词汇与语法结构(形容词和副词).ppt

第五节 形容词和副词 一、形容词的句法功能 1、做定语（修饰名词、代词） A straight forward talk is better than a flowery(多花的，用花装饰的) speech. （巧言不如直说。） He is a very good swimmer. （他是个好游泳运动员。） 注意： 形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, nobody, nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。 The King often spoke with somebody clever.（国王常与一些聪明的人交谈。） There is something wrong with my radio. （我的收音机有点毛病。） enough 作为形容词放在可数复数名词 和不可数名词前。 Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch？ Surely(的确) 15 minutes is enough time for you to have coffee. 2、作表语 His advice is quite helpful. （他的建议十分有用。） He looks very healthy. （他看来很健康。） 3、作宾语补足语 The rain made the ground wet. （雨使地面浸湿了。） He found the door open. （他发现房间门开着。） He found the door open. （他发现房间门开着。） 4、作主语或宾语 有些形容词，如：true, good, beautiful, bad, ugly等前加定冠词the，表示一类人 或事物。作主语，表达具体概念，则谓语 动词用复数；表达抽象概念，谓语动词用 单数，如： The old are respected here and there. （老人们在任何地方都应爱到尊敬。） The new replaces the old. （新事物总是要代替旧事物。） The beautiful is not always the good. （ 美的东西不一定都是好的东西。） 二、形容词的用法 1、下列以 a- 开头的形容词、表示健康状况 或感觉反应的形容词通常只用作表语，不作 前置定语。 alike(彼此相似的，同样的)， afraid， alone， asleep， awake（醒着 的）， aware(知道的)，alive， ashamed （害羞的）； unable（不能的）, content / /e/ （满意的），glad, ill, pleased, sorry, well, faint（虚弱的）等。 She stayed awake to wait for her husband. 她为了等她的丈夫而没有睡。 She wasnt aware of the danger. 她没有察觉到危险。 He was unable to change her mind. 他不能改变她的主意。 2、worth, worthwhile与worthy的用法 (1)worth为表语形容词，不作前置定语。 be worth “价值；值得” 后跟名词或及物动词的动名词的主动形式( 表示被动意义)。 (1)This bike is worth 100. (dollars) (2)（单车价值一百美元。） The book is worth reading a second time. （这本书值得再读一遍。） 注：worth常被well修饰。 That place is well worth visiting. (2)It is worthwhile doing sth. = It is worthwhile to do sth. = sth is worth doing. (做某事是值得的。) It is worthwhile visiting the place.= It is worthwhile to visit the place.= The place is worth visiting. (3)worthy “值得的，配得上的” (一般与of 短语或不定式连用。) He is worthy of our trust.他值得我们信任 。 The problem is worthy of being considered. =The problem is worthy to be considered. 那个问题值得考虑。 三、副词的句法功能 1. 作状语 （1）修饰动词，如： Its raining heavily. (天正下着大雨。) They are warmly welcomed / by the students. (他们受到学生们的热烈欢迎。) （2）修饰形容词，如： You are quite right. (你非常正确。) Its a rather difficult job. (这是一项相当困难的工作。) （3）修饰其他副词，如： Dont ride too fast. （别骑得太快。） Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well. （汤姆和苏珊都不太会游泳。） 2. 作定语，常位于所修饰词后面，多为时 间和地点副词。如: The population here is very large. （ 这 儿的人口很多。） The meeting today is very important. （ 今天的会议很重要。） 四、副词的位置 1、频度副词一般放在行为动词前，助动词 、系动词、情态动词后。 You have often been told not to do it. She always helps others. She often comes to see me. He has never been to Shanghai. 2、程度副词（enough）除外一般放在被修 饰的形容词、副词或动词前。如： This is a very good book. She studies much harder. I quite understand. He plays the piano fairly well. 注：enough 作为副词，放在动词、形容词 和其他副词的后面。 Is the river deep enough for swimming （to swim in）？ She isnt good enough for the exam. You dont practice enough at the piano. 3、表示可能性的副词或表示真实性有多大 的副词，通常不用于句末。如：probably, possibly, certainly, definitely /e/ /i/(确定 地，一定地)等。 They have probably gone there. I definitely saw him in the crowd. 我绝对看见他在人群里。 但 perhaps 与 surely 一般用于句首。 Perhaps he doesnt know your name. 4、大多数修饰全句的副词可以置于句首、句 中或句末，多用逗号和其他部分隔开。如： Indeed(的确，诚然), I didnt know where she was. We still felt very happy, however. He did not, however, accept my invitation. 五、形容词副词比较等级的用法 1、两者相比（甲=乙），用“as + 原级+as” 表示： Tom is as tall as Jack. （汤姆和杰克一样高。） She could do as well as a man. （她能干得和男人一样好。） 例：Marys brain is just _theirs. A.as full of knowledge as B.full of as knowledge / C.so full of knowledge as D.full of so much knowledge as 答案：A 2、两者相比（甲乙），用“比较级 + than” 表示 （甲乙） 用 less than 表示 Robert jumps much higher than any of the others. （罗伯特比其他人跳得高得多。） Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country. （我们的城市比我国任何别的城市都漂亮） 注:在使用比较等级时被比较内容的对等性 。 误 Her voice is as sweet as a bird. 正 Her voice is as sweet as that (=the voice) of a bird. 4、比较等级的一些特殊用法 1）表示“几倍于时”，用“倍数+ asas”来表示，亦可用“倍数+比较级 +than”表示。 This kind of plane flies twice as fast as that kind. （这种飞机的速度是那种飞机的两倍快。） Our classroom is three times larger than yours. （我们的教室比你们的教室大三倍 。 例：To our great surprise, we got_ people to attend the meeting as we expected. A.twice as many B. twice many C. twice many as D. as twice many 答案: A 回忆: 英语中倍数表示法的四种情况： 倍数+the+名词（如size, height, length, width等/i/ /）+of +比较对象。 倍数+形容词、副词的比较级+than+比较 状语从句。 倍数+as+形容词、副词的原级+as+比较 状语从句。 倍数+as much+不可数名词或as many+ 可数名词的复数形式+as 比较状语从句。 The new building is four times the size ( the height ) of the old one. Asia is four times as large as Europe. （ 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。） Your school is three times bigger than ours. （你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。） 2）形容词和副词的比较级可以被下列词语 修饰：much, far，still, even, a lot, a great deal, rather, any, a little, a bit, no等 。 Its much warmer today. （今天暖和多了。） This problem is a lot more difficult than that one. （这道题比那道题难得多。） 例： I wish youd do asking and some more work. Thus（如此，像这样） things will become better. A.a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more 答案：A 3）用“比较级+and+比较级”来表示“越来 越”. The peasants in my hometown are becoming richer and richer. （我家乡的农民现在越来越富了。） Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. （我国变得越来越漂亮。） 4）“the+比较级，the+比较级” 表示“越，越”。 The busier the old man is, the happier he feels. （那位老人越忙越高兴。） The more you study, the more you know. （觉得越多，懂得越多。） 7）“the + 比较级 + of + 比较对象” 表示： “（两者之中）较的那个”， the不可去 掉。 This one is the better of the two. 两个当中还是这个好。 He is the taller of the two. 他是两个人当中较高的那个。 例： There are two small rooms in the beach house, and _ serves as a kitchen. A.the smaller of which B.a smaller of which C.the smaller of them D.smaller of that 答案：C 六、形容词和副词的最高级 1、三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时 ，用“ the + 最高级 ” 的结构表示，这种句 式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语或从句 。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. （ 张华是三个当中最高的一个。） He works ( the ) hardest in this class. （ 他是班里学习最刻苦的学生。） (副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略。) 2、最高级也可被序数词以及much, by far （得多）, nearly, almost等词语所修饰 。 This hat is by far/ much/ nearly/ almost/ the biggest. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. （黄河是中国第二大河。） 3、表示“最高程度”的形容词，如： superior(优秀的) /u:/ /i/ excellent, extreme, /i:/ perfect(完美的)等，没有最高级和比较级。 典型例题： 1、We are not _to afford a car yet. A.enough money B. money enough C. rich enough D. enough rich 答案: C 2、“Its six oclock and your father is still at the office.” “I know，who else would_he does?” A. be as hard working as B. as working harder than C. do harder work than D. work as hard as as+原级+as 答案: D 3、 “Ralph seems to like this country.” “Yes， he is _ here as he was at home.” A. almost as happy B. as happy almost C. as almost happy D. almost happy as as+原级+as almost （already）放在系动词be的后面， 其他动词的前面。 答案: A 4、They say Mexico City is more populous than_in the world. A. any city B. any other city C. any else city D. any rest city 答案: B 5、Most of the students have made _progress in their study of English than we first expected. A. more great B. more greater C. far greater D. far more greater 答案： C 6、General George Brown was older than _ in his regiment /e/ /i/ （军团）。 A.any officer B. any other officer C. any others officer D. any officer else 答案： B 注：some, any, no等+other +可数名词（ 单或复数，单数居多）。 7、The French seem far more interested in reading about Africa _ about their nearest neighbors. A. as B. than C. the same D. so more 为比较级，只能than 答案： B 8、It usually takes much_time to fly from one country to another than to travel by train. A. more B. less C. little D. least （有than，考虑比较级） 答案：B 9、Frank plays _ Alex. A. a lot more better than B. much more better than C. a lot better than D. much more well than 答案：C 10、Have you finished your homework？ This lesson is_than the last one. A. more easier B. more easy C. very easier D. much easier 答案：D 11、Young people regard Bob Dylan as _ other musicians. A. more better than B. more superior than /u:/ /i/ C. superior to D. more perfect to （superior（优秀的） 没有比较级。） （be superior to sb in sth 在优于） 答案：C 12、“Wont you have more meat？” “No， thanks. Ive had _ enough already.” A. beyond B. more than C. greater than D. plenty of more than enough adv. 超过太多，过多 答案：B 13、Id like to leave my car near here. Wheres the _，please？ A. nearest parking B. next parking C. nearest car parking D. next car park 答案：A 14、The harder they worked， _. A. they seemed to do less B. the less they seemed to do C. they were doing less D. they did less the +比较级，the+比较级 答案：B 15. “Do you enjoy the new camera？” “Yes，_，the more skilled I become.” A. as I take more pictures B. the more pictures I take C. as more pictures I take D. the pictures I take more the +比较级，the+比较级 答案：B 16、The more we looked at the abstract （抽象的，深奥的） painting， _. A. the less we liked it B. we like it less C. better we liked it D. it looked better the +比较级，the+比较级 答案： A 17、The new large passenger jets have made the traffic problems at airports _. A. more bad than it was B. the worse than before C. worse than ever before D. more bad than they were make+名词+形容词 使成为，变为 The news makes her happy. His actions make him universally （普 遍地，到处地）respected. 答案： C 18、Of the two lectures， the first was by far the _. A. good B. better C. best D. worst by far跟形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连 用时，一般放在这类词的后面，但如果这 类词带有冠词，放前后都可以。 It is quicker by far to go by train. She is the best by far. （She is by far the best.） 答案：B 19、Kansas is _ states in Americas mid-west. A. one of the flattest B. the flattest C. as flatter as D. flattest of the 答案：A 20、On the day he was to give his speech， Paul was suffering from one of _ colds he had ever had. A.bad B. worse C. the worst D. bad of all suffer from 遭受罪 答案：C 21. The steel output of this year will be bigger than _ last year. A.this of B. the one C. that of D. those of output 产量 （指上文提到的用that或those.） 答案： C 22. Japan has taken a more independent stand _. A. as it does before B. as it did before C. than it does a few years ago D. than it did a few years ago stand 立场 答案：D 23、Her English is very good. She can speak English better than _ in her grade. A. any one B. the one C. anyone else D. other student 答案：C 24、The new model costs twice _ last years . A. more than B. as much as C. as many as D. than “as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。 The new model costs twice more than last years. 答案：B 25、This one isnt good. That one is _ worse. A. more B. very C. quite D. even quite后面只能跟原级。 This one is quite bad. 答案：D 真题再现： 1、I dont trust him at all. His smiles always make me _. A.feeling sick B. be sick C. being sick D. sick 2、Her face is _ to me, but I cant remember where I saw her. A.similar B. friendly C. alike D. familiar 3、Hes _ to know the answer. A.likely B. probable C. maybe D. probably 4、He was in poverty at the time. _ he wouldnt have accepted the money. A.However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Then 5、Spanish people usually speak _ than English people. A. quicklier B. more quicklier C. more quickly D. quicker 6、Of the two new teachers. Who do you like _? A. much B. better C. well D. the most 7、I think that red dress would suit me, wouldnt it? Yes, but I think blue is a_color for you. A. well B. good C. better D. best 8、This room _ in the building. A.is biggest than a any other one B. is bigger than any other one C. is more bigger than any other one D. is bigger than any one 9、Her English is very good. She can speak English better than _ in her grade. A.any one B. the one C. any one else D. other student 10、Of the colors, blue, red and orange, which do you like _? A. best B. better C. well D. much 11、Mary runs _ among them. A.the fastest B. the most fast C. most fastly D. most fast 12、Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the _ important. A.least B. more C. most D. much 13、The