高考英语完形填空新题型.ppt

Cloze Test of 2010湖南高考英语完型填空 应试方法与技巧 Brief Introduction 题型解读 “2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 湖南卷考试说明”就此节的措辞是： “本节要求考生根据上下文，在每个 空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文在补足 后，要求意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整 。本节侧重考查考生的语感以及语言的衔 接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。” 从考查的内容来看，除考查词汇外， 还考查功能语法，即侧重于考查词汇在篇 章中的交际功能。 从题型的形式看，只给出空缺，没有 选项，要求考生根据语境和自己已有的语 法与词汇知识来填空，这对考生的语言知 识的提取和运用能力提出了更高的要求。 语法填空题-能力要求 The ability of reading discourse 阅读/理解语篇的能力 Analysis of sentence structure 分析句子结构的能力 The ability to use grammar 熟练运用语法的能力 The ability of reading discourse 1. Later , I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right _ was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again? 2. Many old people dont have good _.They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music 3. Many Africans are very _ and so they cant afford to eat much meat. hand eyesight poor Analysis of sentence structure 1. It was only then _ he realized his own mistake. 2. He went to work early in the morning, _ his son at home alone. that leaving The ability to use grammar 1. _ amazed us most was that the little girl could play the piano so well. 2. In short, I believe that it is _great use In short, I believe that it is _great use to keep a dairy in English.to keep a dairy in English. 3. There once was a goat and a donkey. So 3. There once was a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.the donkey medicine made from its heart. What the of Do a cloze test and think about the methods A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 _ precious than money. Why? 2 _ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is 3 _ , it will never return. 4 _ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make full use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in 5 _ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people 6 _ do not realize the value of time. They 7_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a word, we should form the good habit of saving time. Do not put off what can be done today 8_ tomorrow. more Because gone/lost It the who spend/waste until/till Do a cloze test using the methods we learned just now Lets have a try: Thirty two people watched Kitty Genovese killed right below their windows. She was 1 neighbor. Yet 2 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 3 why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 4 he can help. First he has to notice that it is5 emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 6 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 7 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, 8 the person wont get the help he needs. theirnone reason before an from more or Step1 Browse through the passge and analyse the structure of discourse Step2 Try to fill in the blank -first the easier Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers Three steps Sum up（总结） Homework Do more exercises after class 第一题： 思路：此句很简单。她是谁的邻居？从 第一句中关于Kitty死在他们窗下的描写可知 填 。their 第二题： 思路：Yet在句首，常作“然而，可是”解，表示 语义的转折。作为邻居，理应救她，“Yet（然而）”， 32人中竟无一人施救，故填 。也可以根据下文 （句）中“甚至连报警的也没有”判断出此空应填none 。前面说过，“语义”决定语言的“形式”。据此，此空 白处是否能填nobody或 no one呢？不能。因为虽然 填nobody或 no one在语义上可以讲通，但在语法结 构上不行。nobody或 no one后面均不能接of短语。 这个例子说明，语言的形式又反过来对语义的表达有 一定的限制作用。可见，语义与形式是 相互制约、约定俗成的。 none 第三题： 思路：即使前面的意思看不大懂，也 很容易判断why people didnt act 是一个 由why引导的定语从句，其先行词必然是 。 reason 第四题： 思路：此句话的意思是“他们调查发 现一个人在施救前必须经过两步。”故 从语义角度讲应填 。在语法上讲 ，填before构成时间状语从句，也合适 。 before 第五题： 思路：emergency兼作可数名词和不 可数名词。凡属这种“可数”、“不可数”兼而 有之的名词，在表示“具体”意义时，作可数 名词用；表示“抽象”意义时，作不可数名词 用。从本句语义可知，此处的emergency描 述的是一种具体的“紧急情况”，故其是可数 名词，又因emergency是元音音素开头，所 以其前应填不定冠词 。另外，下文亦有 暗示。 an 第六题： 思路：原句变为The smoke coming into the room is _ a leak in the air conditioning. 在结合 下文中的Or is it really smoke from a fire? 可以判断填 _ From 第七题： 思路：句中的Second与前面的 First相呼应，紧接着的and 表示 First 和Second相比Second“更”important ，故填 。 more 第八题： 思路：He must feel that he must help 意为“他必须意识到他有责任去施救”，顺此推 理，这意味着the person（需要救助的人）将 会得到他需要的救助（will get the help he needs）。然而，后一句的语义却是否定的（ wont get.），这就意味着后面的一句在语法 结构上采用了“正话反说”的形式， 故填 （不然的话）。or 1.根据语法知识进行填空 第题 由than可知,precious要用比 较级，多音节形容词的比较级前加more， 故此题答案为more 2.根据逻辑关系进行填充 第题，因前句用Why提问，应当 用because来回答，故此题答案是 because. 3. 根据语篇标志进行填充 语篇间往往有标明内在关联的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标 志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等 ；表示因果关系的有 thus, therefore, so等；表示转折关系 或转换话题的有however, but ,while等；表示递进关系的 有besides, apart from, in addition, whats more, moreover, furthermore等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章 的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。 第题，由表示转折however的可知，是指当时间失 去的时候，表示“失去”是gonelost。 4.根据句型搭配进行填充 commonly used fixed sentences: 如so/suchthat, it is/was+ adj./n +(for sb) to do sth, there is no doubt that, doubt whether/if, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than, it is/has been + some time since , be about to do when,等来解题 第题 填it,作形式主语，真正的主语是前 面的从句 5.根据固定词组进行填充 Grasp the important phrases: as a matter of fact, as usual, be proud of, by the way, by chance/accident, be busy with/doing sth, betweenand, come/be from, congratulateon , devoteto, earn ones living /make a living, fromto , in common, keep ones word/promise, look forward to, make up ones mind, pay attention to 等，对解题很有帮助 第5题 表示“在将来”是固定词组in the future 6.根据语法知识进行填空 第6题 因there are是个句子 ，do not 应是一个定语从句，从 句缺主语，先行词是人，应填入 who. 7. 根据上下文语境与词汇知识填充 指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解 答如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接-ing形 式作宾语的动词，只能接to do作宾语的动词， 接to do作补语的动词,接do作补语的动词，接 或作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的 词语，等等 第7题 由time smoking