高考英语复习精品语法课件非谓语动词.ppt

专题五 非谓语动词 专题专题五五 非谓语动词非谓语动词 非谓语动词是高中英语教学中的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点考 查项目。不仅单项填空中，而且完形填空、短文改错中都反复考查。命题热 点多是一些常用动词及特殊动词其后的非谓语动词的形式（不定式、过去分 词及动词的 ing形式）的不同要求。有时也涉及非谓语动词的完成式和否定式 以及非谓语动词作状语时的逻辑主语一致性原则。具体来说其考点主要包括 ： 1. 不定式的完成式、进行式、被动式；不定式作后置定语与分词作后置定 语的区别。 专题导读 2. 不定式的省略与不定式的否定结构。 3. 只能接动名词的动词，只能接不定式的动词以及接动名词、不定式有 区别的动词。 4. 动名词的被动式、否定结构。 5. 现在分词与过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的区别，以及不定式 作状语与分词作状语的区别。 2012年高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对分词的考 查仍是重点。试题的测试点将呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样 化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。 高考英语非谓语动词 解题的八条经典原则 1. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A.Training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上 要用不定式 原则二：用于名词后作定语时，使 用非谓语动词的原则是：用不定式 ，表示动作尚未发生;用现在分词， 表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表 示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意 义. 1.The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 2. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 3. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. A.lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 2.The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 1. As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. A.Moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 2. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 原则三： 用作伴随状语，原则上 要用现在分词 1.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A.to let B. letting C. let D. having let 2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 原则四：作结果状语，用现在分词或不定式， 其区别是，一般要用现在分词表自然而然的结 果，不定式表意外不好结果. 1.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 2. He hurried to the station only_ that the train had left. A.to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 1.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 2. The repairs cost a lot， but its money well _. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 3. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award， a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given 原则五：凡是含有被动意义时， 原则上要用过去分词。但是，如 果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用 不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的 动作正在进行，则用现在分词的 被动式 1._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 2. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 原则七：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，原则上要用完成式 原则八： 对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配 习惯处理 1._ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time. ） A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 2._ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed （ ）1.2011全国卷 The next thing he saw was smoke_ from behind the house. Arose Brising Cto rise Drisen 真题典例 【解析】 B rise和smoke是主动关系，而且他所看到的是正在升起的烟， 所以用rise的ing形式。rising短语作表语smoke的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句 ，即which was rising （ ）2.2011全国卷 The island，_to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to. Ajoining Bto join Cjoined Dhaving joined 【解析】 C 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个岛由一座桥和大陆连着，很容易去的。 island和join之间是被动关系，故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge相当于一个定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。 真题典例 （ ）3.2011全国卷 Sarah pretended to be cheerful，_ nothing about the argument. Asays Bsaid Cto say Dsaying 【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词。句意：莎拉假装很高兴，对争论没有说什么。 saying为现在分词短语，作伴随状语。says和said都作谓语；to say表示将要说。 （ ）4.2011北京卷 Its important for the figures _ regularly. Ato be updated Bto have been updated Cto update Dto have updated 【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词的用法。figure（数字）和update（更新） 是动宾关系，因此要用被动形式，此外，从后面的regularly（经常地）来看， 更新是经常性的动作，所以应该用一般式。 真题典例 （ ）5.2011北京卷 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet. Ato keep Bkeeping Chaving kept Dto have kept 【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。这里是分词作状语，描述站着的状态， 用分词的一般式。句意为：坐下吧，Emma，老是站着会更累的。 （ ）6.2011天津卷 _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ATranslating BTranslated CTo translate DHaving translated 【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词的用法。translate 和句子主语the sentence 是动宾关系，且此动作已发生，所以要用过去分词作状语表被动完成。 句意为：翻译成英文后，发现这个句子的词序完全不同了。 专题五 真题典例 （ ）8.2011江苏卷 Recently a survey_ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared 【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。从句子结构分析，主语 是a survey，谓语部分是has caused heated debate among citizens。因此所填成分是充当survey的后置定语。根据 survey和compare之间的关系是主动关系可知选择B项，相当 于which compares 真题典例 （ ）9.2011福建卷 Tsinghua University， _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. Afound Bfounding Cfounded Dto be founded 【解析】 C 考查过去分词短语作定语。清华大学创立于 1911，因此应使用过去分词表被动。 （ ）10.2011福建卷 The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_ . A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold 【解析】 D 考查动词不定式作状语。句意：厚度和重量与先前版本的不 同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable作表 语，后面需用不定式的主动形式表被动意思，故正确答案为D项。 真题典例 （ ）13.2011浙江卷 Even the best writers sometimes find themselves_ for words. Alose Blost Cto lose Dhaving lost 【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。此处lost是过去分词，作find 的宾语补足语。 （ ）14.2011四川卷 Simon made a big bamboo box_ the little sick bird till it could fly. Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep 【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词。句意为：“Simon做了个大竹筐用来饲养 这只生病的小鸟，一直到它能飞。”故此处应使用动词不定式to keep作目 的状语，故答案为D。 （ ）1.One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Toms, _ their high school reunion the year before. Atalking about Bto talk about Ctalked about Dhaving talked about 【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“星期天几个老同 学在汤姆家里聚会，谈论着他们一年前的高中校友聚会”可以看 出，“谈论”是在这次聚会的过程中发生的，即“谈论”伴随着“聚 会”，因此用分词作伴随状语，又因句子主语classmates与动作“ 谈论”之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词talking about。 新题预测 专题五 新题预测 （ ）2.When I caught him _ me, I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. Acheated Bcheating Cto cheat Dto have cheated 【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。依据前半句意思“当我发现他 欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作“欺骗”为主谓关系， 因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。 专题五 新题预测 （ ）3.The footballer didnt succeed in scoring, though_ several chances by his teammates. Awas given Bbeing given Cgiving Dgiven 【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词和省略。该句though后面是省略 ，相当于though he was given several chances by his teammates 。逻辑主语the footballer与动词give构成逻辑上的动宾关系， 故用过去分词given，所以这里选D项。 （ ）4.My little brother is like a bull in a china shop, always_ things over. Aknocks Bknocking Cto knock Dhaving knocked 【解析】 B 考