《物流专业英语》PPTUnit1Whatislogisticsqq.ppt

物流专业英语 Unit 1 What is logistics? 什么是物流？ 1. 课文翻译 Text Translation How a bottle of Coca Cola coke moves to an end consumer 一瓶可乐是如何到达最终消费者手中的 If a consumer wants to have a bottle of Coca Cola coke, he can choose to: 如果客户想买一瓶可口可乐，他可能选择： go straight to the manufacturer, buy it at ex-factory price (e.g. 1.50 Yuan/bottle) but pay extra costs for bus fare (e.g. 5 Yuan or more) , totaling 6.50 Yuan plus time cost (hours of bus travel), or 直接到厂家以出厂价(如1.50元/瓶)购买，但要支付额外的公 共汽车费(如5元或更多)，总计6.50元，还要另加时间成本（ 数小时的巴士乘坐）,或者 go to a supermarket and buy it at retail price (e.g. 2.50 Yuan) with minimal time cost 去超市以零售价购买(如2.50元/瓶)，时间成本最低。 Choice A is rarely the case because the total logistics cost of direct purchase from the manufacturer is prohibitive for any individual (2.6 times as much as the retail price in the above case), though its purchase price is much lower than the retail price. A选择是极少出现的情况，因为 从厂家直接购买的总物流成 本对于个人而言是极其昂贵 的（在上述的情况中，达到 了零售价的2.6倍），虽然其 采购价要比零售价低得多。 Choice B is the most popular for individual consumers, in which the customer pays a higher retail price in exchange for ease of shopping and exemption of the time- consuming travel to the manufacturer, in addition to a lower total cost. B选择是个人零散客户最常用的选择，在此种方式下，客户支 付较高的零售价，在享有较低的总成本的同时，还可以换取 购物的轻松并免除到厂家取货的耗时旅程。 Generally speaking, movements of goods/product observe the typical supply chain model (See Figure 1). 一般来说，商品/产品的流转需遵循典型的供应链模式（见图1 ）。 Manufacturer 厂家 Distributor 配送商 Wholesaler 批发商 Retailer (Supermarket) 零售商（超市） End consumer 最终客户 Figure 1 A typical supply chain 图1 典型的供应链 The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain (Figure 2). 可口可乐软饮料产品就是依照典型的供应链来移动的，其零售 价更高，是因为当产品经过供应链的每个节点时增加了价值 （图2）。 Manufacturer 厂家 Distributor 配送商 Wholesaler 批发商 Retailer (Supermarket) 零售商（超市 ） End consumer 最终客户 Figure 2 A presumptive value-added model 图2 推定增值模型 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.5 What is logistics? 什么是物流？ Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods. 狭义上讲，物流是商品 的高效流动与存储 。 However, the Council of Logistics Management of USA has given an authoritative definition which is widely accepted by the logistics professionals. 然而，美国物流管理协会给出了一个权威的定义，该定义受到 物流专业人士的广泛接受。 “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers requirements.” “物流是供应链的一部分，它对产品、服务和相关信息从原产 地到消费地的高效率和高效力的流动及存储进行规划、实施 和控制，以满足客户的要求。” What are the scopes of logistics activities 物流活动的范围是什么？ As shown in the Figure 3, logistics activities are extensive and consist of various components. 如图3所示，物流活动是广泛的并且包括了多种构成成份。 Logistics activities Sourcing 采 办 Purchasing 采购 Warehousing 仓储 Transport 运输 Inventory Management 库存管理 Financing Support 融资支持 Customer Support 客户支持 Figure 3 Scope of logistics activities 图3 物流活动的范围 物流活动 All facets of logistics 物流面面观 From a wider perspective, we can conclude that logistics is or is about: 从更加广泛的视角来看 ，我们可以得出结论 ，物流是或者是关于 the flow and storage of goods, people, finance, services and related information physical distribution or distribution of physical goods an integral part of the supply chain 商品、人员、资金、服务和相关信息的流动与存储 实体配送或实体物资的配送 供应链的整体部分 integration and optimization of resources a value-added process efficiency increase and cost reduction Innovation 资源的整合与优化 一个增值过程 提高效率与降低成本 创新 It is worth noting that there is a wide-spread misleading concept about logistics, especially among amateurs, that logistics is transport. True, transport is the core component of logistics and without it nothing can move. Nevertheless logistics means far more than transport alone can convey. 值得注意的是，人们，尤其是非专业人士，对物流有一种广泛 的误导性概念，即认为物流就是运输。的确，运输是物流的 核心构成部分，没有运输什么也动不起来。即使如此，物流 仍然比单独的运输所能传达的意义要深远得多。 Reading materials 阅读材料 Production vs distribution 生产 vs 流通 There are two types of primary activities concerning the production of products: production and distribution. 关于产品的生产，有两类基本的活动：生产与流通。 Production is the act or process of converting raw materials into semi-finished goods or finished goods ready for sale/delivery. For instance, a flour mill buys wheat (raw materials) from farmers, processes it into flour (semi-finished products) and sells it to a bakery, who then turns it into bread (finished products) ready for sale to end consumers (Figure 4). 生产是把原材料转换成半成品或成品供销售或交货的行为或过 程。譬如，一家面粉厂从农民处购买小麦（原材料）、加工 成面粉（半成品）并将面粉出售给面包店，面包店用面粉做 成面包（成品），用于出售给最终消费者（图4）。 Figure 4 Conversion of raw materials into semi-finished products or finished products. 图4 原材料转换成半成品或成品 Wheat （Raw Material） 小麦(原料) Flour (semi-finished product) 面粉(半成品) Bread (finished product) 面包（成品） Distribution is the act or process of moving goods/product (semi- finished or finished) to various locations/customers. Usually manufacturers focus on production, while logistics companies engage in distribution of goods. 流通是把商品/产品（半成品或成品）移动到不同地点或客户的 行为或过程。通常来说，制造厂商把重心放在生产上，而物 流公司则从事商品的流通。 Ideally an organization may engage in both production and distribution. However, owing to the complexity and substantiality of distribution, few companies perform well if they engage in both. 理想情况下，一家公司可以既从事生产，也从事流通。然而， 由于流通的复杂性和艰巨性，两样都做的公司很少能有良好 的表现。 There is now a new trend of outsourcing the distribution business to specialized companies, namely third-party logistics (3PL) companies, so that the manufacturers can concentrate more on core production operation while the logistics companies can handle distribution more deftly and professionally. 现在有一种新趋势，就是把流通业务外包给专业化的公司，即 第三方物流公司（3PL），这样制造厂商就可以更好地集中 精力于核心的生产运作，而物流公司也可以更娴熟、更专业 地处理好流通业务。 7. Key to the exercises 练习答案 1. Answer the following questions in English: What is the definition of logistics? Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods. According to the Council of Logistics Management of USA , “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers requirements.” 2. Will an individual consumer choose to go straight to a manufacturer and buy the items by himself? Why not? An individual consumer rarely go straight to the manufacturer because the total logistics cost of direct purchase from the manufacturer is prohibitive for any individual (2.6 times as much as the retail price in the above case), though its purchase price is much lower than the retail price. 3. Why do most individual consumers go to a retail outlet instead of going to the manufacturer if they want to buy something? The reason that most individual consumers go to a retail outlet instead of going to the manufacturer is that the customer pays a higher retail price in exchange for ease of shopping and exemption of the time-consuming travel to the manufacturer, in addition to a lower total cost. 4. Why is the retail price higher than the ex-factory price? The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain. 5. What are the scope of logistics activities? Logistics activities are extensive and consist of various components such as transport, inventory management, customer support, purchasing, warehousing, financing support and so on. 2. Put the following words or phrases into Chinese: Manufacturer ex-factory price retail price direct purchase ease of shopping exemption of the time-consuming travel movements of goods/product supply chain each node in the supply chain flow and storage of goods logistics professionals plan, implement and control point of origin point of consumption to meet customers requirements 1. 生产厂家 2. 出厂价 3. 零售价 4. 直接采购 5. 轻松购物 6. 免除