选修八Unit5readingLanguagepoints.ppt

人教课标版 高二 选修 8 Unit 5 1. alternative n 词义 adj. 两者(或若干)中择一的;供选择的 n. 供选择的东西(或办法等); 选择的 自由(或余地) 经典句式 have no alternative but 除外别无选择; 只有; 只好 There are some alternatives to our plan. 有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。 He had no alternative but to go there alone. 他别无选择, 只好一个人去那儿。 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1) 你能推荐别的选择吗？ Can you _? (2) 要是我不喜欢学校准备的午餐， 你可以自己带饭。 If you dont like the school lunch, _ _. You have the alternative of bringing your own recommend an alternative ( ) I plan to go back home to visit my family during the Spring Festival, but if I cant get the train ticket, I still have an _ plan: to visit the museums. A. alternate B. alternative C. absolute D. appreciable 【解析】B 考查形容词词义辩析。句 意为：春节期间我打算回家，但是如 果买不到火车票，我还有别的安排： 参见博物馆。alternative 意为“可提 供选择的，两者挑一的”，符合句意 。 2. You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 想必你们知道, 正是在这儿我们找到 了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证 据。 a. You must be aware that主句后接由强 调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。 must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测, 译 作“一 定, 肯定”。只用于肯定推测。 对现 在或将来事实推测，用 “must do”。 You must be hungry after a long walk 走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。 对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用“must be doing”。 The light is on. He must be doing his homework now 灯亮着, 他一定正在做作业。 对过去的事进行推测, 用“must have done”。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。 此时, 应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句 中有表示过去的时间状语, 反意疑问句用 “didnt+主语”; 如果句中无表示过去的时间 状语, 反义疑问句用 “havent/hasnt+主语” 。 He must have arrived here last night, didnt he? 他一定昨晚就来这儿了, 不是吗? He must have arrived here, hasnt he? 他一定来这儿了, 不是吗? b. aware adj. 意识到的, 知道的。通常 用作表语。 We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered 我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒 临灭绝的危险。 be aware of sth. 知道；意识到 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they wont given up. c. its here that we 是强调句, 其基本句 式是It is (was)+被强调部分+that (who)+ 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限 于主语,宾语和状语。 It was your mother whom I met in the street 我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。 It was in the street that I met your mother. 我是在街上碰到你母亲的。 It was she who had been wrong. 错的是她。 It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. (2005天津高考) A. that B. what C. which D. this 本题强调主语, 此时应用that来引导。 d. “Who lived in this part of the world”是定语从句修饰先行词 people。people在定语从句作主语, 故用关系代词who来引导定语从句 。 3. We have been excavating here for many years and . 考点 have been doing是现在完成进行 时，表示到现在为止一直在进行的动作 ，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止 了。 考例 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine school, where she _ English for a year. (湖南2007) A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 点拨 根据句子提供的时态和时间状语 for a year选D。此处用现在完成进行时 表示一年以来她一直在学英语。 4. Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们是怎么 在这里生活的？ 句型“Im sorry.but.”是口语中委婉 的表达, “but”表示语义上的转折。 Are you free this weekend? Im sorry, but l have lots of work to do - 周末有空吗? - 对不起, 我有大量的事要做。 2) 打岔; 插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. “Dont interrupt,” he said. 1) 阻断, 中断 His studies were interrupted by the war. Dont interrupt him, for he hasnt finished yet. interrupt interrupt v. 打扰，打断，阻碍。常有 “使停止(中断)”的意思。 His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. disturb v. 打扰, 妨碍。常指失去了正常 的状态或导致困难产生。 Bad dreams disturbed her sleep. 区别: interrupt 和disturb 根据汉语提示完成句子 (1) The trade between the two countries _ (被中断) by the war. (2) The house is so tall that it _ (挡住) our view of Mount Tai. (3) Dont _ (插嘴) When others are talking. (4) She opened the door quietly so as not to _ (打扰) the sleeping boy. was interrupted interrupts interrupt disturb Sorry to _ you, but your mother is waiting outside. A. break B. interrupt C. stop D. disturb 【解析】B 考查动词词义辨析。 disturb 表示“扰乱、妨碍安静、平静 或正常的秩序”。而interrupt 则强调“ 使工作、谈话等中断”。stop表示“停 止、阻止”；break表示“打破、中止” 。根据句意可推知B项正确。 5. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. 我们 在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和 人类的骨头以及工具和其他物品。 as well as 1) conj. as well as 可以用来连接两个相同 的成分, 如名词, 形容词, 动词, 介词, 通 常不位于句首。意为“不但而且”。 2) prep. 相当于besides, in addition to， 意为“除之外”, 后面通常接名词或动 词。 As well as eating five course meals, they drank two bottles of wine. She sings as well as plas the piano. Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 6. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷 住在这些洞穴里。 assume vt. 1) to think that something is true although you have no proof of it 假定: 设想 The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon. 科学家设想月球 上没有动物。 2) to pretend 装作 She assumed a look of surprise. 她装出一副吃惊的样子。 根据汉语提示完成句子 (1) We must _ _ (假设他是对的) until he is proved wrong. (2) The theory _ _ (是以一系列错误的 设想为依据的). assume him to be right/that he is right is based on a series of wrong assumptions ( ) I think we can safely _ that interest rates will go up again soon. A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble 【解析】A 考查动词词义辩析。 accomplish 意为 “完成(工作或任务), 达 到(某个程度)”; attain 意为“达到, 获得 ”; assemble 意为“集合, 装配”。根据句 意可知A项正确。 regardless of prep. 1) without being affected by different situations, problems, etc. 不管; 不顾 He climbed the building, regardless of the danger 不管有多危险, 他还是爬上了大厦。 2) in spite of We will persevere regardless of past failures. 尽管以前我们失败过, 但仍要坚持下去。 7. It seems that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. 考点 might have done是“情态动词+ have done”，表示对过去情况的推测。 此外，“must / can / could / may + have done”也表示对过去发生的事情或情况 的推测。 考例 Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. (江西07) A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 点拨 根据时间状语yesterday可知是对 过去情况的推测，排除A、C; 根据句意“ 你可能是放错了地方”选D。B项中的 should have done 表示“本应该做某事, 但 实际上未做”。 8. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. 他们用这火取暖、做饭, 还能用火吓 跑野兽。 1) would 表示猜测, 译为 “想必” 、“肯定会”。 2) keep them warm为keep+宾语+宾语 补足语的结构意为 “使处于某种状 态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的 词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副 词以及介词短语。 He kept me waiting for half an hour. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 9. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎 有六米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都 在烧火。 a. “have been excavating”是现在完成进 行时, 表示从过去开始一直延续到现在, 强调动作的继续。 I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it 我已经找了三天我丢的书, 但仍没找到。 b. 句中“which”用来引导非限制性定语从句 , 先行词为其前的句子。 c. suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply 意为“暗示, 意味, 表明” Her pale face suggests that she was ill. 她苍白的脸色表明她病了。 The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady 从书信的字体上看, 写信人是一位女性。 A silence that suggested disapproval. 沉默暗示着反对。 His face suggest she is happy now 从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。 His bad manners suggest a lack of family education 他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。 但当suggest作“建议”讲时, 其用法为: (+doing) I suggest her going home at once 我建议她马上回家。 +(that) should do I suggested (that) she (should) go home at once 我建议她要马上回家。 -How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays? -I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest 10. Yes and so well preserved 还保存得如此完好。 这是省略的句子, 完整句应是: and it is so well preserved (it指necklace) 词语辩析 preserve 与reserve (1) preserve 着重指有价值的东西, 保持 其原貌, 一旦毁坏, 无物可以代替。如 : His work must be preserved for posterity. 他的作品当传诸后世。 We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources. 我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。 (2) reserve 指“保留(意见、看法)；预 定(票、房、座位); 储藏(以备将来 使用)”。如： These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是为特别 的来宾保留的。 We will reserve the money. We may need it later. 我们将把这笔钱存起来，也许以后用得 着。 I have reserved a table at the restaurant. 我已在饭店预订一桌菜。 根据汉语提示完成句子 (1) Its difficult to _ (保持自 尊) in that job. (2) Wed like to _ (预定) a table for five for dinner. (3