的；十分激动的； （用加热器）加热了的 drenched adj.湿透的；含太多液体的；充满(液体)的 trap v.诱捕；设计诱陷；安防臭瓣；发射(泥鸽) 8、In the heart of the continent of Antarctica it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps. A. tops B. trails C. apexes D. sites 【参考答案】C 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 60 课 Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 第 8 段 【释义】summit n.峰会；山顶；顶点；最高点 top n.顶；上衣；陀螺；上面 trails n.小路；长长地拖垂后头的东西；(流星等的)尾；衣裙 apex n.顶点；最高点 site n.网站；站点；现场；位置 9、Now some scientists have revised their way of thinking. A. rejected B. unclear C. amended D. distasteful 【参考答案】C 【出处】新视野大学英语 3 课文 1-6 单元 sectionB 原文 【释义】revise v.修订；修正；校阅；再检查 reject v.拒绝；驳回；丢弃；不接受 unclear adj.不清楚的；不确定的；难以掌握的；不完全明白 amend v.改良；订正；改变(行为等)；改过 distasteful adj.使人不愉快的；令人反感的；讨厌的 10、It has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles. A. foolish B. unplanned C. unavoidable D. wise 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 31 课 Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 第 8 段 【释义】random adj.随机的 foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的；感到荒谬；出丑 unplanned adj.未计划（或筹划）的；意外的 unavoidable adj.无法避免的；难以预防的 wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的；明察善断的 Section B Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A， B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 11、Our overseas branch office is _ to open in Dubai next month. A. advanced B. informed C. maintained D. scheduled 【参考答案】D 【出处】托业考试（TOEIC）模拟试题 【释义】advance v.提前；进步；促进；预付 inform v.通知；通告；知会；了解 maintain v.维护；保持；坚持；抚养 schedule v.安排；预定；为安排时间 12、Dear, do send the children to bed. I cant _ their noise any longer. A. put up with B. put out C. put off D. put away 【参考答案】A 【出处】专升本英语考前复习试题 【释义】put up with na. 忍住；忍耐 put out v.扑灭；熄灭；放出；伸出 put off na. 延期；辩解 put away v.把收起来；储存 13、Sales promotion _ those promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity. A. is consisted of B. consists of C. is composed from D. composes from 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 52 课 Sales Promotion 第 1 段 【释义】is consisted of 被动语态，由组成的 consists of v.由构成；由组成；由组成 14、These fuels_ heat when they burn. A. give up B. give off C. give away D. give in 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 26 课 The Magic of Energy 第 13 段 【释义】give up na.放弃；断绝；投降；自首 give off na.放出；发出；释放；散发出 give away na.赠送；分发；放弃；露马脚 give in na.让步；屈服；投降；上交 15、 I believe in the supreme worth of the individual and in his right _ life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. A. by B. to c. at D. over 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 7 课 Our Family Creed 第 5 段 16、Wherever you go in the world, try to show respect for the values of the country you are in, _ you do not necessarily agree with them. A. whatever B. even if C. as if D. provided 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 46 课 Cultural Taboos 第 6 段 【释义】whatever pron.连接代词无论；什么都； 俚究竟什么 even if na.即使也 as if 仿佛；好像；俨然；似乎；就跟一样 provided conj.如果；假如；在条件下 17、Mainframe Software Company _ its clients complete satisfaction with all its products. A. requests B. admits C. agrees D. guarantees 【参考答案】D 【出处】托业考试（TOEIC）试题 【释义】 这里要选择谓语动词。 在空格之后是动词的双宾语 its clients和 complete satisfaction。 选项当中可以接直接宾语和间接宾语的只有 guarantee。 guarantee+人+物 “向某人保证某事” 。 (A)request“要求”和(B)admit“同意”只能接一个宾语。(C)agree“同意” 。 18、Organic chemistry is _ both in the analysis of oil and gas and in the study of the diagenesis of the plant and animal tissues in sediments. A. involved B. evolution C. revolved D. evolved 【参考答案】A 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 31 课 Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 第 3 段 【释义】be involved in na.被包入；被卷入漩涡；参与；涉及；介入 19、Managers need to monitor inflation _ so they can make good decisions. A. emergency B. trend C. pace D. schedule 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016 版通用选读第 47 课 Managing In a Global Environment 第 10 段 【释义】emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况 trend n.趋势；动向；趋向；动态 pace n.步伐；节奏；步速； （移动的）速度 schedule n.日程安排；明细表；工作计划 20、He failed again in the driving test. I dont know why _ he was so nervous. A. in the earth B. on the earth C. in earth D. on earth 【参考答案】D 【出处】2016 年中石油职称英语考试模拟试题二 【释义】in the earth 在泥土里；在地下；在地里 on the earth 在地球上 in earth 在土壤中 on earth adv. 究竟，到底，固定搭配，为程度副词。 II. Grammatical Structure Section A Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 21、If you dont agree to our plan, _. A. either they will B. neither will they C. so dont they D. so they wont neither 【参考答案】B 【解析】句意：如果你不同意我们的计划，他们也不同意。表示某人也不怎么样，用 neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语。所以选 B。 22、He speaks English, but not _ his sister does. A. as well like B. so well as C. like good as D. as good as 【参考答案】B 【出处】2011 年中石油职称英语考试真题 【解析】句意：他会说英语，但不好他的姐姐说的好。 23、You are supposed _ everything ready by now. A. to get B. getting C. to have got D. having got 【参考答案】C 【解析】句意：到目前为止你应该把一切都准备好了。此题考动词搭配。be supposed 后要 接不定式，即 be supposed to do sth. 表示“应该” 。此句中“by now”表示动作应已完 成，所以不定式要用完成时态，故 C 为正确答案。 24、The committee recommends that the matter _ at the next meeting. A. be discussed B. may be discussed C. would be discussed D. will be discussed 【参考答案】A 【解析】recommends 出现，应用虚拟语气，完整的为 should be discussed ,should 省略了。 当主句的谓语动词为 suggest, propose, advise, insist, order, demand, require, request, desire 等 表示 “建议” 、“命令” 、“请求” 和 “要求” 的动词时， 其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气 “should+ 动词原形” （在美国英语中 should 省略） 。 25、The University of Michigan，_ in 1817, is located m Ann Arbor, Michigan. A. which was found B. which was founded C. founding D. that was found 【参考答案】B 【解析】be founded 成立；被建立；被发现 26、Before _ the envelope, please be sure you have enclosed all of the documents listed in your orientation packet. A. sealing B. is sealed C. was sealed D. seal 【参考答案】A 【解析】考察分词结构，当两句相连时，如果两句的主语相同，可以省略一个主语。但是动 词如果是主动式则改为现在分词，若动词如果是被动式，则保留过去分词。本题原本应该是 Before you seal the envelope ， 但因为连接的两句主词都是 you， 所以将 before you seal the envelope改为分词结构的before sealing the envelope 。 27、 To protect the camera lens, be sure to reattach the lens cover _ returning the camera to its case. A. when B. what C. whether D. why 【参考答案】A 28、You _ her in the office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks. A. must have seen B. cant have seen C. neednt have seen D. might have seen 【参考答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词的完成式。整句意思：你上周五不可能在她办公室看到她了，她出城 已经有两个星期了。 must have done 过去一定做了， cant have done 过去不可能做了， neednt have done 过去本不必做而做了，might have done 过去可能做了。 29、As a general rule, snakes _ unless offended. A. have not bitten B. do not bite C. will not be biting D. are not biting 【参考答案】B 【解析】本题指的是通常状态下，所以要用一般现在时。句意：一般情况下蛇不会咬人，除 非被冒犯。offended v.冒犯; 得罪; 触怒(offend 的过去式和过去分词 ); 使反感令人不适。 30、I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. _ the people in the city voted for his opponent. A. Most of all B. Almost all of C. Most all of D. Almost the whole of 【参考答案】B 【出处】2015 大纲模拟题二第 26 题。 【解析】 句意： 我猜想琼斯是不可能在选举中获胜了， 几乎所有的市民都投了他的对手的票。 此题考查词的搭配。most of all 大多数；almost all of the people 几乎全部人们；C 项搭配不 正确；D 项的 whole 一般不指代人。 Section B Directions: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 31、One of the much discussing questions today has to do with whether or not the teaching of A B C reading should start in the kindergarten. D 【参考答案】A。改为：much discussed questions 32、When a severe ankle injury forced herself to give up reporting in 1926，Margaret Mitchell A B C began writing her novel Gone with the wind. D 【参考答案】C。改为：her 33、The bigger of all nine planets in the solar system is Jupiter. A B C D 【参考答案】A。改为：biggest 34、There are vineyards in California that product some of the best wine in the world. A B C D 【参考答案】B。改为：produce 35、Rapidly fallen oil prices caused OPEC ministers to meet and plan a strategy. A B C D 【参考答案】B。 【出处】2015 大纲模拟试题二第 37 题 【解析】改为：B 应改为 falling 36、It is a phenomenon known as temperature inversion what causes the worst smog in places A B C such as Los Angles. D 【参考答案】B 【出处】2015 大纲模拟试题五第 32 题 【解析】改为：B 应改为 that。此题考查强调句型。本句为 It 引导的强调句型，后面应用 that，而不是 what。 37、 New shopping mall is being planned for the residential area where new homes are being built A B C at a rapid rate. D 【参考答案】A 【出处】2015 大纲模拟试题五第 37 题 【解析】A 应改为 A new shopping。此题考查冠词。单数可数名词前必须有冠词。 38、The instructor had gone over the problems many times before the students will take the final A B C D examination. 【参考答案】D 【解析】D 改为 took。主句为过去完成时，故 before 引导的从句为过去时。 39、I dont know that you can recognize him from here, but the boy reading the newspaper is A B C D Tom. 【参考答案】A 【解析】改为 whether 40、The test administrator ordered we not to open our books until he told us to do. A B C D 【参考答案】B 【解析】B 改为 us。 III. Close Test Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. The weather often changes what people do and how they do it. It is very important in our everyday live. Meteorologists are scientists who try to predict the weather. 41 do they find out this _42 _? For 43 scientists tried to predict the weather by 44 it. This didnt work very well. Even if a man stands on a very high mountain, he can only see a small part of the weather. Then, in 1820, a German scientist 45 that scientists could draw a map of the way weather moves. The weather tomorrow is _ 46 _ today. It may move as 47 as 30 miles an hour. It may move 725 miles in 24 hour. _ 48 weather moves, the best way to predict 49 is to use maps. You can see a picture of the weather for large parts of the country on a map. Winter storms of rain and 50 will be 1,000 miles wide. Only on a map can meteorologists see a storm this big. In 1820，it was difficult to make such maps. Why was it difficult? The scientists needed weather reports to make the maps. It was not easy to get weather reports quickly. Today weather reports can be easily and quickly collected from everywhere. 41、A. Why B. When C. Where D. How 42、A. information B. news C. advice D. experience 43、A. ever B. a short while C. a long time D. the first time 44、A. listening to B. looking at C. believing in D. depending on 45、A. insisted B. expected C. showed D. agreed 46、A. far away from B. over there C. near here D. high up 47、A. fast B. soon C. far D. slow 48、A. If B. Unless C. Because D. Though 49、A. it B. this C. that D. one 50、A. cloud B. steam C. snow D. water 41.D【解析】上文已经提到气象学家，是研究天气变化的科学家并试图预测天气，那么这句 意思，按逻辑关系应该谈及预测方法。 42. A 【解析】 句中的词组 find out 意为 “查出、 找到” ， 选项中 advice 意为 “建议” ， experience 意为“经验、体验” ，information 意为“信息” 。 43. C【解析】a long time 很长时间；很长一段时间。 44. B 【解析】 believe in意为 “信仰” ， depend on意为 “依赖于” ， look at意为 “看” 45. C【解析】show 意为“说明、证明” ，agree 意为“同意、赞同” ，insist 意为“坚持” 。此 句意为： 1820 年，德国一科学家证明可用天气变化图预测天气。并没有“同意” “坚持” 的含义。 46. A 【解析】 far away from 意为 “远离” ， 此句意为 “明天的天气状况距离今天很遥远。 ” 47. A【解析】本句意思为：气象变动速度很快，每小时“快”达 30 英里。由下句可知这里 指的是速度。 48. C【解析】这是一个表示原因的状语从句。承接上下文，因为天气不断移动，所以最好的 预测天气的办法是用图来表明。 49. A【解析】在表示时间、距离、天气等时，代词应用“it” 。 50. C【解析】rain and snow 雨雪 IV. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the answer sheet. Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage: Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissionsshort of a massive shift away from the private automobileis to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules bum more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have set of heavy fuel tanks a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply. Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanols most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant. Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution. 51、According to the text, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel because A. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure. B. gasoline is composed of small molecules. C. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons. D. the combustion of gasoline embraces an intricate set of reactions. 【原文出处】2016 版通用选读第五课 Carbon-based Alternative。题目源自于考研、GRE 等。 【参考答案】D 【解析】本题是一道指代词题型。根据题干中的“incomplete combustion”可将本题的答案 信息来源迅速确定在第二段的第四句，该句中的指代词“these”暗示本题的具体答案信息来 源应该在第二段的第三 句。通过阅读和理解第二段的第三句可推导出本题的正确选项。 52、The text suggests which of the following about air pollution? A. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles. B. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source of urban air pollution. C. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air pollution levels. D. Attempts to reduce the pollutants that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle emit