英语主谓一致讲解.ppt

主谓一致 什么是主谓一致？ n主谓一致：英语句子中，主语的“人称”和 “数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化， 这就叫“主谓一致”关系。 n它通常依据三项原则： n1）语法一致 (必考) n2）意义一致； n3）就近一致。（必考） 语法一致原则的重点： n不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从 句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。 nTo serve the country is our duty . nHow and why he left was a sad story . n47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems. na. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve 以“and ”或“both and”连接的 并列主语 n1.通常作复数用 。 nPlastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡 胶从不腐烂。 nBoth Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。 n2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事 、物、抽象概念），作单数用。 nThe worker and writer has come . 这位 工人作家来了。 nA cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。 nTruth and honesty is the best policy . 真 诚是最好的策略。 n28. Whisky and soda _ his favorite drink. na. is b. are c. were d. have been n29. _ is to attend our evening. na. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers nc. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer n41. Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise. na. making b. to make c. make d. makes n3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。 nEvery boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益 。 nNo teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学 生可以免于参加这项活动。 n2. Each man and woman _ the same rights. na. has b. have c. had d. is having n44. Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. na. knows b. know c. is known d. are known 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的 修饰语时 nmany a + 单名 接单数谓语： nMany a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀 战士为此献出了生命。 n16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language. na. have realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realized na good (great ) many + 复名 接复数谓 语。 nA great many parents were present at the meeting . 许多家长出席了会议。 n more than one + 单名 大多接单数谓语 。 nMore than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。 n15. More than one worker _ dismissed. na. have been b. are c. has been d. has n more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。 nMore students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。 n more than two (three,)+复名 接复数 谓语。 nMore than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生 听了这场音乐会。 n主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / meter / )of”等时，表 示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定 谓语形式。 nThere is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。 nLarge quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水 。 nThis kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。 nThis kind of apples is (are) sweet . （大多依 kind ， 作单数用 ） nThese kinds of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用） nApples of this kind are sweet . （总作复数用） n主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分 时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致 。可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。 nA woman with two children has come . 一位 妇女带着两个孩子来了。 nI as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅 他们，我也愿帮助你。 n55. Air pollution, together with overpopulation, _many problems in big cities today. (06) nA. are causing B. is causing nC. are caused D. is caused n31. No one except two students _ the meeting. na. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for n32. All but him and me _ to the exhibition. na. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going n33. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job. na. are b. were c. is d. was 定语从句中的主谓一致问题 none of + 复数名词+ 定语从句： n1. 定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”， 因此从句的谓语用复数形式。 nThis is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说 之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”） nHe was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。 n2. 若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时 ，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主 语时，接单数谓语。 nHe was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的 。(关系词who 代 the only one ) n21. Mary is one of the brightest students who _from New York University.(07) nA. graduated B. have graduated C. had graduated D. has graduated n25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time. na. is b. am c. are d. was n26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted. na. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going 意义一致原则 n有些名词指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数。 n这些名词包括： nArmy; audience nClass; club; company; committee; couple crew; crowd nfamily ngovernment; group nparty public population nstaff nteam nunion nOur family is a happy one . 我们有个幸 福的家庭。 nThe family are early risers . 这家人都起 得早。 nThe public are (is )requested not to litter . 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。 n30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came. na. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having n19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours. na. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing n20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. na. is b. was c. are d. has been 有些名词以s结尾，看似名词复 数， 实际上是一个单数名词： nNews; works n某些疾病：diabetes; mumps; rickets; measles; rabies; shingles n某些游戏：billiards; bowls; darts; n表示学科的词：acoustics; athletics; economics; electronics; genetics; linguistics; logistics; mathematics; physics; politics; statistics; thermodynamics n23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness. na. is b. are c. were d. have been n22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal. na. is b. are c. was d. has been n42. Mathematics _ the language of science. na. is b. has been c. are d. have been 其他以-s结尾的名词: n英语中有一些由两个部分构成的物体名称，通 常是由-s结尾，如scissors（剪子）、pincers（ 钳子）、glasses（眼镜）、shorts（短裤）、 trousers（裤子）、suspenders（吊裤带）等 。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一 条”之类的单位词而单独出现，通常作复数； 如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数形式决 定谓语动词的单复数。例如： nYour trousers are tornYoud better change them n你的裤子破了，最好换一条。 nOne pair of trousers is not enough一 条裤子是不够的。 nHere are some new pairs of trousers 这儿有几条新裤子。 n英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如 archives（档案），arms（武器）， clothes（衣服），contents（内容）， eaves（屋檐），fireworks（烟火）， goods（货物），minutes（记录）， morals（道德，品行），remains（遗体 ），stairs（楼梯），suburbs（郊区）， thanks（谢意），wages（工资）等，通 常作复数。例如： nThe archives of this society are kept in the basement n这个团体的档案保存在地下室里。 nThe contents of this book are most fascinating n本书的内容非常吸引人。 nFireworks were postponed because of bad weather n因为天气不好推迟了放烟火。 nHigh wages result in high prices n高工资会导致高物价。 nHis thanks were most profuse他满口道谢。 n但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可： nHis whereabouts werewas known only to his personal staff n只有他个人的工作班子才知道他的行踪 。 nThe dramatics（舞台艺术）of the performance werewas marvelous n这次上演在舞台艺术上真是好极了。 n凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings（ 剪下物），diggings（掘出物）， earnings（收入，收益），filings（锉屑 ），lodgings（租住的房间）， surroundings（环境），sweepings（扫 拢的垃圾）等，通常作复数。例如： nThe clippings of the hedges are usually burnt n由篱笆上剪下的枝叶通常烧掉。 nThe sweepings of the godown have been disposed of n仓库垃圾已经清除。 n18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now. na. is b. are c. was d. were n表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作 主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语 一般用单数。 n10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” n “I suppose so.” na. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were n11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task. na. are b. has c. is d. were 代词作主语时： n1. 不定代词each ,one , much, (a) little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other (+单名)等常作单 数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g. nEach of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。 nNeither plan suits me . nNeither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划 都不适合我。 n1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident. na. am b. be c. is d. are n2下列复合不定代词一般作单数用： nsomeone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone, everything ,nobody ,no one ,nothing nIs everybody here ? 都到齐了吗？ nThere was nothing special then. 那时没 什么特别情况。 n3. 下列不定代词作复数用：(a) few; ,many;, several; both nFew (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。 nBoth / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣。 n4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数： nall , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot (of ), lots (of ), half (of), plenty (of), the rest (of), (a) part (of), the remainder (of ) nAll (of the students ) are working hard .（所有的学生 ）都在用功。 nAll (of the paint ) is fine .（这些油漆）都很好。 nHalf of the apples are bad .苹果中有一半是坏的。 nHalf of the apple is bad .这只苹果坏了一半。 n12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank. na. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept n13. All that can be done _. na. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done n45. None of them _ my friends. na. is b. are c. was d. has been na number of / a variety of +复数名词， 常作复数用。 nA number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来 自四川。 nThere are a variety of toys in this shop. 这家商店有各种各样的玩具。 n35. A number of cars _ in front of the park na. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked n但是，“the number/ the variety(种类)+ of + 复数名词，作单数。 nThe number of students in this college has doubled. 这所大学的学生人数翻了 一番。 nThe variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店货物品种丰富。 n22. The number of members in the club _to two hundred. (06) nA. were limited B. limits nC. was limited D. limited n36. The number of articles published on smoking _ amazing. na. is b. are c. were d. have been n有些名词，如population, proportion, majority + of 的结构有时看作单数，有 时看作复数。取决于of 后的名词： n37. The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health. na. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe n38. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. na. is b. are c. were d. be n分数词 + of的结构，单复数取决于后面 的名词： n39. Four-fifths of the crop _. na. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined n40. Three-fourths of the buildings _. na. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed the + 形容词/分词作主语时 n1. 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用 。e.g. nThe English speak English. 英国人讲英 语。 nThe rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里。 n2.指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数 用。e.g. nThe deceased was his father . 去世的是他 父亲。 nThe agreeable is not always the useful . 好 看的不一定中用。 nThe new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东 西。 n43. The young _ the vital forces in our society. na. is b. has been c. are d. have been n48. In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. na. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming what等引导的从句作主语时 n1. 大多作单数用。e.g. nWhat we need is more practice. 我们需要的是 更多的实践。 nWhat he says doesnt agree with what he does. 他言行不一致。 n27. What caused the accident _ on the road. na. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones n2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或 表语是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数 两可。e.g. nWhat you say and think is /are no business of mine. 你怎么说以及怎么想 ，不关我的事。 nWhat he bought was /were some books. 他所买的是几本书。 就近一致原则也称“邻近原则” n即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不 一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语 ： n“or ; either or；nor; neitheror； whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also“ ; 等。e.g. nWhat he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 nNeither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 nNot you but your father is to blame . 不是你 ，而是你父亲该受责备。 nNot only you but (also) he is wrong .不仅你错 了，他也错了。 n39. Not only I but also Tom and Mary _ fond of collecting stamps. (05) n A. am B. will C. are D. have n58. Neither the teacher nor her students _to attend the meeting by the headmaster. (07) nA. has been asked B. has asked nC. have asked D. have been asked n5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go. na. were b. are c. was d. be n6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball. na. am b. is c. are d. was n7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. na. is b. are c. has d. was n8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting. na. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended n9. _ was wrong. na. Not the teacher but the students nb. Both the students and the teacher nc. Neither the teacher not the students n d. Not the studen